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The Academy's Evolution Site<br><br>Biology is a key concept in biology. The Academies are involved in helping those who are interested in the sciences comprehend the evolution theory and how it can be applied throughout all fields of scientific research.<br><br>This site provides a range of sources for  [http://www.chongyoushe.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=692769 에볼루션 게이밍] teachers, students and general readers of evolution. It includes key video clips from NOVA and WGBH's science programs on DVD.<br><br>Tree of Life<br><br>The Tree of Life is an ancient symbol that represents the interconnectedness of all life. It is a symbol of love and unity across many cultures. It also has many practical applications, such as providing a framework to understand the history of species and how they respond to changing environmental conditions.<br><br>The first attempts at depicting the biological world focused on categorizing organisms into distinct categories that were distinguished by their physical and metabolic characteristics1. These methods,  [https://www.footballzaa.com/out.php?url=https://hoover-arsenault.hubstack.net/seven-explanations-on-why-evolution-blackjack-is-important 에볼루션카지노] which relied on sampling of different parts of living organisms, or sequences of small fragments of their DNA significantly increased the variety that could be represented in the tree of life2. However the trees are mostly comprised of eukaryotes, and bacterial diversity is still largely unrepresented3,4.<br><br>Genetic techniques have greatly broadened our ability to represent the Tree of Life by circumventing the requirement for direct observation and experimentation. Trees can be constructed using molecular techniques, such as the small-subunit ribosomal gene.<br><br>Despite the rapid growth of the Tree of Life through genome sequencing, much biodiversity still is waiting to be discovered. This is particularly true for microorganisms that are difficult to cultivate and are typically only present in a single specimen5. Recent analysis of all genomes resulted in a rough draft of the Tree of Life. This includes a large number of archaea, bacteria, and other organisms that haven't yet been identified or whose diversity has not been fully understood6.<br><br>This expanded Tree of Life can be used to evaluate the biodiversity of a particular area and determine if certain habitats need special protection. The information can be used in a range of ways, from identifying new medicines to combating disease to enhancing crop yields. This information is also extremely valuable to conservation efforts. It can aid biologists in identifying areas most likely to be home to species that are cryptic, which could have vital metabolic functions and be vulnerable to the effects of human activity. Although funding to protect biodiversity are crucial but the most effective way to protect the world's biodiversity is for more people living in developing countries to be empowered with the necessary knowledge to act locally to promote conservation from within.<br><br>Phylogeny<br><br>A phylogeny (also called an evolutionary tree) shows the relationships between different organisms. Scientists can construct an phylogenetic chart which shows the evolutionary relationships between taxonomic groups based on molecular data and morphological differences or similarities. Phylogeny is crucial in understanding the evolution of biodiversity, evolution and genetics.<br><br>A basic phylogenetic Tree (see Figure PageIndex 10 Finds the connections between organisms that have similar characteristics and have evolved from a common ancestor. These shared traits can be analogous or homologous. Homologous traits are identical in their evolutionary roots while analogous traits appear like they do, but don't have the same origins. Scientists put similar traits into a grouping known as a the clade. All organisms in a group share a characteristic, like amniotic egg production. They all came from an ancestor with these eggs. A phylogenetic tree is then constructed by connecting clades to identify the organisms who are the closest to each other. <br><br>For a more detailed and accurate phylogenetic tree scientists make use of molecular data from DNA or RNA to establish the relationships among organisms. This data is more precise than morphological information and provides evidence of the evolution history of an organism or group. The analysis of molecular data can help researchers identify the number of organisms who share an ancestor common to them and estimate their evolutionary age.<br><br>The phylogenetic relationships between organisms can be affected by a variety of factors including phenotypic plasticity, a type of behavior that changes in response to unique environmental conditions. This can cause a trait to appear more similar to a species than another and obscure the phylogenetic signals. However, this issue can be cured by the use of techniques like cladistics, which include a mix of similar and homologous traits into the tree.<br><br>In addition, phylogenetics can aid in predicting the time and pace of speciation. This information will assist conservation biologists in making choices about which species to save from extinction. In the end, it is the preservation of phylogenetic diversity which will create an ecosystem that is complete and balanced.<br><br>Evolutionary Theory<br><br>The fundamental concept of evolution is that organisms acquire various characteristics over time due to their interactions with their environment. Many scientists have developed theories of evolution, such as the Islamic naturalist Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (1201-274) who believed that an organism would evolve according to its individual needs as well as the Swedish taxonomist Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) who developed the modern hierarchical system of taxonomy, as well as Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1844-1829), who believed that the use or non-use of traits can lead to changes that can be passed on to future generations.<br><br>In the 1930s and 1940s, concepts from various fields, including natural selection, genetics &amp; particulate inheritance, merged to create a modern theorizing of evolution. This defines how evolution occurs by the variation in genes within the population and how these variants alter over time due to natural selection. This model, called genetic drift mutation, gene flow, and  바카라 [https://www.taxiu.vip/home.php?mod=space&uid=120310 에볼루션 룰렛] ([https://telegra.ph/Why-You-Should-Concentrate-On-Enhancing-Evolution-Baccarat-Site-12-30 see here now]) sexual selection, is a cornerstone of modern evolutionary biology and can be mathematically described.<br><br>Recent discoveries in the field of evolutionary developmental biology have demonstrated that variations can be introduced into a species via mutation, genetic drift and reshuffling of genes during sexual reproduction, as well as by migration between populations. These processes, along with others such as directionally-selected selection and erosion of genes (changes in the frequency of genotypes over time) can lead to evolution. Evolution is defined by changes in the genome over time and changes in the phenotype (the expression of genotypes in individuals).<br><br>Incorporating evolutionary thinking into all aspects of biology education could increase students' understanding of phylogeny as well as evolution. A recent study by Grunspan and colleagues, for instance, showed that teaching about the evidence that supports evolution helped students accept the concept of evolution in a college-level biology class. For more details about how to teach evolution, see The Evolutionary Potency in All Areas of Biology or Thinking Evolutionarily as a Framework for Integrating Evolution into Life Sciences Education.<br><br>Evolution in Action<br><br>Traditionally scientists have studied evolution by looking back, studying fossils, comparing species, and observing living organisms. Evolution is not a distant moment; it is an ongoing process. Viruses reinvent themselves to avoid new drugs and bacteria evolve to resist antibiotics. Animals adapt their behavior as a result of the changing environment. The results are often evident.<br><br>It wasn't until late-1980s that biologists realized that natural selection could be seen in action, as well. The main reason is that different traits can confer an individual rate of survival as well as reproduction, and may be passed on from generation to generation.<br><br>In the past, if one allele - the genetic sequence that determines colour was present in a population of organisms that interbred, it could become more common than other allele. Over time, this would mean that the number of moths sporting black pigmentation in a population could increase. The same is true for many other characteristics--including morphology and behavior--that vary among populations of organisms.<br><br>Monitoring evolutionary changes in action is much easier when a species has a fast generation turnover such as bacteria. Since 1988, Richard Lenski, a biologist, has studied twelve populations of E.coli that are descended from a single strain. The samples of each population were taken regularly, and more than 500.000 generations of E.coli have been observed to have passed.<br><br>Lenski's research has demonstrated that mutations can alter the rate at which change occurs and the efficiency of a population's reproduction. It also proves that evolution takes time--a fact that many are unable to accept.<br><br>Microevolution is also evident in the fact that mosquito genes for pesticide resistance are more prevalent in populations where insecticides have been used. That's because the use of pesticides creates a selective pressure that favors those who have resistant genotypes.<br><br>The rapid pace at which evolution can take place has led to a growing awareness of its significance in a world shaped by human activity--including climate change, pollution, and the loss of habitats that prevent the species from adapting. Understanding evolution will help us make better decisions regarding the future of our planet as well as the life of its inhabitants.