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The Berkeley Evolution Site<br><br>Students and teachers who explore the Berkeley site will find a wealth of resources to aid in understanding and teaching evolution. The materials are organized in optional learning paths, such as "What does T. rex look like?"<br><br>Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection explains how creatures who are better able to adapt biologically to changing environments survive longer and those that don't become extinct. Science is about this process of evolutionary change.<br><br>What is Evolution?<br><br>The word evolution can have a variety of meanings that are not scientific. For example, it can mean "progress" and "descent with modifications." It is scientifically based and is used to describe the process of change of traits over time in organisms or species. In biological terms the change is due to natural selection and genetic drift.<br><br>Evolution is a central tenet of modern biology. It is a concept that has been confirmed through thousands of scientific tests. Evolution does not deal with God's presence or spiritual beliefs in the same way as other theories in science, like the Copernican or germ theory of diseases.<br><br>Early evolutionists, including Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and Erasmus Darwin (Charles's grandfather) believed that certain physical traits were predetermined to change, in a gradual way, over time. This was referred to as the "Ladder of Nature" or scala naturae. Charles Lyell used the term to describe this idea in his Principles of Geology, first published in 1833.<br><br>In the early 1800s, Darwin formulated his theory of evolution and published it in his book On the Origin of Species. It states that all species of organisms share a common ancestry which can be traced by fossils and other evidence. This is the current perspective on evolution, and is supported in many disciplines which include molecular biology.<br><br>Scientists don't know how organisms have evolved,  [https://wellnessbeauty.ru/bitrix/redirect.php?event1=click_to_call&event2=&event3=&goto=https://evolutionkr.kr/ 에볼루션게이밍] but they are confident that natural selection and genetic drift are the primary reason for the development of life. People with desirable traits are more likely to live and reproduce, and these individuals transmit their genes to the next generation. Over time the gene pool gradually changes and develops into new species.<br><br>Certain scientists also use the term"evolution" to refer to large-scale changes in evolutionary processes such as the creation of the new species from an ancestral species. Other scientists, such as population geneticists, define the term "evolution" more broadly by referring to the net variation in the frequency of alleles over generations. Both definitions are valid and reliable however, some scientists claim that the allele-frequency definition is missing important features of the evolutionary process.<br><br>Origins of Life<br><br>The birth of life is a crucial step in evolution. The beginning of life takes place when living systems start to develop at a micro level, like within individual cells.<br><br>The origins of life is one of the major topics in various disciplines such as geology, chemistry, biology and chemistry. The question of how living organisms began is of particular importance in science because it is an important challenge to the theory of evolution. It is often called "the mystery of life," or "abiogenesis."<br><br>Traditionally, the notion that life could emerge from nonliving things is called spontaneous generation,  [https://kunlexforum.createmybb4.com/external.php?url=https://evolutionkr.kr/ 에볼루션 바카라]카지노사이트, [https://semanticweb.cs.vu.nl/verrijktkoninkrijk/browse/list_resource?r=https://evolutionkr.kr/ mouse click the next document], or "spontaneous evolution." This was a common belief before Louis Pasteur's research showed that it was impossible for the emergence of life to occur by an entirely natural process.<br><br>Many scientists believe it is possible to transition from nonliving to living substances. However, the conditions needed are extremely difficult to replicate in a laboratory. This is why researchers studying the origins of life are also keen to understand the physical properties of the early Earth and other planets.<br><br>The development of life is also dependent on a series of complex chemical reactions that are not predicted by simple physical laws. These include the reading and re-reading of complex molecules, such as DNA or RNA, to produce proteins that perform a specific function. These chemical reactions are often compared to the chicken-and-egg issue of how life came into existence: The development of DNA/RNA as well as proteins-based cell machinery is vital for the beginning of life, however, without the development of life, the chemistry that makes it possible is not working.<br><br>Research in the field of abiogenesis requires collaboration between scientists from many different disciplines. This includes prebiotic scientists, astrobiologists, and planetary scientists.<br><br>Evolutionary Changes<br><br>Today, the word evolution is used to describe general changes in genetic traits over time. These changes may result from the response to environmental pressures as explained in the article on Darwinism (see the entry on Charles Darwin for background) or may result from natural selection.<br><br>This latter mechanism increases the number of genes that offer the advantage of survival for the species, leading to an overall change in the appearance of an entire group. These evolutionary changes are caused by mutations, reshuffling genes in the process of sexual reproduction, and also by gene flow.<br><br>While mutation and reshuffling of genes happen in all organisms, the process by which beneficial mutations are more frequent is referred to as natural selection. This happens because, as noted above those who have the advantageous trait are likely to have a higher fertility rate than those without it. Over many generations, this differential in the number of offspring born could result in an inclination towards a shift in the average number of advantageous traits in a population.<br><br>This is evident in the evolution of different beak shapes on finches from the Galapagos Islands. They have created these beaks to ensure that they can eat more quickly in their new home. These changes in the shape and appearance of living organisms may also help create new species.<br><br>The majority of the changes that occur are caused by one mutation, however occasionally several will happen at the same time. Most of these changes can be harmful or neutral, but a small number could have a positive impact on survival and reproduce with increasing frequency as time passes. This is the process of natural selection and it can be a time-consuming process that produces the gradual changes that eventually lead to an entirely new species.<br><br>Some people confuse the idea of evolution with the idea that the traits inherited from parents can be altered by conscious choice or use and abuse, which is known as soft inheritance. This is a misunderstood understanding of the nature of evolution, and of the actual biological processes that lead to it. A more precise description is that evolution involves a two-step process, that involves the distinct and often antagonistic forces of natural selection and mutation.<br><br>Origins of Humans<br><br>Modern humans (Homo sapiens) evolved from primates, a group of mammals that includes chimpanzees, gorillas, and bonobos. The earliest human fossils indicate that our ancestors were bipeds. They were walkers with two legs. Genetic and biological similarities suggest that we are closely related to the chimpanzees. In fact our closest relatives are chimpanzees belonging to the Pan genus. This includes pygmy, as well as bonobos. The last common ancestor of modern humans and chimpanzees dated 8 to 6 million years old.<br><br>Over time humans have developed a variety of traits, including bipedalism and the use fire. They also developed advanced tools. It is only within the last 100,000 years that we've developed the majority of our important traits. These include a large, complex brain human ability to construct and use tools, and cultural diversity.<br><br>The process of evolution occurs when genetic changes enable members of a group to better adapt to the environment. Natural selection is the process that drives this adaptation. Certain characteristics are more desirable than others. Those with the better adaptations are more likely to pass their genes to the next generation. This is the process that evolves all species, and it is the basis of the theory of evolution.<br><br>Scientists call this the "law of natural selection." The law states species that share an ancestor will tend to develop similar characteristics in the course of time. It is because these traits help them to live and reproduce in their environment.<br><br>All organisms possess an molecule called DNA that holds the information needed to control their growth. The DNA molecule is composed of base pairs that are arranged in a spiral around sugar molecules and phosphate molecules. The sequence of bases in each string determines the phenotype or the appearance and  [https://novosibirsk.gallery-dekor.ru/bitrix/redirect.php?goto=https://evolutionkr.kr/ 에볼루션 사이트] behavior of an individual. Variations in a population can be caused by mutations and reshufflings of genetic material (known collectively as alleles).<br><br>Fossils from the early human species Homo erectus and Homo neanderthalensis have been found in Africa, Asia and Europe. Despite some differences, these fossils all support the hypothesis that modern humans first appeared in Africa. The genetic and fossil evidence suggests that early humans left Africa and migrated to Asia and Europe.