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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean<br><br>CLKs' awareness and capacity to draw on relational affordances as well as learner-internal elements, were important. The RIs from TS &amp; ZL,  [https://bookmarkinglife.com/story3509529/is-pragmatic-demo-as-crucial-as-everyone-says 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료] 슬롯 체험 [[https://socialbuzzmaster.com/story3579896/do-you-know-how-to-explain-pragmatic-game-to-your-mom via]] for example were able to cite their local professor relationship as the primary reason for their rational decision to avoid criticism of a strict professor (see example 2).<br><br>This article reviews all locally published practical research on Korean up to 2020. It focuses on key pragmatic topics including:<br><br>Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs)<br><br>The Discourse Completion Test (DCT) is widely used in research that is based on pragmatic principles. It has many strengths however, it also has a few disadvantages. For example, the DCT cannot account for cultural and individual differences in communicative behavior. Furthermore, the DCT is prone to bias and could cause overgeneralizations. It is essential to analyze it carefully before being used for research or assessment.<br><br>Despite its limitations, the DCT is a useful tool to study the relationship between prosody and information structure in non-native speakers. Its ability in two or more stages to influence the social variables that are related to politeness is a plus. This ability can be used to study the effect of prosody in various cultural contexts.<br><br>In the field of linguistics, DCT is among the most effective tools to analyze the communication habits of learners. It can be used to examine various aspects, including politeness, turn taking, and lexical choices. It can also be used to assess the phonological complexity of the learners' speech.<br><br>A recent study used the DCT to test EFL students' ability to resist. Participants were given a set of scenarios to choose from and then asked to choose the appropriate response. The authors found the DCT to be more efficient than other methods of refusal like videos or questionnaires. However, the researchers warned that the DCT should be employed with caution and include other data collection methods.<br><br>DCTs can be developed using specific language requirements, like the form and content. These criteria are intuitive and based upon the assumptions of test designers. They are not always exact and could be misleading in describing how ELF learners respond to requests in real-world interactions. This issue calls for further investigation into alternative methods of assessing refusal competency.<br><br>A recent study has compared DCT responses to requests submitted by students through email with those gathered from an oral DCT. The results revealed that DCTs favored more direct and traditionally indirect request forms and utilized more hints than email data.<br><br>Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)<br><br>This study examined Chinese learners' pragmatic choices when using Korean. It employed various experimental tools such as Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions, and Refusal Interviews. Participants were 46 CLKs at the upper-intermediate who participated in MQs,  [https://bookmarkblast.com/story18113251/10-facts-about-pragmatic-that-will-instantly-put-you-in-a-good-mood 프라그마틱 무료스핀] DCTs and  [https://bookmark-nation.com/story17931806/why-you-should-focus-on-improving-pragmatic-free 프라그마틱 무료 슬롯] RIs. They were also asked for reflections on their assessments and refusals in RIs. The results showed that CLKs were more likely to reject native Korean pragmatic norms, and that their choices were influenced by four primary factors: their personalities, their multilingual identities, ongoing lives, and their relational advantages. These findings have pedagogical consequences for L2 Korean assessment.<br><br>First, the MQ data were analyzed to determine the participants' choices in terms of their pragmatics. The data were classified according to Ishihara's (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the selections were matched with their linguistic performance on the DCTs to determine whether they showed a pattern of resistance to pragmatics or not. Additionally, the participants were asked to explain their decision to use pragmatic language in a given situation.<br><br>The results of the MQs and DCTs were then analysed using descriptive statistics and Z-tests. The CLKs were discovered to use euphemistic words like "sorry" or "thank you". This is likely due to their lack of experience with the target languages, leading to an inadequate knowledge of korean's pragmatic norms. The results showed that CLKs' preferences to diverge from L1 and L2 norms or to converge towards L1 varied depending on the DCT situations. For example, in Situation 3 and 12, the CLKs preferred to diverge from both L1 and  프라그마틱 무료 ([https://getsocialsource.com/story3419096/the-most-profound-problems-in-live-casino getsocialsource.com]) pragmatic norms, whereas in Situation 14 they favored a convergence to L1 norms.<br><br>The RIs further revealed that the CLKs were aware of their pragmatic resistance in each DCT situation. The RIs were conducted on a one-to-one basis within a period of two days of participants completing the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribed, and then coded by two coders who were independent. The coders worked in an iterative manner, with the coders re-reading and discussing each transcript. The results of coding are compared with the original RI transcripts to determine whether they reflected the actual behavior.<br><br>Interviews with Refusal<br><br>A key question of pragmatic research is why learners choose to resist pragmatic norms that native speakers use. Recent research sought to answer this question using a variety of experiments, including DCTs MQs and RIs. The participants consisted of 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs, and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. They were required to complete the DCTs in their native language and to complete the MQs either in their L1 or L2. Then they were invited to attend a RI where they were asked reflect on their responses to the DCT situations.<br><br>The results showed that CLKs, on average, did not follow the patterns of native speakers in more than 40% of their responses. They did this despite the fact that they could create patterns that resembled native ones. They were also aware of their pragmatism resistance. They attributed their resistance to learner-internal variables such as their personality and multilingual identities. They also mentioned external factors, like relational advantages. They described, for example, how their interactions with their professors helped them to perform better in terms of the linguistic and cultural expectations of their university.<br><br>The interviewees expressed their concern about the social pressures or penalties they might face in the event that their local social norms were violated. They were worried that their native friends might view them as "foreigners" and think they were unintelligent. This concern was similar to those voiced by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).<br><br>These findings suggest that native-speaker pragmatic norms are no longer the preferred choice of Korean learners. They could still be useful for official Korean proficiency tests. But it is advisable for future researchers to revisit their usefulness in particular situations and in various contexts. This will allow them to better understand the effect of different cultural environments on the classroom behavior and interactions of L2 students. This will also help educators develop better methods for teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi is principal advisor to Stratways Group, a geopolitical risk consultancy based out of Seoul.<br><br>Case Studies<br><br>The case study method is a research method that employs deep, participatory investigations to investigate a specific topic. This method utilizes multiple data sources, such as interviews, observations and documents, to confirm its findings. This kind of research is useful when analyzing complicated or unique subjects that are difficult to quantify with other methods.<br><br>The first step in the case study is to clearly define the subject matter and the purpose of the study. This will allow you to identify which aspects of the topic should be studied and which aspects can be left out. It is also helpful to review the existing literature to gain a better understanding of the subject. It will also help place the situation in a larger theoretical context.<br><br>This study was based on an open source platform that is the KMMLU leaderboard [50] and its specific benchmarks for Korea, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the study revealed that the L2 Korean students were highly susceptible to native models. They were more likely to pick incorrect answers that were literal interpretations. This was a deviance from a precise pragmatic inference. They also had a strong tendency of adding their own text or "garbage" to their responses. This lowered the quality of their answers.<br><br>The participants in this study were L2 Korean students who had achieved level four in the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK in their third or second university year and were aiming to attain level six on their next attempt. They were required to answer questions regarding their WTC/SPCC and comprehension and pragmatic awareness.<br><br>The interviewees were presented two scenarios, each of which involved an imaginary interaction with their interactants and asked to choose one of the following strategies when making an inquiry. They were then asked to provide the reasons behind their decision. Most of the participants attributed their rational opposition to their personality. For instance, TS claimed that she was difficult to connect to, and therefore did not want to inquire about the health of her interlocutors despite having the burden of a job, even though she believed that native Koreans would do so.