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What is Free Evolution?<br><br>Free evolution is the idea that natural processes can cause organisms to evolve over time. This includes the creation of new species as well as the transformation of the appearance of existing species.<br><br>A variety of examples have been provided of this, including various kinds of stickleback fish that can live in salt or fresh water, and walking stick insect varieties that are attracted to particular host plants. These reversible traits, however, cannot explain fundamental changes in body plans.<br><br>Evolution through Natural Selection<br><br>The development of the myriad of living creatures on Earth is a mystery that has fascinated scientists for many centuries. The best-established explanation is Darwin's natural selection process, a process that occurs when individuals that are better adapted survive and reproduce more effectively than those that are less well-adapted. As time passes, the number of well-adapted individuals becomes larger and eventually develops into an entirely new species.<br><br>Natural selection is an ongoing process and involves the interaction of 3 factors including reproduction,  [http://bbs.xiaoditech.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=2149302 에볼루션 사이트] 바카라사이트 - [https://utahsyardsale.com/author/portfired3/ simply click the up coming internet page], variation and inheritance. Sexual reproduction and  [http://120.zsluoping.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=1874962 에볼루션 무료 바카라] 바카라 무료 - [https://heavenarticle.com/author/workswamp57-1730702/ Https://heavenarticle.Com/author/workswamp57-1730702], mutations increase the genetic diversity of an animal species. Inheritance refers to the passing of a person's genetic characteristics to their offspring, which includes both recessive and dominant alleles. Reproduction is the process of generating fertile, viable offspring. This can be accomplished by both asexual or sexual methods.<br><br>All of these factors must be in balance to allow natural selection to take place. For example, if the dominant allele of one gene can cause an organism to live and reproduce more often than the recessive one,  [https://trampsusan9.bravejournal.net/5-evolution-site-leassons-from-the-pros 에볼루션 코리아] the dominant allele will become more prominent within the population. However, if the gene confers a disadvantage in survival or reduces fertility, it will be eliminated from the population. The process is self reinforcing, which means that an organism with an adaptive characteristic will live and reproduce more quickly than those with a maladaptive feature. The more offspring an organism can produce the better its fitness which is measured by its capacity to reproduce and survive. Individuals with favorable traits, like a long neck in giraffes, or bright white color patterns on male peacocks are more likely to others to survive and reproduce and eventually lead to them becoming the majority.<br><br>Natural selection is only an element in the population and not on individuals. This is an important distinction from the Lamarckian theory of evolution, which argues that animals acquire characteristics by use or inactivity. For instance, if a animal's neck is lengthened by stretching to reach for prey, its offspring will inherit a more long neck. The length difference between generations will persist until the giraffe's neck becomes too long that it can no longer breed with other giraffes.<br><br>Evolution by Genetic Drift<br><br>In genetic drift, alleles within a gene can be at different frequencies in a population due to random events. At some point, one will attain fixation (become so common that it is unable to be removed by natural selection), while the other alleles drop to lower frequency. This could lead to dominance at the extreme. The other alleles are eliminated, and heterozygosity is reduced to zero. In a small population this could result in the total elimination of recessive alleles. This scenario is called the bottleneck effect and is typical of the evolution process that occurs when a large number individuals migrate to form a population.<br><br>A phenotypic  bottleneck may also occur when the survivors of a disaster like an outbreak or mass hunt event are confined to the same area. The surviving individuals will be mostly homozygous for the dominant allele meaning that they all share the same phenotype, and consequently have the same fitness characteristics. This situation could be caused by earthquakes, war, or even plagues. The genetically distinct population, if left, could be susceptible to genetic drift.<br><br>Walsh Lewens, Walsh, and Ariew define drift as a deviation from expected values due to differences in fitness. They cite a famous example of twins that are genetically identical and have the exact same phenotype and yet one is struck by lightening and dies while the other lives and reproduces.<br><br>This kind of drift could play a significant part in the evolution of an organism. This isn't the only method for evolution. The most common alternative is a process called natural selection, in which the phenotypic variation of the population is maintained through mutation and migration.<br><br>Stephens asserts that there is a significant difference between treating the phenomenon of drift as a force, or an underlying cause, and considering other causes of evolution like mutation, selection, and migration as forces or causes. Stephens claims that a causal process explanation of drift permits us to differentiate it from other forces, and this distinction is essential. He also claims that drift has a direction: that is it tends to eliminate heterozygosity. He also claims that it also has a size, that is determined by population size.<br><br>Evolution through Lamarckism<br><br>In high school, students study biology they are often introduced to the work of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744 - 1829). His theory of evolution, often referred to as "Lamarckism" which means that simple organisms evolve into more complex organisms adopting traits that result from an organism's use and disuse. Lamarckism can be illustrated by the giraffe's neck being extended to reach higher leaves in the trees. This would cause the longer necks of giraffes to be passed to their offspring, who would then grow even taller.<br><br>Lamarck was a French zoologist and, in his opening lecture for his course on invertebrate zoology at the Museum of Natural History in Paris on 17 May 1802, he introduced an innovative concept that completely challenged the conventional wisdom about organic transformation. According to him living things evolved from inanimate matter via an escalating series of steps. Lamarck was not the only one to suggest that this could be the case but his reputation is widely regarded as being the one who gave the subject its first broad and thorough treatment.<br><br>The prevailing story is that Lamarckism became an opponent to Charles Darwin's theory of evolutionary natural selection and that the two theories fought it out in the 19th century. Darwinism eventually won and led to the creation of what biologists today call the Modern Synthesis. The theory denies that acquired characteristics can be passed down through generations and instead, it claims that organisms evolve through the influence of environment factors, including Natural Selection.<br><br>Lamarck and his contemporaries supported the notion that acquired characters could be passed on to the next generation. However, this idea was never a major part of any of their theories about evolution. This is largely due to the fact that it was never validated scientifically.<br><br>It's been more than 200 years since Lamarck was born and, in the age of genomics there is a vast amount of evidence that supports the heritability of acquired traits. This is often referred to as "neo-Lamarckism" or more commonly, epigenetic inheritance. This is a version that is just as valid as the popular Neodarwinian model.<br><br>Evolution by the process of adaptation<br><br>One of the most common misconceptions about evolution is that it is a result of a kind of struggle for survival. In reality, this notion is a misrepresentation of natural selection and ignores the other forces that determine the rate of evolution. The struggle for survival is more effectively described as a struggle to survive in a specific environment, which may include not just other organisms, but also the physical environment.<br><br>To understand how evolution works, it is helpful to think about what adaptation is. Adaptation refers to any particular feature that allows an organism to live and reproduce within its environment. It can be a physiological feature, like feathers or fur or a behavioral characteristic such as a tendency to move into shade in hot weather or stepping out at night to avoid the cold.<br><br>The survival of an organism is dependent on its ability to extract energy from the environment and interact with other organisms and their physical environments. The organism must have the right genes to produce offspring, and be able to find enough food and resources. The organism should also be able reproduce at a rate that is optimal for its niche.<br><br>These factors, together with gene flow and mutations can cause changes in the proportion of different alleles in the population's gene pool. The change in frequency of alleles can result in the emergence of novel traits and eventually new species as time passes.<br><br>Many of the characteristics we appreciate in animals and plants are adaptations. For example lung or gills that draw oxygen from air feathers and fur as insulation long legs to run away from predators and camouflage to conceal. However, a complete understanding of adaptation requires paying attention to the distinction between physiological and behavioral traits.<br><br>Physiological adaptations, like thick fur or gills, are physical traits, whereas behavioral adaptations, such as the desire to find companions or to move into the shade in hot weather, aren't. In addition it is important to note that a lack of thought is not a reason to make something an adaptation. A failure to consider the implications of a choice, even if it appears to be rational, could make it inflexible.