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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean<br><br>In addition to learner-internal factors CLKs' understanding of pragmatic resistance and the social ties they were able to draw from were important. Researchers from TS and ZL for instance were able to cite their local professor relationship as a key factor in their decision to stay clear of criticising a strict prof (see examples 2).<br><br>This article reviews all local pragmatic research on Korean published up to 2020. It focuses on practical core topics such as:<br><br>Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs)<br><br>The discourse completion test (DCT) is widely used in research that is based on pragmatic principles. It has many advantages but it also has some disadvantages. The DCT is one example. It cannot account cultural and individual differences. The DCT can also be biased and lead to overgeneralizations. Therefore, it should be analyzed carefully before using it for research or assessment purposes.<br><br>Despite its limitations the DCT can be a useful tool to investigate the relationship between prosody, information structure, and non-native speakers. Its ability to manipulate social variables that affect the manner of speaking in two or more steps could be a benefit. This can assist researchers study the role of prosody in communication across cultural contexts, which is a major issue in cross-cultural pragmatics.<br><br>In the field linguistics, DCT is one of the most effective tools used for analyzing communication behaviors of learners. It can be used to examine various issues that include politeness, turn-taking, and lexical choices. It can be used to assess the level of phonological sophistication in learners speaking.<br><br>A recent study used the DCT to assess EFL students' ability to resist. Participants were presented with a range of scenarios to choose from and then asked to select the most appropriate response. The researchers discovered that the DCT to be more efficient than other methods of refusal like videos or questionnaires. However, the researchers cautioned that the DCT should be employed with caution and include other types of methods for collecting data.<br><br>DCTs can be developed using specific linguistic criteria, such as form and content. These criteria are based on intuition and are based on the assumptions of the test developers. They aren't always correct, and they could be misleading about the way ELF learners actually reject requests in actual interactions. This issue requires further research on different methods of assessing refusal competence.<br><br>In a recent research study, DCT responses to student inquiries via email were compared to those from an oral DCT. The results showed that the DCT was more direct and traditionally form-based requests and made a less frequent use of hints than email data did.<br><br>Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)<br><br>This study examined Chinese learners' pragmatic choices when using Korean. It employed a variety of experimental tools such as Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions, and Refusal Interviews. Participants were 46 CLKs of upper-intermediate proficiency who gave responses to MQs and DCTs. They were also asked to provide reflections on their assessments and  프라그마틱 무료 ([https://opensocialfactory.com/story18253060/10-facts-about-pragmatic-image-that-will-instantly-put-you-in-a-good-mood Opensocialfactory.Com]) their refusals to participate in RIs. The results showed that CLKs frequently chose to resist native Korean pragmatic norms, and that their choices were influenced by four primary factors that included their identities, their multilingual identities, ongoing life histories, and relationship benefits. These findings have implications for pedagogy for L2 Korean assessment.<br><br>The MQ data was analyzed first to identify the participants' actual choices. The data were categorized according to Ishihara's (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the responses were compared with their linguistic performance in DCTs to determine if they reflected pragmatic resistance or not. Additionally, the participants were asked to justify their choice of pragmatic behavior in a specific situation.<br><br>The results of the MQs, DCTs and z-tests were analysed using descriptive statistics and Z tests. The CLKs were discovered to use euphemistic terms such as "sorry" or "thank you". This is likely due to their lack of familiarity with the target languages, leading to an insufficient understanding of the korean pragmatic norms. The results revealed that CLKs' preference to diverge from L1 and 2 norms or to be more convergent toward L1 differed based on the DCT situations. In the scenarios 3 and 12 CLKs preferred diverging from both L1pragmatic norms and L2 norms, while in Situation 14 CLKs favored convergence to L1 norms.<br><br>The RIs showed that CLKs were aware of their logical resistance to every DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-to-one basis within two days of the participants completing the MQs. The RIs were transcribed and recorded by two coders independent of each other and then coded. The coding process was iterative by the coders, re-reading and discussing each transcript. The results of coding were evaluated against the original RI transcripts, which provided an indication of how the RIs captured the underlying pragmatic behaviors.<br><br>Refusal Interviews (RIs)<br><br>The central issue in research on pragmatics is: Why do certain learners refuse to accept native-speaker norms? Recent research has attempted to answer this question with various experiments, including DCTs MQs and RIs. The participants comprised 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. They were asked to complete the DCTs in their first language and to complete the MQs either in their L1 or L2. They were then invited to an RI where they were asked to reflect and discuss their responses to each DCT situation.<br><br>The results showed that on average, the CLKs disapproved of native-speaker pragmatic norms in over 40% of their responses. They did this even though they were able to produce patterns that resembled natives. They were aware of their practical resistance. They attributed their decisions to learner-internal factors such as their identities, personalities and multilingual identities as well as ongoing lives. They also mentioned external factors, like relational benefits. For instance, they discussed how their relationships with professors led to an easier performance in relation to the intercultural and linguistic norms of their university.<br><br>However, the interviewees also expressed concern about the social pressures and penalties that they could face if they flouted their social norms. They were concerned that their native counterparts may view them as "foreigners" and think they were unintelligent. This is similar to that expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).<br><br>These findings suggest that native-speakers pragmatic norms aren't the norm for Korean learners. They may remain useful as a model for official Korean proficiency tests. Future researchers should consider reassessing the validity of these tests in different cultural contexts and specific situations. This will allow them to better understand the effects of different cultural environments on the classroom behavior and interactions of students in L2. This will also aid educators create better methods for teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi is principal advisor to Stratways Group, a geopolitical risk consultancy based out of Seoul.<br><br>Case Studies<br><br>The case study method is an investigative strategy that relies on participant-centered, deep studies to study a specific subject. It is a method that uses various sources of information to back up the findings, such as interviews and observations,  [https://wavesocialmedia.com/story3786268/10-wrong-answers-for-common-pragmatic-free-slots-questions-do-you-know-the-right-answers 프라그마틱 무료 슬롯버프] [https://7prbookmarks.com/story18313494/searching-for-inspiration-try-looking-up-pragmatic-recommendations 프라그마틱 슬롯 사이트] 팁 ([https://bookmarkingfeed.com/story18239662/10-things-you-learned-in-kindergarden-that-will-help-you-with-pragmatic-korea read the full info here]) documents, and artifacts. This kind of research is ideal for studying specific or complex subjects that are difficult to measure using other methods.<br><br>In a case study the first step is to clearly define both the subject and the goals of the study. This will allow you to determine what aspects of the subject must be investigated and which aspects can be left out. It is also useful to study the research to gain a broad knowledge of the subject and put the issue in a wider theoretical context.<br><br>This case study was built on an open-source platform called the KMMLU Leaderboard [50] and its Korean-specific benchmarks HyperCLOVA X and LDCC Solar (figure 1 below). The results of this experiment showed that L2 Korean learners were particularly vulnerable to the influence of native models. They tended to select wrong answer choices that were literal interpretations of prompts, which were not based on the correct pragmatic inference. They also exhibited an unnatural tendency to add their own text, or "garbage," to their responses, further reducing their response quality.<br><br>Moreover, the participants of this case study were L2 Korean learners who had attained level 4 in the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) at their second or third year at university and were aiming for level 6 for their next test. They were required to answer questions regarding their WTC/SPCC, as well as understanding and pragmatic awareness.<br><br>Interviewees were presented with two scenarios that involved interaction with their co-workers and asked to choose one of the strategies below to use when making a demand. They were then asked to explain the reasons behind their decision. The majority of participants attributed their pragmatist opposition to their personality. TS, for example said she was difficult to approach and refused to inquire about her interlocutor's well-being when they had a heavy work load, even though she thought native Koreans would.