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What is Free Evolution?<br><br>Free evolution is the concept that natural processes can cause organisms to develop over time. This includes the creation of new species and the transformation of the appearance of existing ones.<br><br>This is evident in numerous examples of stickleback fish species that can be found in salt or fresh water, and walking stick insect species that prefer particular host plants. These are mostly reversible traits can't, however, explain fundamental changes in body plans.<br><br>Evolution by Natural Selection<br><br>Scientists have been fascinated by the evolution of all living creatures that inhabit our planet for centuries. Charles Darwin's natural selectivity is the best-established explanation. This process occurs when individuals who are better-adapted have more success in reproduction and survival than those who are less well-adapted. Over time, the population of well-adapted individuals grows and eventually creates a new species.<br><br>Natural selection is a process that is cyclical and involves the interaction of 3 factors that are: reproduction, variation and inheritance. Sexual reproduction and mutation increase genetic diversity in the species. Inheritance refers the transmission of a person's genetic characteristics, which includes recessive and dominant genes to their offspring. Reproduction is the generation of fertile, viable offspring which includes both sexual and asexual methods.<br><br>All of these elements must be in balance for natural selection to occur. For instance when the dominant allele of the gene allows an organism to live and reproduce more often than the recessive allele the dominant allele will be more prominent within the population. If the allele confers a negative advantage to survival or decreases the fertility of the population, it will disappear. The process is self-reinforcing meaning that an organism with an adaptive trait will live and reproduce more quickly than one with a maladaptive characteristic. The more fit an organism is, measured by its ability reproduce and survive, is the greater number of offspring it produces. People with desirable characteristics, such as having a long neck in giraffes, or bright white patterns on male peacocks are more likely than others to live and reproduce which eventually leads to them becoming the majority.<br><br>Natural selection is only an aspect of populations and not on individuals. This is a significant distinction from the Lamarckian theory of evolution which states that animals acquire traits through use or disuse. For example, if a animal's neck is lengthened by reaching out to catch prey, its offspring will inherit a longer neck. The length difference between generations will continue until the neck of the giraffe becomes so long that it can no longer breed with other giraffes.<br><br>Evolution through Genetic Drift<br><br>Genetic drift occurs when alleles of the same gene are randomly distributed within a population. Eventually, one of them will reach fixation (become so common that it is unable to be eliminated through natural selection) and other alleles will fall to lower frequencies. This could lead to a dominant allele in extreme. The other alleles are essentially eliminated and heterozygosity has diminished to zero. In a small group this could result in the total elimination of recessive alleles. This scenario is called the bottleneck effect. It is typical of the evolutionary process that occurs whenever a large number individuals migrate to form a population.<br><br>A phenotypic  bottleneck can also occur when the survivors of a disaster like an outbreak or mass hunt event are confined to a small area. The survivors will carry a dominant allele and thus will have the same phenotype. This could be caused by war, earthquake or even a cholera outbreak. The genetically distinct population, if left vulnerable to genetic drift.<br><br>Walsh Lewens and Ariew use a "purely outcome-oriented" definition of drift as any deviation from the expected values of differences in fitness. They provide a well-known instance of twins who are genetically identical and have the exact same phenotype and yet one is struck by lightning and dies, while the other lives and reproduces.<br><br>This kind of drift could be crucial in the evolution of an entire species. It is not the only method of evolution. Natural selection is the main alternative, where mutations and migration maintain the phenotypic diversity of a population.<br><br>Stephens asserts that there is a significant difference between treating drift like an actual cause or force, and treating other causes such as migration and selection as causes and forces. He argues that a causal-process account of drift allows us separate it from other forces, and this distinction is crucial. He argues further that drift has both direction, i.e., it tends to eliminate heterozygosity. It also has a size which is determined by population size.<br><br>Evolution by Lamarckism<br><br>Students of biology in high school are often exposed to Jean-Baptiste lamarck's (1744-1829) work. His theory of evolution, commonly referred to as "Lamarckism" which means that simple organisms evolve into more complex organisms through inheriting characteristics that result from the use and abuse of an organism. Lamarckism can be demonstrated by the giraffe's neck being extended to reach higher leaves in the trees. This could cause the necks of giraffes that are longer to be passed onto their offspring who would then become taller.<br><br>Lamarck, a French Zoologist, introduced an innovative idea in his opening lecture at the Museum of Natural History of Paris. He challenged the traditional thinking about organic transformation. According Lamarck, living organisms evolved from inanimate materials by a series of gradual steps. Lamarck was not the only one to suggest that this could be the case, but his reputation is widely regarded as giving the subject its first general and comprehensive treatment.<br><br>The dominant story is that Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection and Lamarckism fought in the 19th Century. Darwinism eventually triumphed and led to the creation of what biologists now call the Modern Synthesis. The theory argues the possibility that acquired traits can be inherited and instead argues that organisms evolve through the selective action of environmental factors, such as natural selection.<br><br>While Lamarck supported the notion of inheritance through acquired characters, and  [https://troitsk.mavlad.ru/bitrix/rk.php?goto=https://evolutionkr.kr/ 에볼루션 바카라 체험] [http://radioklub.senamlibi.cz/odkaz.php?kam=https://evolutionkr.kr/ 에볼루션 바카라 사이트] 사이트, [http://ss.spawn.jp/?wptouch_switch=desktop&redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fevolutionkr.kr%2F Full Content], his contemporaries also offered a few words about this idea, it was never a central element in any of their evolutionary theories. This is partly because it was never tested scientifically.<br><br>It's been more than 200 years since Lamarck was born and in the age genomics, there is a large amount of evidence that supports the heritability of acquired traits. This is often called "neo-Lamarckism" or, more often epigenetic inheritance. It is a variant of evolution that is just as relevant as the more popular neo-Darwinian model.<br><br>Evolution by adaptation<br><br>One of the most common misconceptions about evolution is that it is driven by a sort of struggle for  [https://crossstitch.pro/bitrix/redirect.php?goto=https://evolutionkr.kr/ 에볼루션 게이밍] survival. This is a false assumption and overlooks other forces that drive evolution. The fight for survival is better described as a fight to survive in a certain environment. This can include not just other organisms, but also the physical environment itself.<br><br>Understanding the concept of adaptation is crucial to understand evolution. It is a feature that allows living organisms to survive in its environment and reproduce. It could be a physical structure, like fur or feathers. Or it can be a trait of behavior, like moving towards shade during hot weather, or escaping the cold at night.<br><br>An organism's survival depends on its ability to obtain energy from the environment and to interact with other organisms and their physical environments. The organism must have the right genes to create offspring, and must be able to find sufficient food and other resources. Furthermore, the organism needs to be capable of reproducing in a way that is optimally within its environment.<br><br>These factors, together with gene flow and mutations can cause a shift in the proportion of different alleles in the gene pool of a population. Over time, this change in allele frequency can result in the emergence of new traits and ultimately new species.<br><br>Many of the characteristics we find appealing in plants and animals are adaptations. For example the lungs or gills which extract oxygen from the air, fur and feathers as insulation, long legs to run away from predators and camouflage to conceal. To understand adaptation, it is important to discern between physiological and behavioral characteristics.<br><br>Physiological adaptations, such as thick fur or gills are physical traits, while behavioral adaptations, such as the tendency to seek out friends or to move to shade in hot weather, aren't. In addition, it is important to note that a lack of forethought does not make something an adaptation. Failure to consider the implications of a choice, even if it appears to be rational, may make it unadaptive.