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The Berkeley Evolution Site<br><br>Teachers and students who browse the Berkeley site will find resources to help them understand and teach evolution. The resources are arranged into different learning paths, such as "What did T. rex taste like?"<br><br>Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection explains that over time, animals that are better able to adapt biologically to changing environments do better than those that do not become extinct. Science is concerned with the process of biological evolutionary change.<br><br>What is Evolution?<br><br>The word evolution has many nonscientific meanings. For instance "progress" or "descent with modification." Scientifically, it refers to a changes in the traits of living things (or  에볼루션카지노사이트, [https://git.fuwafuwa.moe/spadeburma49 Https://git.fuwafuwa.moe], species) over time. 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Charles Lyell first used this term in 1833 in his Principles of Geology.<br><br>In the early 1800s, Darwin formulated his theory of evolution and published it in his book On the Origin of Species. It states that all species of organisms have an ancestry that can be determined through fossils and other lines of evidence. This is the current view on evolution, which is supported in many scientific fields that include molecular biology.<br><br>While scientists don't know exactly how organisms evolved however they are sure that the evolution of life on earth is a result of natural selection and genetic drift. People with traits that are advantageous are more likely to survive and reproduce, and these individuals pass their genes on to the next generation. Over time, the gene pool gradually changes and develops into new species.<br><br>Some scientists also use the term"evolution" to refer to large-scale evolutionary changes like the creation of an entirely new species from an ancestral species. Other scientists, such as population geneticists, define evolution more broadly by referring the net change in the frequency of alleles across generations. Both definitions are valid and palatable, but certain scientists argue that allele frequency definitions miss important aspects of the evolution.<br><br>Origins of Life<br><br>A key step in evolution is the development of life. This occurs when living systems begin to develop at the micro level - within cells, for example.<br><br>The origin of life is an important subject in a variety of disciplines, including biology and chemistry. The origin of life is an area that is of immense interest to scientists because it is a challenge to the theory of evolution. It is often described as "the mystery of life" or "abiogenesis."<br><br>Traditionally, the idea that life can emerge from nonliving things is known as spontaneous generation, or "spontaneous evolution." This was a common belief before Louis Pasteur's experiments proved that it was impossible for the emergence of life to occur by an entirely natural process.<br><br>Many scientists still think it is possible to transition from nonliving substances to living ones. The conditions needed for the creation of life are difficult to replicate in a laboratory. This is why researchers investigating the nature of life are also interested in understanding the physical properties of early Earth and other planets.<br><br>The development of life is dependent on a number of complex chemical reactions that are not predicted by the basic physical laws. These include the transformation of long, information-rich molecules (DNA or RNA) into proteins that perform functions, and the replication of these intricate molecules to produce new DNA or sequences of RNA. These chemical reactions are often compared with the chicken-and-egg problem of how life first appeared with the development of DNA/RNA as well as protein-based cell machinery is essential to the birth of life, however, without the appearance of life, the chemical reaction that is the basis for it isn't working.<br><br>Abiogenesis research requires collaboration among scientists from different fields. This includes prebiotic chemists, planet scientists, astrobiologists geophysicists and geologists.<br><br>Evolutionary Changes<br><br>The term "evolution" is typically used to describe the accumulated changes in the genetic traits of a population over time. These changes could be the result of the adaptation to environmental pressures as described in Darwinism.<br><br>This process increases the frequency of genes that offer the advantage of survival for an animal, resulting in an overall change in the appearance of an entire group. The specific mechanisms responsible for these evolutionary changes are mutation and reshuffling of genes in sexual reproduction, and gene flow between populations.<br><br>Natural selection is the process that allows beneficial mutations to become more common. All organisms undergo mutations and reshuffles in their genes. This occurs because, as we've mentioned earlier, those individuals with the beneficial trait tend to have a higher reproduction rate than those with it. Over the course of several generations, this difference in the number of offspring born can result in a gradual shift in the number of advantageous characteristics in a particular population.<br><br>An excellent example is the growing beak size on different species of finches on the Galapagos Islands, which have evolved different shaped beaks to enable them to more easily access food in their new environment. These changes in form and shape can aid in the creation of new organisms.<br><br>The majority of the changes that occur are the result of a single mutation, but occasionally several will happen at the same time. 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A more accurate description of evolution is that it involves a two-step process, involving the independent and often antagonistic forces of natural selection and mutation.<br><br>Origins of Humans<br><br>Modern humans (Homo sapiens) evolved from primates - a species of mammals that also includes gorillas, chimpanzees, and bonobos. The earliest human fossils indicate that our ancestors were bipeds - walking on two legs. Biological and genetic similarities indicate that we have the same ancestry with the chimpanzees. In fact our closest relatives are the chimpanzees of the Pan genus. This includes pygmy as well as bonobos. The last common ancestor between modern humans and chimpanzees was between 8 and 6 million years old.<br><br>Humans have evolved a variety of traits over time including bipedalism, the use of fire, and the development of advanced tools. However, it is only in the last 100,000 years or so that the majority of the important traits that distinguish us from other species have emerged. These include language, a large brain, the capacity to create and utilize complex tools, as well as the ability to adapt to cultural differences.<br><br>Evolution is when genetic changes allow members of the group to better adapt to the environment. This adaptation is driven by natural selection, a process that determines certain traits are favored over other traits. The ones who are better adapted are more likely to pass on their genes to the next generation. This is how all species evolve and the basis of the theory of evolution.<br><br>Scientists refer to this as the "law of natural selection." The law states that species that have a common ancestor, tend to develop similar characteristics over time. This is because those traits allow them to live and reproduce in their environments.<br><br>All organisms possess an molecule called DNA that holds the information necessary to direct their growth. The DNA molecule is composed of base pairs that are spirally arranged around sugar molecules and phosphate molecules. The sequence of bases within each strand determines the phenotype or the individual's unique appearance and behavior. Variations in a population can be caused by mutations and reshufflings in genetic material (known collectively as alleles).<br><br>Fossils from the earliest human species, Homo erectus and Homo neanderthalensis were discovered in Africa, Asia, and Europe. These fossils, despite differences in their appearance, all support the theory of modern humans' origins in Africa. The fossil and genetic evidence suggests that the first humans left Africa and migrated to Asia and Europe.