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What is Free Evolution?<br><br>Free evolution is the notion that natural processes can cause organisms to evolve over time. This includes the emergence and development of new species.<br><br>This has been demonstrated by many examples of stickleback fish species that can thrive in saltwater or fresh water and walking stick insect species that are apprehensive about specific host plants. These reversible traits are not able to explain fundamental changes to the body's basic plans.<br><br>Evolution through Natural Selection<br><br>The evolution of the myriad living creatures on Earth is an enigma that has fascinated scientists for decades. Charles Darwin's natural selectivity is the most well-known explanation. This happens when individuals who are better-adapted are able to reproduce faster and longer than those who are less well-adapted. Over time, a population of well-adapted individuals increases and eventually becomes a new species.<br><br>Natural selection is an ongoing process and involves the interaction of three factors that are: reproduction, variation and inheritance. Variation is caused by mutations and sexual reproduction, both of which increase the genetic diversity of the species. Inheritance refers to the passing of a person's genetic traits to their offspring, which includes both recessive and dominant alleles. Reproduction is the production of viable, fertile offspring, which includes both sexual and asexual methods.<br><br>Natural selection can only occur when all the factors are in balance. For instance when the dominant allele of one gene allows an organism to live and reproduce more frequently than the recessive one, the dominant allele will become more prevalent in the population. But if the allele confers an unfavorable survival advantage or reduces fertility, it will be eliminated from the population. The process is self-reinforced, meaning that an organism that has a beneficial trait is more likely to survive and reproduce than one with an unadaptive trait. The more fit an organism is as measured by its capacity to reproduce and survive,  [https://imoodle.win/wiki/Five_Tools_Everybody_In_The_Evolution_Free_Experience_Industry_Should_Be_Making_Use_Of 에볼루션 슬롯게임] is the more offspring it will produce. People with good traits, such as a longer neck in giraffes and bright white patterns of color in male peacocks are more likely be able to survive and create offspring, which means they will make up the majority of the population over time.<br><br>Natural selection is only an aspect of populations and not on individuals. This is a significant distinction from the Lamarckian theory of evolution, which claims that animals acquire characteristics through use or disuse. If a giraffe expands its neck to catch prey, and the neck becomes longer, then the offspring will inherit this characteristic. The differences in neck size between generations will continue to grow until the giraffe is unable to breed with other giraffes.<br><br>Evolution through Genetic Drift<br><br>In the process of genetic drift, alleles of a gene could attain different frequencies in a group due to random events. At some point, only one of them will be fixed (become common enough to no longer be eliminated through natural selection) and the rest of the alleles will drop in frequency. This can lead to a dominant allele in extreme. The other alleles are essentially eliminated, and heterozygosity decreases to zero. In a small population it could lead to the complete elimination of recessive allele. This is known as the bottleneck effect and is typical of an evolutionary process that occurs when an enormous number of individuals move to form a group.<br><br>A phenotypic 'bottleneck' can also occur when the survivors of a catastrophe like an outbreak or a mass hunting incident are concentrated in a small area. The remaining individuals will be largely homozygous for the dominant allele, which means they will all have the same phenotype and will consequently have the same fitness characteristics. This could be caused by war, earthquakes or even a plague. The genetically distinct population, if it remains vulnerable to genetic drift.<br><br>Walsh Lewens and Ariew employ a "purely outcome-oriented" definition of drift as any departure from the expected values for differences in fitness. They provide the famous case of twins who are genetically identical and share the same phenotype. However, one is struck by lightning and  [https://bathface07.werite.net/10-reasons-that-people-are-hateful-to-evolution-gaming-evolution-gaming 에볼루션 사이트] 카지노 ([https://wifidb.science/wiki/The_3_Most_Significant_Disasters_In_Evolution_Baccarat_Experience_History Wifidb.science]) dies, but the other is able to reproduce.<br><br>This kind of drift can play a crucial part in the evolution of an organism. However, it is not the only way to evolve. Natural selection is the main alternative, in which mutations and migrations maintain the phenotypic diversity in a population.<br><br>Stephens argues that there is a significant distinction between treating drift as a force or as a cause and considering other causes of evolution, such as selection, mutation and migration as forces or causes. Stephens claims that a causal process explanation of drift allows us to distinguish it from other forces, and that this distinction is crucial. He further argues that drift has both an orientation,  [http://www.v0795.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=1444469 에볼루션] i.e., it tends to reduce heterozygosity. It also has a size which is determined based on the size of the population.<br><br>Evolution by Lamarckism<br><br>Biology students in high school are often exposed to Jean-Baptiste lamarck's (1744-1829) work. His theory of evolution, often referred to as "Lamarckism, states that simple organisms transform into more complex organisms inheriting characteristics that are a product of the organism's use and misuse. Lamarckism can be illustrated by a giraffe extending its neck to reach higher levels of leaves in the trees. This would cause the longer necks of giraffes to be passed to their offspring, who would then become taller.<br><br>Lamarck was a French zoologist and, in his opening lecture for his course on invertebrate zoology at the Museum of Natural History in Paris on 17 May 1802, he introduced an original idea that fundamentally challenged the previous understanding of organic transformation. According to Lamarck, living creatures evolved from inanimate matter through a series of gradual steps. Lamarck was not the first to make this claim, but he was widely regarded as the first to give the subject a thorough and general explanation.<br><br>The most popular story is that Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection and Lamarckism were rivals in the 19th Century. Darwinism eventually prevailed, leading to the development of what biologists now refer to as the Modern Synthesis. This theory denies that acquired characteristics can be inherited, and instead, it argues that organisms develop through the selective action of environmental factors, including natural selection.<br><br>Lamarck and his contemporaries endorsed the idea that acquired characters could be passed down to future generations. However, this idea was never a major part of any of their theories about evolution. This is due to the fact that it was never tested scientifically.<br><br>However, it has been more than 200 years since Lamarck was born and, in the age of genomics, there is a large amount of evidence to support the heritability of acquired traits. This is also referred to as "neo Lamarckism", or more generally epigenetic inheritance. It is a form of evolution that is just as valid as the more popular neo-Darwinian model.<br><br>Evolution by adaptation<br><br>One of the most commonly-held misconceptions about evolution is being driven by a struggle to survive. This is a false assumption and ignores other forces driving evolution. The fight for survival can be more accurately described as a struggle to survive in a certain environment. This can be a challenge for not just other living things, but also the physical environment itself.<br><br>Understanding the concept of adaptation is crucial to understand evolution. The term "adaptation" refers to any characteristic that allows a living organism to live in its environment and reproduce. It can be a physical feature, such as feathers or fur. Or it can be a behavior trait, like moving to the shade during hot weather or escaping the cold at night.<br><br>An organism's survival depends on its ability to draw energy from the environment and to interact with other living organisms and their physical surroundings. The organism must possess the right genes to create offspring and to be able to access sufficient food and resources. Moreover, the organism must be able to reproduce itself in a way that is optimally within its niche.<br><br>These factors, along with mutation and gene flow can result in changes in the ratio of alleles (different types of a gene) in a population's gene pool. The change in frequency of alleles can result in the emergence of novel traits and eventually, new species over time.<br><br>Many of the characteristics we admire in plants and animals are adaptations. For instance the lungs or gills which extract oxygen from the air feathers and fur as insulation, long legs to run away from predators and camouflage to conceal. However, a proper understanding of adaptation requires attention to the distinction between behavioral and physiological characteristics.<br><br>Physical traits such as the thick fur and gills are physical characteristics. Behavior adaptations aren't, such as the tendency of animals to seek out companionship or to retreat into the shade during hot temperatures. Furthermore, it is important to understand that lack of planning does not make something an adaptation. In fact, a failure to think about the implications of a decision can render it unadaptable, despite the fact that it may appear to be sensible or even necessary.