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What is Free Evolution?<br><br>Free evolution is the notion that the natural processes of organisms can lead them to evolve over time. This includes the evolution of new species and the change in appearance of existing ones.<br><br>Numerous examples have been offered of this, including different kinds of stickleback fish that can live in fresh or salt water and walking stick insect varieties that favor particular host plants. These mostly reversible trait permutations, however, cannot explain fundamental changes in basic body plans.<br><br>Evolution by Natural Selection<br><br>The development of the myriad living organisms on Earth is an enigma that has fascinated scientists for centuries. The most well-known explanation is that of Charles Darwin's natural selection, a process that occurs when individuals that are better adapted survive and reproduce more successfully than those that are less well adapted. Over time, the population of well-adapted individuals grows and eventually creates an entirely new species.<br><br>Natural selection is a cyclical process that involves the interaction of three elements including inheritance, variation, and reproduction. Sexual reproduction and mutations increase genetic diversity in a species. Inheritance refers to the passing of a person's genetic traits to their offspring which includes both recessive and dominant alleles. Reproduction is the generation of fertile, viable offspring, which includes both asexual and sexual methods.<br><br>All of these factors have to be in equilibrium to allow natural selection to take place. For example when an allele that is dominant at one gene can cause an organism to live and reproduce more often than the recessive allele, the dominant allele will become more prevalent within the population. However, if the allele confers an unfavorable survival advantage or decreases fertility, it will be eliminated from the population. The process is self-reinforcing, which means that the organism with an adaptive trait will live and reproduce much more than those with a maladaptive feature. The greater an organism's fitness which is measured by its ability to reproduce and survive, is the more offspring it can produce. People with good characteristics, such as the long neck of Giraffes, or the bright white patterns on male peacocks, are more likely than others to survive and reproduce and eventually lead to them becoming the majority.<br><br>Natural selection is only an element in the population and not on individuals. This is a significant distinction from the Lamarckian evolution theory which holds that animals acquire traits either through use or lack of use. If a giraffe expands its neck in order to catch prey, and the neck becomes larger, then its offspring will inherit this characteristic. The length difference between generations will continue until the neck of the giraffe becomes too long to not breed with other giraffes.<br><br>Evolution through Genetic Drift<br><br>In the process of genetic drift, alleles at a gene may be at different frequencies in a group by chance events. Eventually, one of them will reach fixation (become so common that it can no longer be removed by natural selection), while other alleles will fall to lower frequencies. In the extreme, this leads to a single allele dominance. The other alleles are essentially eliminated, and heterozygosity is reduced to zero. In a small number of people it could result in the complete elimination of the recessive gene. This is known as the bottleneck effect and is typical of an evolutionary process that occurs whenever the number of individuals migrate to form a population.<br><br>A phenotypic  bottleneck may also occur when survivors of a disaster such as an outbreak or a mass hunting event are concentrated in a small area. The surviving individuals will be mostly homozygous for the dominant allele meaning that they all have the same phenotype and will consequently have the same fitness traits. This can be caused by war,  [http://218.28.28.186:17423/evolution7355 에볼루션바카라] earthquakes,  [http://gitlab.qu-in.com/evolution3020 에볼루션 슬롯] or even plagues. The genetically distinct population, if it is left, could be susceptible to genetic drift.<br><br>Walsh Lewens, Walsh, and Ariew define drift as a deviation from the expected values due to differences in fitness. They give a famous example of twins that are genetically identical, share the exact same phenotype and yet one is struck by lightening and dies while the other lives and reproduces.<br><br>This kind of drift could be vital to the evolution of a species. But, it's not the only way to progress. Natural selection is the primary alternative, where mutations and migrations maintain the phenotypic diversity in a population.<br><br>Stephens claims that there is a big distinction between treating drift as a force or an underlying cause, and treating other causes of evolution such as mutation,  [http://120.77.213.139:3389/evolution8437 에볼루션사이트] selection, and  [https://git.xjtustei.nteren.net/evolution0670 에볼루션 바카라 사이트] 바카라 무료체험 ([https://git.nothamor.com:3000/evolution0611/carroll2011/wiki/10-Quick-Tips-About-Evolution-Baccarat-Free just click the up coming article]) migration as forces or causes. Stephens claims that a causal process model of drift allows us to differentiate it from other forces and this distinction is essential. He further argues that drift has direction, i.e., it tends to eliminate heterozygosity. It also has a size, which is determined by the size of the population.<br><br>Evolution by Lamarckism<br><br>Biology students in high school are frequently exposed to Jean-Baptiste lamarck's (1744-1829) work. His theory of evolution is commonly referred to as "Lamarckism" and it states that simple organisms develop into more complex organisms by the inheritance of characteristics that result from the natural activities of an organism,  [https://git.chuangxin1.com/evolution8690 에볼루션 바카라 무료] use and disuse. Lamarckism is typically illustrated with an image of a giraffe extending its neck longer to reach leaves higher up in the trees. This would result in giraffes passing on their longer necks to their offspring, which then become taller.<br><br>Lamarck was a French zoologist and, in his inaugural lecture for his course on invertebrate zoology at the Museum of Natural History in Paris on the 17th May 1802, he presented a groundbreaking concept that radically challenged previous thinking about organic transformation. In his opinion living things evolved from inanimate matter through a series of gradual steps. Lamarck was not the only one to suggest that this might be the case, but his reputation is widely regarded as having given the subject its first general and comprehensive treatment.<br><br>The prevailing story is that Lamarckism grew into a rival to Charles Darwin's theory of evolutionary natural selection and both theories battled out in the 19th century. Darwinism ultimately prevailed and led to what biologists call the Modern Synthesis. The Modern Synthesis theory denies the possibility that acquired traits can be inherited, and instead, it argues that organisms develop through the action of environmental factors, including natural selection.<br><br>While Lamarck believed in the concept of inheritance by acquired characters and his contemporaries spoke of this idea but it was not a central element in any of their evolutionary theories. This is partly due to the fact that it was never validated scientifically.<br><br>However, it has been more than 200 years since Lamarck was born and in the age genomics there is a vast amount of evidence to support the heritability of acquired traits. This is also referred to as "neo Lamarckism", or more often epigenetic inheritance. This is a version that is as valid as the popular Neodarwinian model.<br><br>Evolution by Adaptation<br><br>One of the most widespread misconceptions about evolution is that it is driven by a sort of struggle for survival. In fact, this view is inaccurate and overlooks the other forces that drive evolution. The struggle for existence is better described as a struggle to survive in a certain environment. This may include not only other organisms, but also the physical surroundings themselves.<br><br>To understand how evolution functions it is important to think about what adaptation is. Adaptation refers to any particular characteristic that allows an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment. It can be a physical structure like fur or feathers. Or it can be a characteristic of behavior that allows you to move towards shade during hot weather or coming out to avoid the cold at night.<br><br>The survival of an organism is dependent on its ability to draw energy from the surrounding environment and interact with other living organisms and their physical surroundings. The organism must have the right genes to create offspring and be able find enough food and resources. The organism should also be able reproduce at an amount that is appropriate for its specific niche.<br><br>These factors, together with gene flow and mutations, can lead to a shift in the proportion of different alleles within a population’s gene pool. Over time, this change in allele frequencies could result in the emergence of new traits and ultimately new species.<br><br>Many of the characteristics we admire in plants and animals are adaptations. For example the lungs or gills which extract oxygen from air, fur and feathers as insulation long legs to run away from predators and camouflage to conceal. To comprehend adaptation it is essential to discern between physiological and behavioral characteristics.<br><br>Physical characteristics like thick fur and gills are physical characteristics. Behavioral adaptations are not like the tendency of animals to seek companionship or move into the shade in hot weather. It is also important to keep in mind that the absence of planning doesn't result in an adaptation. Failure to consider the implications of a choice even if it seems to be rational, may cause it to be unadaptive.