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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean<br><br>In addition to learner-internal influences CLKs' awareness of their own resistance to change and the social ties they were able to draw from were significant. For instance the RIs from TS and ZL both cited their local professor relationships as a significant factor in their pragmatic choice to not criticize a strict professor (see example 2).<br><br>This article examines all local pragmatic research on Korean published until 2020. It focuses on the practical important topics such as:<br><br>Discourse Construction Tests<br><br>The discourse completion test is a commonly used tool in the field of pragmatic research. It has numerous advantages, but also some disadvantages. The DCT, for example, does not take into account individual and cultural differences. The DCT can also be biased and can lead to overgeneralizations. It is essential to analyze it carefully before it is used for research or evaluation.<br><br>Despite its limitations, the DCT is a valuable tool for analyzing the relationship between prosody, information structure and non-native speakers. The ability to alter social variables relevant to the manner of speaking in two or more steps can be a strength. This characteristic can be utilized to study the effect of prosody in different cultural contexts.<br><br>In the field linguistics, DCT is among the most effective tools used to analyze the communication habits of learners. It can be used to investigate a variety of issues such as politeness, turn-taking, and lexical choice. It can be used to evaluate the level of phonological sophistication in learners' speech.<br><br>A recent study employed a DCT to assess EFL students' refusal skills. Participants were presented with various scenarios and asked to choose the appropriate response from the options provided. The authors found the DCT to be more efficient than other methods of refusal like videos or questionnaires. However, the researchers cautioned that the DCT should be used with caution and include other data collection methods.<br><br>DCTs can be developed using specific requirements for linguistics, such as design and content. These criteria are based on intuition and are based on the assumptions of the test creators. They are not always precise and could misrepresent how ELF learners respond to requests in real-world interactions. This issue calls for more study on alternative methods for testing refusal competence.<br><br>A recent study examined DCT responses to requests submitted by students via email with those gathered from an oral DCT. The results showed that DCTs preferred more direct and conventionally-indirect requests and utilized less hints than email data.<br><br>Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)<br><br>This study examined Chinese learners' pragmatic choices when it comes to using Korean by using a range of experimental tools, including Discourse Completion Tasks (DCTs) as well as metapragmatic questionnaires and Refusal Interviews (RIs). Participants were 46 CLKs at the upper-intermediate who participated in MQs, DCTs, and RIs. They were also required to provide reflections on their evaluations and their refusals to participate in RIs. The results revealed that CLKs frequently chose to resist native Korean pragmatism norms. Their choices were influenced by four factors that included their personalities and multilingual identities, their ongoing lives, as well as their relationship affordances. These findings have pedagogical implications for L2 Korean assessment.<br><br>The MQ data was analyzed in order to determine the participants' choices in practice. The data were classified according to Ishihara's (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, we compared their choices made by the participants with their linguistic performance on DCTs to determine if they were a sign of a pragmatic resistance. Interviewees also had to explain why they chose the pragmatic approach in certain situations.<br><br>The results of the MQs, DCTs and z-tests were analysed using descriptive statistics and z tests. The CLKs were found to use euphemistic terms such as "sorry" or "thank you". This is likely due to their lack of experience with the target languages, which led to an insufficient knowledge of korean's pragmatic norms. The results showed that the CLKs' preference for converging to L1 or dissociating from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms differed based on the DCT situations. In the scenarios 3 and 12 CLKs preferred diverging from both L1pragmatic norms and L2 norms, while in Situation 14 CLKs favored convergence to L1 norms.<br><br>The RIs revealed that CLKs were aware of their practical resistance to each DCT situation. RIs were conducted on a one-to-one basis within a period of two days of the participants completing the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribed by two coders independent of each other, were then coded. The coding was an iterative process, in which the coders listened and discussed each transcript. The results of coding are compared with the original RI transcripts to determine how well they reflected the actual behavior.<br><br>Refusal Interviews (RIs)<br><br>The central question in pragmatic research is: Why do some learners choose not to accept native-speaker norms? Recent research sought to answer this question by using a variety of experimental tools, including DCTs MQs and RIs. Participants included 46 CLKs and 44 CNSs from five Korean Universities. They were asked to complete the DCTs in their native language and to complete the MQs in either their L1 or L2. Then, they were invited to attend a RI where they were asked to consider their responses to the DCT situations.<br><br>The results showed that, on average, the CLKs disapproved of the pragmatic norms of native speakers in more than 40% of their answers. They did this despite the fact that they could create native-like patterns. They were also conscious of their own pragmatism. They attributed their resistance to learner-internal factors like their identities and personalities as well as multilingual identities. They also referred external factors, like relationship affordances. For instance, they discussed how their relationships with professors led to an easier performance with respect to the intercultural and linguistic rules of their university.<br><br>The interviewees expressed concerns about the social pressures or consequences they could face when their social norms were not followed. They were concerned that their native counterparts might perceive them as "foreigners" and think they were unintelligent. This worry was similar to the concerns expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).<br><br>These findings suggest that native-speakers pragmatic norms aren't the preferred norm for Korean learners. 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Additionally it will assist educators to create more effective methods for teaching and testing the korea's pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risks consultancy.<br><br>Case Studies<br><br>The case study method is a research strategy that utilizes in-depth, participant-centered investigations to study a specific subject. This method makes use of multiple data sources like interviews, observations and documents to support its findings. This type of investigation is useful for examining complicated or unique subjects which are difficult to assess with other methods.<br><br>The first step in conducting a case study is to clearly define the subject and the goals of the study. This will allow you to determine what aspects of the subject should be studied and which ones can be skipped. It is also helpful to study the literature that is relevant to the subject to gain a broad understanding of the subject and place the case within a wider theoretical framework.<br><br>This case study was based on an open source platform, the KMMLU leaderboard [50] and its specific benchmarks for Korea, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the experiment showed that L2 Korean students were extremely vulnerable to native models. They were more likely to select incorrect answer choices that were literal interpretations of prompts, deviating from accurate pragmatic inference. They also exhibited a strong tendency to add their own text, or "garbage," to their responses, further detracting from the quality of their responses.<br><br>Moreover, the participants of this case study were L2 Korean learners who had achieved level 4 on the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) at the end of their second or third year at university and  프라그마틱 플레이 ([https://pragmatickr64208.blogs-service.com/61436900/10-facts-about-pragmatic-authenticity-verification-that-will-instantly-put-you-in-an-optimistic-mood Pragmatickr64208.Blogs-Service.Com]) were hoping to achieve level 6 on their next attempt. They were asked questions regarding their WTC/SPCC, pragmatic awareness and understanding and knowledge of the world.<br><br>The interviewees were given two scenarios, each involving an imaginary interaction with their interlocutors and were asked to select one of the following strategies to use when making a request. They were then asked to provide the reasons behind their decision. The majority of participants attributed their lack of a pragmatic response to their personalities. TS for instance, claimed that she was difficult to talk to and refused to inquire about her interlocutor's well-being when they were working at a high rate, even though she thought native Koreans would.