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What is Free Evolution?<br><br>Free evolution is the idea that natural processes can lead to the development of organisms over time. This includes the emergence and development of new species.<br><br>A variety of examples have been provided of this, such as different varieties of stickleback fish that can live in salt or fresh water, and walking stick insect varieties that are attracted to particular host plants. These are mostly reversible traits, however, cannot explain fundamental changes in body plans.<br><br>Evolution through Natural Selection<br><br>The development of the myriad living creatures on Earth is a mystery that has intrigued scientists for centuries. The most widely accepted explanation is Charles Darwin's natural selection process, a process that occurs when individuals that are better adapted survive and reproduce more successfully than those that are less well-adapted. As time passes, the number of individuals who are well-adapted grows and eventually forms an entirely new species.<br><br>Natural selection is an ongoing process and involves the interaction of 3 factors that are: reproduction, variation and inheritance. Mutation and sexual reproduction increase the genetic diversity of an animal species. Inheritance is the passing of a person's genetic characteristics to their offspring that includes recessive and dominant alleles. Reproduction is the process of creating fertile, viable offspring. This can be achieved by both asexual or sexual methods.<br><br>All of these variables must be in balance for natural selection to occur. If, for example an allele of a dominant gene allows an organism to reproduce and live longer than the recessive allele The dominant allele becomes more prevalent in a population. If the allele confers a negative advantage to survival or lowers the fertility of the population, it will disappear. The process is self-reinforcing, which means that an organism that has a beneficial trait is more likely to survive and reproduce than one with an inadaptive trait. The higher the level of fitness an organism has, measured by its ability reproduce and survive, is the greater number of offspring it will produce. Individuals with favorable traits, like a long neck in Giraffes, or the bright white patterns on male peacocks, are more likely than others to survive and reproduce, which will eventually lead to them becoming the majority.<br><br>Natural selection only affects populations, not on individuals. This is a major distinction from the Lamarckian theory of evolution that states that animals acquire traits either through use or lack of use. For instance, if the Giraffe's neck grows longer due to reaching out to catch prey its offspring will inherit a more long neck. The difference in neck size between generations will continue to grow until the giraffe becomes unable to breed with other giraffes.<br><br>Evolution by Genetic Drift<br><br>In genetic drift, the alleles of a gene could reach different frequencies within a population through random events. At some point, one will attain fixation (become so common that it is unable to be eliminated by natural selection),  [http://antenna.wakshin.com/wp-content/themes/antena_ri/ss/c_counter.php?&c_id=1824331&url=https://evolutionkr.kr/ 에볼루션 슬롯] 룰렛 ([http://www.hmtu.edu.vn/Transfer.aspx?url=https%3a%2f%2fevolutionkr.kr%2F%2f http://www.hmtu.edu.vn/Transfer.aspx?Url=https://Evolutionkr.Kr//]) while the other alleles drop to lower frequency. This can result in dominance in the extreme. The other alleles are eliminated, and heterozygosity decreases to zero. In a small number of people, this could lead to the complete elimination of recessive alleles. This scenario is known as a bottleneck effect and it is typical of evolutionary process when a lot of individuals move to form a new population.<br><br>A phenotypic 'bottleneck' can also occur when the survivors of a disaster such as an outbreak or mass hunt event are concentrated in the same area. The survivors will share an allele that is dominant and will have the same phenotype. This may be caused by war, earthquake or even a cholera outbreak. Regardless of the cause, the genetically distinct population that remains is susceptible to genetic drift.<br><br>Walsh, Lewens and Ariew define drift as a departure from expected values due to differences in fitness. They provide a well-known instance of twins who are genetically identical, have identical phenotypes but one is struck by lightning and dies, while the other lives and reproduces.<br><br>This kind of drift can play a crucial role in the evolution of an organism. But, it's not the only way to develop. The most common alternative is to use a process known as natural selection, where phenotypic variation in an individual is maintained through mutation and migration.<br><br>Stephens asserts that there is a huge difference between treating the phenomenon of drift as a force or cause, and considering other causes, such as migration and selection as causes and forces. He argues that a causal-process account of drift allows us differentiate it from other forces, and this distinction is crucial. He also claims that drift has a direction, that is, it tends to eliminate heterozygosity. It also has a magnitude, which is determined by the size of the population.<br><br>Evolution by Lamarckism<br><br>Biology students in high school are frequently introduced to Jean-Baptiste Lemarck's (1744-1829) work. His theory of evolution, also referred to as "Lamarckism" which means that simple organisms develop into more complex organisms adopting traits that result from an organism's use and disuse. Lamarckism is typically illustrated by a picture of a giraffe extending its neck further to reach the higher branches in the trees. This would result in giraffes passing on their longer necks to their offspring, who would then become taller.<br><br>Lamarck, a French Zoologist from France, presented an innovative idea in his 17 May 1802 opening lecture at the Museum of Natural History of Paris. He challenged conventional wisdom on organic transformation. According to him, living things had evolved from inanimate matter through a series of gradual steps. Lamarck was not the first to suggest that this could be the case but he is widely seen as being the one who gave the subject its first broad and comprehensive analysis.<br><br>The predominant story is that Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection and Lamarckism were rivals during the 19th century. Darwinism ultimately won, leading to what biologists call the Modern Synthesis. The theory argues that acquired characteristics can be inherited and instead, it argues that organisms develop through the selective action of environmental factors, such as natural selection.<br><br>While Lamarck supported the notion of inheritance by acquired characters and his contemporaries paid lip-service to this notion but it was not an integral part of any of their evolutionary theories. This is partly due to the fact that it was never tested scientifically.<br><br>It's been over 200 years since the birth of Lamarck and in the field of age genomics, there is a growing evidence-based body of evidence to support the heritability-acquired characteristics. This is also referred to as "neo Lamarckism", or more often epigenetic inheritance. It is a form of evolution that is just as valid as the more well-known Neo-Darwinian theory.<br><br>Evolution through the process of adaptation<br><br>One of the most common misconceptions about evolution is being driven by a fight for survival. This is a false assumption and overlooks other forces that drive evolution. The fight for survival can be more effectively described as a struggle to survive within a particular environment, which may be a struggle that involves not only other organisms, but also the physical environment itself.<br><br>To understand how evolution operates it is important to consider what adaptation is. It refers to a specific feature that allows an organism to survive and reproduce within its environment. It could be a physical structure, such as feathers or fur. Or it can be a characteristic of behavior, like moving towards shade during the heat, or moving out to avoid the cold at night.<br><br>The survival of an organism is dependent on its ability to draw energy from the surrounding environment and interact with other living organisms and their physical surroundings. The organism should possess the right genes for producing offspring and be able find enough food and resources. The organism must be able to reproduce itself at the rate that is suitable for its specific niche.<br><br>These factors, in conjunction with mutations and gene flow can cause a shift in the proportion of different alleles in a population’s gene pool. As time passes, this shift in allele frequencies can lead to the emergence of new traits, and eventually new species.<br><br>Many of the characteristics we admire about animals and  [https://www.jobfluent.com/locales?lcl=es&redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fevolutionkr.kr%2F 에볼루션 무료 바카라] 카지노 ([https://abcmarket.kz/bitrix/redirect.php?event1=click_to_call&event2=&event3=&goto=https://evolutionkr.kr/ please click the next page]) plants are adaptations, such as the lungs or gills that extract oxygen from the air,  [https://voa.bizbi.ru/bitrix/rk.php?goto=https://evolutionkr.kr/ 에볼루션 게이밍] feathers or  [http://vtb-leasing.com/bitrix/rk.php?goto=https://evolutionkr.kr/ 에볼루션 무료체험] fur for insulation, long legs for running away from predators and camouflage to hide. However, a thorough understanding of adaptation requires paying attention to the distinction between physiological and behavioral characteristics.<br><br>Physical characteristics like large gills and thick fur are physical traits. Behavior adaptations aren't an exception, for instance, the tendency of animals to seek companionship or move into the shade in hot temperatures. In addition it is important to note that a lack of thought does not mean that something is an adaptation. A failure to consider the implications of a choice even if it appears to be logical, can make it inflexible.