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What is Free Evolution?<br><br>Free evolution is the notion that the natural processes that organisms go through can cause them to develop over time. This includes the emergence and development of new species.<br><br>This has been demonstrated by many examples, including stickleback fish varieties that can live in fresh or saltwater and walking stick insect types that prefer specific host plants. These reversible traits, however, cannot be the reason for fundamental changes in body plans.<br><br>Evolution through Natural Selection<br><br>The development of the myriad of living creatures on Earth is an enigma that has fascinated scientists for decades. Charles Darwin's natural selectivity is the most well-known explanation. 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Inheritance is the term used to describe the transmission of genetic characteristics, which includes both dominant and recessive genes and their offspring. Reproduction is the process of generating fertile, viable offspring. This can be achieved through sexual or asexual methods.<br><br>All of these elements have to be in equilibrium to allow natural selection to take place. For example, if the dominant allele of the gene can cause an organism to live and reproduce more frequently than the recessive allele the dominant allele will become more prevalent within the population. If the allele confers a negative survival advantage or reduces the fertility of the population, it will be eliminated. This process is self-reinforcing meaning that the organism with an adaptive characteristic will live and reproduce more quickly than one with a maladaptive characteristic. The higher the level of fitness an organism has, measured by its ability reproduce and endure, is the higher number of offspring it will produce. Individuals with favorable characteristics, such as the long neck of giraffes, or bright white color patterns on male peacocks are more likely than others to live and reproduce and eventually lead to them becoming the majority.<br><br>Natural selection is only a force for populations, not individual organisms. This is a major distinction from the Lamarckian theory of evolution, which states that animals acquire characteristics by use or inactivity. For example, if a animal's neck is lengthened by reaching out to catch prey, its offspring will inherit a more long neck. The difference in neck length between generations will continue until the neck of the giraffe becomes so long that it can no longer breed with other giraffes.<br><br>Evolution through Genetic Drift<br><br>In the process of genetic drift, alleles within a gene can be at different frequencies within a population by chance events. At some point, only one of them will be fixed (become common enough that it can no longer be eliminated by natural selection), and the other alleles will decrease in frequency. In extreme cases, this leads to one allele dominance. The other alleles are virtually eliminated and heterozygosity been reduced to a minimum. In a small group this could result in the total elimination of recessive alleles. This scenario is called the bottleneck effect and is typical of an evolutionary process that occurs when a large number individuals migrate to form a group.<br><br>A phenotypic  bottleneck may also occur when the survivors of a disaster like an outbreak or a mass hunting incident are concentrated in a small area. The survivors will have a dominant allele and thus will have the same phenotype. This can be caused by earthquakes, war or even a plague. Whatever the reason, the genetically distinct population that remains is susceptible to genetic drift.<br><br>Walsh Lewens, Walsh, and Ariew define drift as a deviation from expected values due to differences in fitness. They provide a well-known instance of twins who are genetically identical, have identical phenotypes, but one is struck by lightning and dies, while the other lives and reproduces.<br><br>This kind of drift can be very important in the evolution of the species. But, it's not the only method to develop. Natural selection is the primary alternative, in which mutations and migrations maintain phenotypic diversity within the population.<br><br>Stephens argues that there is a big difference between treating the phenomenon of drift as a force, or a cause and considering other causes of evolution like mutation, selection and migration as forces or causes. He argues that a causal mechanism account of drift allows us to distinguish it from other forces, and that this distinction is crucial. He also argues that drift is both a direction, i.e., it tends towards eliminating heterozygosity. It also has a size, which is determined based on the size of the population.<br><br>Evolution by Lamarckism<br><br>When students in high school study biology, they are often introduced to the work of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744 - 1829). His theory of evolution is commonly referred to as "Lamarckism" and it states that simple organisms develop into more complex organisms through the inherited characteristics that are a result of the organism's natural actions, use and disuse. Lamarckism is usually illustrated with a picture of a giraffe extending its neck to reach the higher branches in the trees. This process would result in giraffes passing on their longer necks to their offspring, who then become taller.<br><br>Lamarck the French Zoologist from France, presented an innovative idea in his opening lecture at the Museum of Natural History of Paris. He challenged traditional thinking about organic transformation. According Lamarck, living organisms evolved from inanimate materials through a series gradual steps. Lamarck was not the only one to suggest that this could be the case but his reputation is widely regarded as being the one who gave the subject its first general and comprehensive treatment.<br><br>The dominant story is that Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection and Lamarckism fought in the 19th century. Darwinism eventually prevailed and led to the development of what biologists today call the Modern Synthesis. The theory denies that acquired characteristics are passed down from generation to generation and instead, it claims that organisms evolve through the selective action of environment factors, including Natural Selection.<br><br>While Lamarck supported the notion of inheritance by acquired characters, and his contemporaries also offered a few words about this idea however, it was not a central element in any of their evolutionary theories. This is partly due to the fact that it was never tested scientifically.<br><br>It has been more than 200 year since Lamarck's birth, and in the age genomics, there is a growing evidence-based body of evidence to support the heritability of acquired traits. This is also referred to as "neo Lamarckism", or more generally epigenetic inheritance. This is a version that is as reliable as the popular Neodarwinian model.<br><br>Evolution through the process of adaptation<br><br>One of the most common misconceptions about evolution is that it is driven by a type of struggle for survival. This view misrepresents natural selection and ignores the other forces that determine the rate of evolution. The fight for survival can be more precisely described as a fight to survive within a particular environment, which can involve not only other organisms, but also the physical environment itself.<br><br>To understand how evolution works it is important to consider what adaptation is. It is a feature that allows a living thing to survive in its environment and reproduce. It can be a physical structure, such as feathers or fur. It could also be a characteristic of behavior that allows you to move into the shade during the heat,  [https://historydb.date/wiki/Evolution_Free_Experience_11_Thing_Youre_Forgetting_To_Do 에볼루션 바카라] 코리아 ([https://davidpickle84.bravejournal.net/its-the-one-evolution-free-baccarat-trick-every-person-should-learn hop over to this web-site]) or escaping the cold at night.<br><br>The survival of an organism depends on its ability to extract energy from the environment and interact with other organisms and their physical environments. The organism must possess the right genes for producing offspring and be able find sufficient food and resources. Moreover, the organism must be capable of reproducing in a way that is optimally within its niche.<br><br>These factors, in conjunction with mutations and gene flow can cause an alteration in the ratio of different alleles within the gene pool of a population. The change in frequency of alleles could lead to the development of new traits and eventually new species as time passes.<br><br>A lot of the traits we appreciate in animals and plants are adaptations. For instance the lungs or gills which extract oxygen from air, fur and feathers as insulation, long legs to run away from predators and camouflage for hiding. However, a complete understanding of adaptation requires attention to the distinction between the physiological and behavioral traits.<br><br>Physical characteristics like the thick fur and gills are physical traits. Behavior adaptations aren't, such as the tendency of animals to seek out companionship or to retreat into the shade in hot weather. It is also important to remember that a insufficient planning does not result in an adaptation. A failure to consider the consequences of a decision, even if it appears to be rational, may make it unadaptive.