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The Academy's Evolution Site<br><br>Biological evolution is a central concept in biology. The Academies are involved in helping those interested in science to comprehend the evolution theory and how it is permeated throughout all fields of scientific research.<br><br>This site offers a variety of sources for students, teachers and general readers of evolution. It has key video clips from NOVA and the WGBH-produced science programs on DVD.<br><br>Tree of Life<br><br>The Tree of Life, an ancient symbol, represents the interconnectedness of all life. It is a symbol of love and harmony in a variety of cultures. It has numerous practical applications as well, such as providing a framework for understanding the history of species and how they respond to changes in environmental conditions.<br><br>Early attempts to represent the world of biology were built on categorizing organisms based on their physical and metabolic characteristics. These methods, which depend on the sampling of different parts of organisms or short DNA fragments have greatly increased the diversity of a Tree of Life2. These trees are mostly populated by eukaryotes, and bacteria are largely underrepresented3,4.<br><br>Genetic techniques have significantly expanded our ability to represent the Tree of Life by circumventing the need for direct observation and experimentation. In particular, molecular methods enable us to create trees using sequenced markers like the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene.<br><br>Despite the rapid growth of the Tree of Life through genome sequencing, a lot of biodiversity awaits discovery. This is particularly true for microorganisms that are difficult to cultivate and are typically only found in a single specimen5. Recent analysis of all genomes has produced an unfinished draft of a Tree of Life. This includes a wide range of archaea, bacteria and other organisms that have not yet been isolated or  [https://vidstreamr.com/@evolution0538?page=about 에볼루션사이트] the diversity of which is not well understood6.<br><br>The expanded Tree of Life can be used to evaluate the biodiversity of a specific region and determine if specific habitats require special protection. The information can be used in a variety of ways, from identifying the most effective medicines to combating disease to improving crops. This information is also extremely useful for conservation efforts. It can help biologists identify the areas that are most likely to contain cryptic species with important metabolic functions that may be at risk of anthropogenic changes. While funding to protect biodiversity are important, the most effective method to preserve the biodiversity of the world is to equip more people in developing countries with the knowledge they need to act locally and promote conservation.<br><br>Phylogeny<br><br>A phylogeny is also known as an evolutionary tree, illustrates the connections between different groups of organisms. Scientists can create a phylogenetic diagram that illustrates the evolution of taxonomic categories using molecular information and morphological differences or similarities. Phylogeny is essential in understanding evolution, biodiversity and genetics.<br><br>A basic phylogenetic Tree (see Figure PageIndex 10 Determines the relationship between organisms that have similar characteristics and have evolved from an ancestor  [https://christianmissingrib.com/@evolution5215 바카라 에볼루션]코리아 ([http://jenkins.stormindgames.com/evolution1958 you can try this out]) with common traits. These shared traits are either homologous or analogous. Homologous traits are the same in terms of their evolutionary path. Analogous traits may look like they are, but they do not have the same origins. Scientists organize similar traits into a grouping known as a the clade. For example, all of the organisms that make up a clade have the characteristic of having amniotic eggs and evolved from a common ancestor who had these eggs. A phylogenetic tree can be built by connecting the clades to determine the organisms who are the closest to each other. <br><br>Scientists utilize DNA or RNA molecular information to build a phylogenetic chart that is more precise and precise. This information is more precise and  [https://jobs.360career.org/employer/evolution-korea/ 에볼루션 코리아] 카지노 - [https://market.pk/profile/evolution0400 visit the following internet page], gives evidence of the evolutionary history of an organism. Researchers can utilize Molecular Data to estimate the evolutionary age of living organisms and discover the number of organisms that share a common ancestor.<br><br>The phylogenetic relationship can be affected by a number of factors that include the phenomenon of phenotypicplasticity. This is a kind of behaviour that can change as a result of particular environmental conditions. This can cause a characteristic to appear more similar to one species than other species, which can obscure the phylogenetic signal. This problem can be mitigated by using cladistics, which is a an amalgamation of homologous and analogous traits in the tree.<br><br>Additionally, phylogenetics aids determine the duration and rate of speciation. This information will assist conservation biologists in making decisions about which species to protect from disappearance. It is ultimately the preservation of phylogenetic diversity which will lead to an ecosystem that is complete and balanced.<br><br>Evolutionary Theory<br><br>The fundamental concept in evolution is that organisms change over time as a result of their interactions with their environment. Several theories of evolutionary change have been developed by a variety of scientists, including the Islamic naturalist Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (1201-1274) who envisioned an organism developing gradually according to its requirements as well as the Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) who conceived the modern hierarchical taxonomy, as well as Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829) who suggested that the use or misuse of traits cause changes that could be passed on to offspring.<br><br>In the 1930s and 1940s, theories from various fields, including genetics, natural selection and particulate inheritance--came together to form the current synthesis of evolutionary theory, which defines how evolution happens through the variations of genes within a population and how those variations change over time due to natural selection. This model, known as genetic drift mutation, gene flow, and sexual selection, is a key element of the current evolutionary biology and can be mathematically described.<br><br>Recent discoveries in the field of evolutionary developmental biology have shown that variations can be introduced into a species through genetic drift, mutation, and reshuffling genes during sexual reproduction, as well as through migration between populations. These processes, in conjunction with others such as directionally-selected selection and erosion of genes (changes to the frequency of genotypes over time) can lead to evolution. Evolution is defined by changes in the genome over time as well as changes in phenotype (the expression of genotypes in an individual).<br><br>Students can gain a better understanding of the concept of phylogeny by using evolutionary thinking into all areas of biology. In a study by Grunspan and co. It was found that teaching students about the evidence for evolution increased their understanding of evolution during an undergraduate biology course. To find out more about how to teach about evolution, look up The Evolutionary Potential of all Areas of Biology and Thinking Evolutionarily A Framework for Infusing the Concept of Evolution into Life Sciences Education.<br><br>Evolution in Action<br><br>Traditionally, scientists have studied evolution by looking back, studying fossils, comparing species and observing living organisms. But evolution isn't a thing that occurred in the past; it's an ongoing process, taking place in the present. The virus reinvents itself to avoid new antibiotics and bacteria transform to resist antibiotics. Animals alter their behavior because of the changing environment. The changes that result are often evident.<br><br>It wasn't until late 1980s that biologists understood that natural selection can be observed in action as well. The key is the fact that different traits can confer a different rate of survival and reproduction, and they can be passed on from one generation to another.<br><br>In the past, if a certain allele - the genetic sequence that determines colour - appeared in a population of organisms that interbred, it could become more common than other allele. In time, this could mean that the number of moths with black pigmentation may increase. The same is true for many other characteristics--including morphology and behavior--that vary among populations of organisms.<br><br>It is easier to see evolutionary change when a species, such as bacteria, has a rapid generation turnover. Since 1988, Richard Lenski, a biologist, has been tracking twelve populations of E.coli that descend from a single strain. The samples of each population have been taken regularly and more than 500.000 generations of E.coli have been observed to have passed.<br><br>Lenski's research has revealed that mutations can drastically alter the speed at the rate at which a population reproduces, and consequently the rate at which it alters. It also shows that evolution takes time, a fact that some are unable to accept.<br><br>Another example of microevolution is the way mosquito genes for resistance to pesticides appear more frequently in areas in which insecticides are utilized. This is due to pesticides causing an enticement that favors those who have resistant genotypes.<br><br>The rapidity of evolution has led to an increasing appreciation of its importance, especially in a world shaped largely by human activity. This includes pollution, climate change, and habitat loss that prevents many species from adapting. Understanding evolution can help us make smarter decisions regarding the future of our planet, and the lives of its inhabitants.