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The Academy's Evolution Site<br><br>The concept of biological evolution is among the most central concepts in biology. The Academies have been for a long time involved in helping those interested in science understand the theory of evolution and how it permeates all areas of scientific research.<br><br>This site provides teachers, students and general readers with a range of educational resources on evolution. It includes key video clip from NOVA and WGBH produced science programs on DVD.<br><br>Tree of Life<br><br>The Tree of Life, an ancient symbol, represents the interconnectedness of all life. It is a symbol of love and harmony in a variety of cultures. It also has important practical uses, like providing a framework to understand the history of species and how they react to changing environmental conditions.<br><br>The first attempts at depicting the biological world focused on categorizing organisms into distinct categories which had been distinguished by physical and metabolic characteristics1. These methods, which rely on the sampling of various parts of living organisms or on sequences of short fragments of their DNA, greatly increased the variety of organisms that could be included in a tree of life2. However, these trees are largely made up of eukaryotes. Bacterial diversity is still largely unrepresented3,4.<br><br>In avoiding the necessity of direct observation and experimentation, genetic techniques have enabled us to depict the Tree of Life in a much more accurate way. Trees can be constructed using molecular techniques, such as the small-subunit ribosomal gene.<br><br>The Tree of Life has been significantly expanded by genome sequencing. However there is still a lot of diversity to be discovered. This is especially true of microorganisms, which can be difficult to cultivate and are usually only present in a single sample5. Recent analysis of all genomes resulted in an unfinished draft of the Tree of Life. This includes a wide range of bacteria, archaea and other organisms that haven't yet been isolated, or the diversity of which is not well understood6.<br><br>The expanded Tree of Life can be used to determine the diversity of a specific region and determine if certain habitats need special protection. This information can be utilized in a variety of ways, such as finding new drugs, battling diseases and enhancing crops. It is also useful for conservation efforts. It can help biologists identify areas that are most likely to have cryptic species, which may have important metabolic functions, and could be susceptible to the effects of human activity. While funds to protect biodiversity are important, the best method to preserve the world's biodiversity is to empower more people in developing nations with the necessary knowledge to act locally and promote conservation.<br><br>Phylogeny<br><br>A phylogeny, also called an evolutionary tree, illustrates the connections between groups of organisms. Using molecular data as well as morphological similarities and distinctions, or ontogeny (the process of the development of an organism) scientists can create a phylogenetic tree which illustrates the evolutionary relationship between taxonomic categories. Phylogeny plays a crucial role in understanding biodiversity, genetics and evolution.<br><br>A basic phylogenetic Tree (see Figure PageIndex 10 ) is a method of identifying the relationships between organisms that share similar traits that have evolved from common ancestral. These shared traits may be homologous, or analogous. Homologous traits are similar in their evolutionary origins and analogous traits appear like they do, but don't have the same origins. Scientists group similar traits together into a grouping known as a the clade. Every organism in a group have a common trait, such as amniotic egg production. They all derived from an ancestor who had these eggs. A phylogenetic tree is then constructed by connecting clades to identify the species that are most closely related to one another. <br><br>To create a more thorough and accurate phylogenetic tree scientists make use of molecular data from DNA or RNA to determine the relationships among organisms. This information is more precise and gives evidence of the evolution of an organism. Molecular data allows researchers to identify the number of organisms that have an ancestor common to them and estimate their evolutionary age.<br><br>The phylogenetic relationship can be affected by a number of factors that include the phenomenon of phenotypicplasticity. This is a kind of behavior that alters due to specific environmental conditions. This can cause a trait to appear more similar in one species than another, clouding the phylogenetic signal. This problem can be addressed by using cladistics, which is a the combination of homologous and analogous traits in the tree.<br><br>Additionally,  [https://clinfowiki.win/wiki/Post:Why_Free_Evolution_Is_Relevant_2024 바카라 에볼루션] phylogenetics can help predict the duration and rate at which speciation occurs. This information will assist conservation biologists in making decisions about which species to save from extinction. In the end, it's the preservation of phylogenetic diversity that will result in an ecologically balanced and complete ecosystem.<br><br>Evolutionary Theory<br><br>The central theme in evolution is that organisms change over time due to their interactions with their environment. Many theories of evolution have been developed by a wide range of scientists, including the Islamic naturalist Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (1201-1274) who proposed that a living organism develop slowly according to its needs and needs, the Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) who developed the modern hierarchical taxonomy, as well as Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829) who suggested that the use or non-use of traits can cause changes that could be passed onto offspring.<br><br>In the 1930s and 1940s, concepts from a variety of fields--including genetics, natural selection, and  [https://humanlove.stream/wiki/How_Evolution_Roulette_Was_Able_To_Become_The_No1_Trend_In_Social_Media 에볼루션 사이트] particulate inheritance--came together to form the modern synthesis of evolutionary theory, which defines how evolution is triggered by the variations of genes within a population and how those variants change over time due to natural selection. This model, which is known as genetic drift mutation, gene flow and sexual selection, is a cornerstone of current evolutionary biology, and can be mathematically explained.<br><br>Recent developments in evolutionary developmental biology have demonstrated the ways in which variation can be introduced to a species via genetic drift,  [https://www.metooo.it/u/67675e00b4f59c1178cfb241 에볼루션 무료 바카라] mutations and reshuffling of genes during sexual reproduction and the movement between populations. These processes, along with others like directional selection and genetic erosion (changes in the frequency of the genotype over time), can lead to evolution, which is defined by changes in the genome of the species over time, and also the change in phenotype over time (the expression of that genotype in the individual).<br><br>Students can better understand phylogeny by incorporating evolutionary thinking throughout all areas of biology. In a study by Grunspan and co. It was demonstrated that teaching students about the evidence for evolution increased their understanding of evolution in an undergraduate biology course. For more details about how to teach evolution read The Evolutionary Potential in all Areas of Biology or Thinking Evolutionarily: a Framework for Integrating Evolution into Life Sciences Education.<br><br>Evolution in Action<br><br>Traditionally scientists have studied evolution by studying fossils, comparing species, and studying living organisms. But evolution isn't just something that happened in the past, it's an ongoing process, happening right now. Bacteria mutate and resist antibiotics, viruses evolve and are able to evade new medications and animals change their behavior to the changing climate. The resulting changes are often visible.<br><br>But it wasn't until the late 1980s that biologists understood that natural selection can be observed in action as well. The key is that different traits confer different rates of survival and reproduction (differential fitness) and can be passed from one generation to the next.<br><br>In the past, if one allele - the genetic sequence that determines colour was found in a group of organisms that interbred, it could be more common than other allele. Over time, that would mean the number of black moths within the population could increase. The same is true for many other characteristics--including morphology and behavior--that vary among populations of organisms.<br><br>Observing evolutionary change in action is easier when a species has a rapid generation turnover, as with bacteria. Since 1988, biologist Richard Lenski has been tracking twelve populations of E. coli that descended from a single strain; samples from each population are taken regularly, and over 50,000 generations have now been observed.<br><br>Lenski's research has revealed that mutations can drastically alter the rate at the rate at which a population reproduces, and consequently the rate at which it evolves. It also proves that evolution is slow-moving, a fact that many find difficult to accept.<br><br>Another example of microevolution is that mosquito genes for resistance to pesticides are more prevalent in populations in which insecticides are utilized. This is due to the fact that the use of pesticides creates a pressure that favors people who have resistant genotypes.<br><br>The rapidity of evolution has led to a greater awareness of its significance particularly in a world shaped largely by human activity. This includes climate change, pollution, and  [https://telegra.ph/10-Tips-For-Getting-The-Most-Value-From-Evolution-Gaming-12-21 무료 에볼루션] 게이밍 - [https://opensourcebridge.science/wiki/10_Situations_When_Youll_Need_To_Be_Aware_Of_Evolution_Gaming Opensourcebridge.science] - habitat loss that prevents many species from adapting. Understanding the evolution process can help us make better decisions about the future of our planet and the lives of its inhabitants.