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What is Free Evolution?<br><br>Free evolution is the idea that natural processes can cause organisms to develop over time. This includes the appearance and development of new species.<br><br>A variety of examples have been provided of this, including various kinds of stickleback fish that can live in salt or fresh water, and walking stick insect varieties that are attracted to particular host plants. These reversible traits however, are not able to be the reason for fundamental changes in body plans.<br><br>Evolution through Natural Selection<br><br>Scientists have been fascinated by the evolution of all the living creatures that inhabit our planet for centuries. The most widely accepted explanation is Darwin's natural selection process, an evolutionary process that occurs when individuals that are better adapted survive and reproduce more effectively than those who are less well-adapted. Over time, a population of well-adapted individuals expands and eventually becomes a new species.<br><br>Natural selection is an ongoing process that is characterized by the interaction of three elements that are inheritance, variation and reproduction. Variation is caused by mutations and sexual reproduction both of which increase the genetic diversity of the species. Inheritance is the transfer of a person's genetic characteristics to the offspring of that person, which includes both recessive and dominant alleles. Reproduction is the process of producing fertile, viable offspring. This can be achieved via sexual or asexual methods.<br><br>All of these elements have to be in equilibrium to allow natural selection to take place. For example the case where an allele that is dominant at one gene can cause an organism to live and reproduce more often than the recessive allele the dominant allele will be more common within the population. If the allele confers a negative survival advantage or lowers the fertility of the population, it will be eliminated. The process is self-reinforcing, which means that an organism that has an adaptive trait will survive and reproduce much more than those with a maladaptive feature. The higher the level of fitness an organism has, measured by its ability reproduce and survive, is the greater number of offspring it will produce. People with desirable traits, such as longer necks in giraffes or bright white colors in male peacocks are more likely survive and have offspring, so they will make up the majority of the population over time.<br><br>Natural selection is a factor in populations and not on individuals. This is an important distinction from the Lamarckian theory of evolution,  [http://pikzebra.ru/bitrix/redirect.php?goto=https://evolutionkr.kr/ 에볼루션바카라] which argues that animals acquire characteristics by use or inactivity. For example, if a giraffe's neck gets longer through stretching to reach for prey its offspring will inherit a more long neck. The differences in neck size between generations will increase until the giraffe becomes unable to breed with other giraffes.<br><br>Evolution by Genetic Drift<br><br>In genetic drift, the alleles of a gene could attain different frequencies within a population due to random events. Eventually, only one will be fixed (become common enough to no longer be eliminated by natural selection), and the other alleles will decrease in frequency. In the extreme it can lead to one allele dominance. Other alleles have been basically eliminated and heterozygosity has diminished to zero. In a small group this could lead to the complete elimination of the recessive gene. This scenario is called the bottleneck effect. It is typical of an evolution process that occurs when the number of individuals migrate to form a population.<br><br>A phenotypic  bottleneck can also occur when survivors of a disaster like an outbreak or mass hunt event are confined to an area of a limited size. The surviving individuals will be largely homozygous for the dominant allele which means they will all share the same phenotype, and consequently share the same fitness characteristics. This can be caused by war, earthquakes or even plagues. The genetically distinct population,  [https://www.jaypaulphoto.com/?location=https%3A%2F%2Fevolutionkr.kr%2F 에볼루션 슬롯] 바카라 체험 ([http://freestuffdirect.net/gotourl.php?link=https://evolutionkr.kr/ http://Freestuffdirect.net]) if it is left vulnerable to genetic drift.<br><br>Walsh Lewens, Walsh, and Ariew define drift as a deviation from the expected value due to differences in fitness. They provide a well-known example of twins that are genetically identical, have identical phenotypes and yet one is struck by lightening and dies while the other lives and reproduces.<br><br>This kind of drift can play a very important role in the evolution of an organism. This isn't the only method of evolution. The primary alternative is to use a process known as natural selection, in which the phenotypic diversity of a population is maintained by mutation and  [https://corkstyle-e.com/bitrix/redirect.php?goto=https://evolutionkr.kr/ 에볼루션 슬롯] migration.<br><br>Stephens claims that there is a big difference between treating drift as a force or as a cause and considering other causes of evolution like mutation, selection and migration as causes or causes. He claims that a causal-process explanation of drift lets us differentiate it from other forces, and this distinction is crucial. He further argues that drift has a direction, that is it tends to reduce heterozygosity, and that it also has a magnitude, which is determined by the size of population.<br><br>Evolution through Lamarckism<br><br>When students in high school study biology they are often introduced to the work of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744 - 1829). His theory of evolution is commonly called "Lamarckism" and it asserts that simple organisms evolve into more complex organisms through the inheritance of traits that are a result of the natural activities of an organism use and misuse. Lamarckism is typically illustrated with a picture of a giraffe that extends its neck further to reach the higher branches in the trees. This process would result in giraffes passing on their longer necks to offspring, who then get taller.<br><br>Lamarck the French Zoologist from France, presented an innovative idea in his 17 May 1802 opening lecture at the Museum of Natural History of Paris. He challenged the previous thinking on organic transformation. According to Lamarck, living things evolved from inanimate materials through a series gradual steps. Lamarck wasn't the only one to propose this however he was widely regarded as the first to give the subject a comprehensive and general treatment.<br><br>The prevailing story is that Lamarckism grew into an opponent to Charles Darwin's theory of evolution through natural selection, and that the two theories fought out in the 19th century. Darwinism eventually triumphed, leading to the development of what biologists call the Modern Synthesis. The theory denies that acquired characteristics can be passed down through generations and instead argues organisms evolve by the selective influence of environmental factors, such as Natural Selection.<br><br>Lamarck and his contemporaries endorsed the notion that acquired characters could be passed on to the next generation. However, this idea was never a key element of any of their theories about evolution. This is due in part to the fact that it was never tested scientifically.<br><br>But it is now more than 200 years since Lamarck was born and in the age genomics, there is a large amount of evidence that supports the heritability of acquired characteristics. This is referred to as "neo Lamarckism", or more often epigenetic inheritance. It is a variant of evolution that is just as valid as the more well-known neo-Darwinian model.<br><br>Evolution by Adaptation<br><br>One of the most popular misconceptions about evolution is that it is being driven by a struggle to survive. In reality, this notion misrepresents natural selection and ignores the other forces that are driving evolution. The fight for survival is more accurately described as a struggle to survive in a specific environment. This may include not just other organisms, but also the physical environment itself.<br><br>To understand how evolution works it is beneficial to understand what is adaptation. Adaptation refers to any particular feature that allows an organism to live and reproduce within its environment. It can be a physical structure, like feathers or fur. It could also be a trait of behavior that allows you to move towards shade during hot weather or moving out to avoid the cold at night.<br><br>The capacity of a living thing to extract energy from its environment and interact with other organisms as well as their physical environment, is crucial to its survival. The organism should possess the right genes to create offspring, and be able to find enough food and resources. In addition, the organism should be able to reproduce itself at a high rate within its environmental niche.<br><br>These elements, along with mutations and gene flow can result in an alteration in the ratio of different alleles within a population’s gene pool. The change in frequency of alleles can lead to the emergence of novel traits and eventually, new species as time passes.<br><br>A lot of the traits we admire in animals and plants are adaptations, such as the lungs or gills that extract oxygen from the air, feathers or fur to provide insulation and long legs for running away from predators and camouflage for hiding. To understand adaptation it is crucial to discern between physiological and behavioral characteristics.<br><br>Physiological adaptations, such as the thick fur or gills are physical traits,  [http://ozerskadm.ru/bitrix/redirect.php?event1=catalog_out&event2=%2Fupload%2Fiblock%2F191%2F1914838fa3066cda41b12921d9bcb3d2.Doc&event3=resh156_19-09-2012.Doc&goto=https%3A%2F%2Fevolutionkr.kr%2F 에볼루션 바카라 무료체험] while behavioral adaptations, like the desire to find friends or to move to shade in hot weather, aren't. It is important to keep in mind that insufficient planning does not make an adaptation. In fact, failing to consider the consequences of a behavior can make it unadaptive even though it may appear to be reasonable or even essential.