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The Academy's Evolution Site<br><br>Biology is one of the most fundamental concepts in biology. The Academies have been active for a long time in helping those interested in science comprehend the concept of evolution and how it influences all areas of scientific exploration.<br><br>This site provides students,  [https://www.hulkshare.com/plowjoin5/ 에볼루션 무료 바카라] teachers and general readers with a wide range of educational resources on evolution. It also includes important video clips from NOVA and WGBH produced science programs on DVD.<br><br>Tree of Life<br><br>The Tree of Life, an ancient symbol, represents the interconnectedness of all life. It is used in many spiritual traditions and cultures as an emblem of unity and love. It has many practical applications as well, such as providing a framework to understand the history of species, and how they respond to changes in environmental conditions.<br><br>Early attempts to represent the world of biology were built on categorizing organisms based on their metabolic and physical characteristics. These methods, which rely on sampling of different parts of living organisms or  [https://bbs.sanesoft.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=560135 에볼루션 바카라사이트] on small fragments of their DNA significantly expanded the diversity that could be represented in the tree of life2. However, these trees are largely comprised of eukaryotes, and bacterial diversity is still largely unrepresented3,4.<br><br>Genetic techniques have greatly broadened our ability to represent the Tree of Life by circumventing the need for direct observation and experimentation. We can create trees using molecular methods, such as the small-subunit ribosomal gene.<br><br>Despite the massive expansion of the Tree of Life through genome sequencing, much biodiversity still remains to be discovered. This is especially true of microorganisms that are difficult to cultivate and are typically only present in a single specimen5. A recent study of all genomes known to date has produced a rough draft of the Tree of Life, including numerous bacteria and archaea that have not been isolated and which are not well understood.<br><br>The expanded Tree of Life is particularly useful for assessing the biodiversity of an area, helping to determine whether specific habitats require protection. The information can be used in a range of ways, from identifying the most effective treatments to fight disease to improving the quality of crops. This information is also beneficial for conservation efforts. It can help biologists identify areas that are likely to be home to species that are cryptic, which could perform important metabolic functions and  [https://yogicentral.science/wiki/20_Insightful_Quotes_On_Evolution_Free_Experience 에볼루션 무료 바카라]게이밍 ([http://bioimagingcore.be/q2a/user/denimflute9 bioimagingcore.be]) are susceptible to the effects of human activity. While funds to safeguard biodiversity are vital, ultimately the best way to preserve the world's biodiversity is for more people living in developing countries to be empowered with the knowledge to act locally to promote conservation from within.<br><br>Phylogeny<br><br>A phylogeny (also called an evolutionary tree) illustrates the relationship between different organisms. Using molecular data similarities and  [http://79bo3.com/space-uid-8891450.html 무료 에볼루션] differences in morphology or ontogeny (the process of the development of an organism), scientists can build a phylogenetic tree which illustrates the evolutionary relationships between taxonomic groups. Phylogeny plays a crucial role in understanding biodiversity, genetics and evolution.<br><br>A basic phylogenetic Tree (see Figure PageIndex 10 Identifies the relationships between organisms that have similar traits and evolved from an ancestor that shared traits. These shared traits could be homologous, or analogous. Homologous characteristics are identical in terms of their evolutionary path. Analogous traits might appear like they are however they do not have the same ancestry. Scientists put similar traits into a grouping referred to as a clade. For example, all of the organisms in a clade share the characteristic of having amniotic egg and evolved from a common ancestor which had eggs. A phylogenetic tree is then constructed by connecting clades to identify the organisms which are the closest to one another. <br><br>To create a more thorough and accurate phylogenetic tree scientists make use of molecular data from DNA or RNA to determine the connections between organisms. This data is more precise than morphological data and gives evidence of the evolutionary history of an organism or group. Researchers can use Molecular Data to determine the evolutionary age of organisms and determine how many organisms have an ancestor common to all.<br><br>The phylogenetic relationships between organisms can be influenced by several factors, including phenotypic flexibility, a type of behavior that alters in response to specific environmental conditions. This can cause a trait to appear more similar in one species than other species, which can obscure the phylogenetic signal. This problem can be mitigated by using cladistics. This is a method that incorporates an amalgamation of analogous and homologous features in the tree.<br><br>Additionally, phylogenetics can help predict the length and speed of speciation. This information can aid conservation biologists to decide the species they should safeguard from extinction. In the end, it's the conservation of phylogenetic diversity that will lead to an ecosystem that is balanced and complete.<br><br>Evolutionary Theory<br><br>The main idea behind evolution is that organisms change over time as a result of their interactions with their environment. Many scientists have proposed theories of evolution, including the Islamic naturalist Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (1201-274) who believed that an organism could evolve according to its own requirements and needs, the Swedish taxonomist Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) who conceived the modern hierarchical system of taxonomy as well as Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1844-1829), who suggested that the use or non-use of certain traits can result in changes that are passed on to the next generation.<br><br>In the 1930s and 1940s, ideas from different fields, such as natural selection, genetics &amp; particulate inheritance, were brought together to form a contemporary evolutionary theory. This describes how evolution happens through the variation of genes in the population, and how these variations change with time due to natural selection. This model, which is known as genetic drift or mutation, gene flow and sexual selection, is a cornerstone of modern evolutionary biology and can be mathematically explained.<br><br>Recent discoveries in the field of evolutionary developmental biology have shown that genetic variation can be introduced into a species through mutation, genetic drift and reshuffling of genes during sexual reproduction, as well as through the movement of populations. These processes, as well as other ones like directional selection and genetic erosion (changes in the frequency of the genotype over time), can lead to evolution that is defined as change in the genome of the species over time, and also by changes in phenotype as time passes (the expression of that genotype in the individual).<br><br>Students can better understand the concept of phylogeny through incorporating evolutionary thinking in all aspects of biology. In a study by Grunspan and co. It was demonstrated that teaching students about the evidence for evolution increased their acceptance of evolution during the course of a college biology. For more details about how to teach evolution read The Evolutionary Potential in All Areas of Biology or Thinking Evolutionarily A Framework for Infusing Evolution into Life Sciences Education.<br><br>Evolution in Action<br><br>Scientists have traditionally studied evolution through looking back in the past, analyzing fossils and comparing species. They also observe living organisms. But evolution isn't just something that occurred in the past; it's an ongoing process that is happening today. Bacteria evolve and resist antibiotics, viruses reinvent themselves and elude new medications and animals change their behavior in response to a changing planet. The changes that occur are often apparent.<br><br>It wasn't until late 1980s that biologists understood that natural selection could be observed in action as well. The reason is that different traits confer different rates of survival and reproduction (differential fitness) and are passed from one generation to the next.<br><br>In the past, if a certain allele - the genetic sequence that determines color - was present in a population of organisms that interbred, it could become more common than other allele. In time, this could mean the number of black moths in the population could increase. The same is true for many other characteristics--including morphology and behavior--that vary among populations of organisms.<br><br>Observing evolutionary change in action is easier when a species has a fast generation turnover, as with bacteria. Since 1988 biologist Richard Lenski has been tracking twelve populations of E. coli that descended from a single strain; samples of each are taken regularly and more than 500.000 generations have passed.<br><br>Lenski's research has shown that a mutation can dramatically alter the rate at which a population reproduces and, consequently the rate at which it alters. It also demonstrates that evolution takes time, a fact that is hard for some to accept.<br><br>Another example of microevolution is how mosquito genes for resistance to pesticides are more prevalent in populations where insecticides are employed. This is due to the fact that the use of pesticides creates a pressure that favors individuals with resistant genotypes.<br><br>The rapidity of evolution has led to an increasing recognition of its importance particularly in a world shaped largely by human activity. This includes pollution, climate change, and habitat loss that prevents many species from adapting. Understanding the evolution process will assist you in making better choices about the future of the planet and its inhabitants.