Editing 5 Reasons Free Evolution Is Actually A Positive Thing

What is Free Evolution?<br><br>Free evolution is the idea that natural processes can lead to the development of organisms over time. This includes the development of new species and alteration of the appearance of existing species.<br><br>This is evident in numerous examples, including stickleback fish varieties that can be found in fresh or saltwater and walking stick insect types that have a preference for particular host plants. These typically reversible traits do not explain the fundamental changes in basic body plans.<br><br>Evolution by Natural Selection<br><br>Scientists have been fascinated by the development of all living organisms that inhabit our planet for ages. Charles Darwin's natural selection theory is the best-established explanation. This process occurs when individuals who are better-adapted are able to reproduce faster and longer than those who are less well-adapted. As time passes, the number of well-adapted individuals becomes larger and eventually forms a new species.<br><br>Natural selection is an ongoing process that involves the interaction of three factors including inheritance, variation, and reproduction. Sexual reproduction and mutation increase the genetic diversity of an animal species. Inheritance is the transfer of a person's genetic characteristics to the offspring of that person, which includes both dominant and recessive alleles. Reproduction is the process of generating viable, fertile offspring. This can be accomplished through sexual or asexual methods.<br><br>Natural selection only occurs when all these elements are in equilibrium. 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The process is self-reinforcing, which means that an organism with a beneficial trait is more likely to survive and  [https://servergit.itb.edu.ec/spidergalley3 에볼루션 코리아] reproduce than one with an inadaptive trait. The more fit an organism is as measured by its capacity to reproduce and survive, is the greater number of offspring it can produce. People with good traits, like longer necks in giraffes or bright white patterns of color in male peacocks are more likely survive and have offspring, which means they will eventually make up the majority of the population in the future.<br><br>Natural selection is only an aspect of populations and not on individuals. This is a major distinction from the Lamarckian theory of evolution that states that animals acquire traits either through usage or inaction. If a giraffe stretches its neck to catch prey, and the neck becomes longer, then its offspring will inherit this trait. The difference in neck length between generations will persist until the giraffe's neck becomes so long that it can not breed with other giraffes.<br><br>Evolution by Genetic Drift<br><br>Genetic drift occurs when the alleles of a gene are randomly distributed in a population. In the end, only one will be fixed (become widespread enough to not more be eliminated through natural selection) and the other alleles will decrease in frequency. In the extreme, this leads to a single allele dominance. The other alleles are eliminated, and heterozygosity falls to zero. In a small group it could lead to the complete elimination of recessive allele. This scenario is called the bottleneck effect and is typical of an evolutionary process that occurs whenever an enormous number of individuals move to form a group.<br><br>A phenotypic 'bottleneck' can also occur when the survivors of a catastrophe such as an outbreak or mass hunt event are confined to an area of a limited size. The survivors will have a dominant allele and thus will have the same phenotype. This can be caused by earthquakes, war or even plagues. The genetically distinct population, if left susceptible to genetic drift.<br><br>Walsh Lewens, Walsh and Ariew define drift as a deviation from the expected values due to differences in fitness. They give a famous example of twins that are genetically identical, share the exact same phenotype and yet one is struck by lightening and dies while the other lives and reproduces.<br><br>This kind of drift can be vital to the evolution of an entire species. It is not the only method for evolution. Natural selection is the most common alternative, in which mutations and migration maintain the phenotypic diversity in a population.<br><br>Stephens argues there is a significant difference between treating drift like an actual cause or force, and treating other causes like selection mutation and migration as causes and forces. Stephens claims that a causal process explanation of drift lets us differentiate it from other forces, and this distinction is crucial. He further argues that drift has both direction, i.e., it tends to eliminate heterozygosity. It also has a size that is determined by population size.<br><br>Evolution by Lamarckism<br><br>In high school, students study biology, they are often introduced to the work of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744 - 1829). His theory of evolution, commonly referred to as "Lamarckism, states that simple organisms evolve into more complex organisms taking on traits that result from the use and abuse of an organism. Lamarckism is usually illustrated with the image of a giraffe stretching its neck to reach leaves higher up in the trees. This process would result in giraffes passing on their longer necks to their offspring, which then get taller.<br><br>Lamarck Lamarck, a French Zoologist from France, presented an innovative idea in his opening lecture at the Museum of Natural History of Paris. He challenged the conventional wisdom on organic transformation. According to Lamarck, living things evolved from inanimate matter through a series of gradual steps. Lamarck wasn't the only one to suggest this, but he was widely regarded as the first to give the subject a comprehensive and general treatment.<br><br>The predominant story is that Charles Darwin's theory on evolution by natural selection and Lamarckism were competing during the 19th century. Darwinism ultimately prevailed and led to what biologists call the Modern Synthesis. The Modern Synthesis theory denies that traits acquired through evolution can be inherited, and instead suggests that organisms evolve by the symbiosis of environmental factors, including natural selection.<br><br>Although Lamarck endorsed the idea of inheritance through acquired characters, and his contemporaries also offered a few words about this idea but it was not a major feature in any of their evolutionary theorizing. This is partly because it was never scientifically validated.<br><br>It's been more than 200 years since the birth of Lamarck, and in the age genomics, there is an increasing evidence-based body of evidence to support the heritability acquired characteristics. This is often referred to as "neo-Lamarckism" or, more commonly, epigenetic inheritance. It is a variant of evolution that is as valid as the more popular neo-Darwinian model.<br><br>Evolution by Adaptation<br><br>One of the most common misconceptions about evolution is being driven by a struggle to survive. This view is inaccurate and ignores other forces driving evolution. The fight for survival is more accurately described as a struggle to survive in a particular environment. This can include not just other organisms but also the physical environment itself.<br><br>To understand how evolution operates, it is helpful to understand what is adaptation. The term "adaptation" refers to any characteristic that allows a living organism to live in its environment and reproduce. It can be a physical structure, like feathers or fur. It could also be a characteristic of behavior that allows you to move to the shade during hot weather or moving out to avoid the cold at night.<br><br>The capacity of an organism to extract energy from its environment and interact with other organisms and their physical environments is essential to its survival. The organism needs to have the right genes to create offspring, and it must be able to locate enough food and other resources. The organism must also be able to reproduce itself at a rate that is optimal for its specific niche.<br><br>These factors, along with mutation and gene flow, lead to a change in the proportion of alleles (different forms of a gene) in the gene pool of a population. This shift in the frequency of alleles could lead to the development of new traits, and eventually, new species over time.<br><br>A lot of the traits we admire in plants and animals are adaptations. For instance lung or gills that extract oxygen from air feathers and fur as insulation, long legs to run away from predators and camouflage to conceal. However, a thorough understanding of adaptation requires paying attention to the distinction between the physiological and behavioral characteristics.<br><br>Physical characteristics like the thick fur and gills are physical characteristics. Behavioral adaptations are not an exception, for instance, the tendency of animals to seek out companionship or move into the shade in hot temperatures. It is important to note that the absence of planning doesn't result in an adaptation. In fact, failure to consider the consequences of a choice can render it ineffective despite the fact that it might appear reasonable or even essential.