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The Academy's Evolution Site<br><br>Biological evolution is a central concept in biology. The Academies have been for a long time involved in helping people who are interested in science understand the concept of evolution and how it affects all areas of scientific exploration.<br><br>This site offers a variety of tools for teachers, students, and general readers on evolution. It has key video clips from NOVA and the WGBH-produced science programs on DVD.<br><br>Tree of Life<br><br>The Tree of Life, an ancient symbol, symbolizes the interconnectedness of all life. It is an emblem of love and unity across many cultures. It has many practical applications as well, such as providing a framework to understand the history of species, and how they react to changing environmental conditions.<br><br>The earliest attempts to depict the world of biology focused on categorizing organisms into distinct categories that were identified by their physical and metabolic characteristics1. These methods, which relied on sampling of different parts of living organisms or small fragments of their DNA, significantly increased the variety that could be included in the tree of life2. These trees are largely composed of eukaryotes, while bacterial diversity is vastly underrepresented3,4.<br><br>By avoiding the necessity for direct observation and experimentation genetic techniques have allowed us to depict the Tree of Life in a more precise manner. Particularly, molecular techniques enable us to create trees by using sequenced markers, such as the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene.<br><br>The Tree of Life has been significantly expanded by genome sequencing. However there is a lot of diversity to be discovered. This is especially true for microorganisms that are difficult to cultivate and are usually present in a single sample5. Recent analysis of all genomes resulted in a rough draft of a Tree of Life. This includes a large number of archaea, bacteria, and other organisms that have not yet been isolated, or  [http://git.acdts.top:3000/evolution6568 에볼루션 게이밍] whose diversity has not been fully understood6.<br><br>The expanded Tree of Life is particularly beneficial in assessing the biodiversity of an area, which can help to determine if certain habitats require special protection. This information can be utilized in a variety of ways, from identifying the most effective treatments to fight disease to enhancing crop yields. This information is also extremely beneficial for conservation efforts. It can help biologists identify the areas most likely to contain cryptic species that could have important metabolic functions that could be at risk of anthropogenic changes. While conservation funds are important, the most effective method to protect the biodiversity of the world is to equip more people in developing countries with the information they require to act locally and promote conservation.<br><br>Phylogeny<br><br>A phylogeny (also known as an evolutionary tree) depicts the relationships between organisms. Using molecular data similarities and differences in morphology, or ontogeny (the process of the development of an organism), scientists can build an phylogenetic tree that demonstrates the evolutionary relationship between taxonomic categories. Phylogeny is crucial in understanding biodiversity,  [http://94.191.73.38:3000/evolution5757 에볼루션 바카라사이트] evolution and genetics.<br><br>A basic phylogenetic Tree (see Figure PageIndex 10 Determines the relationship between organisms with similar characteristics and have evolved from an ancestor with common traits. These shared traits are either analogous or homologous. Homologous traits are similar in their evolutionary origins and analogous traits appear similar but do not have the identical origins. Scientists group similar traits together into a grouping referred to as a Clade. All members of a clade have a common trait, such as amniotic egg production. They all came from an ancestor who had these eggs. A phylogenetic tree can be built by connecting the clades to identify the organisms who are the closest to one another. <br><br>For a more precise and accurate phylogenetic tree, scientists make use of molecular data from DNA or RNA to determine the relationships between organisms. This information is more precise and provides evidence of the evolution history of an organism. The use of molecular data lets researchers determine the number of organisms that share a common ancestor and to estimate their evolutionary age.<br><br>The phylogenetic relationships of a species can be affected by a number of factors that include the phenomenon of phenotypicplasticity. This is a kind of behaviour that can change as a result of unique environmental conditions. This can cause a trait to appear more similar to one species than another, obscuring the phylogenetic signal. However, this issue can be solved through the use of techniques like cladistics, which incorporate a combination of homologous and analogous features into the tree.<br><br>In addition, phylogenetics helps determine the duration and rate of speciation. This information can help conservation biologists decide which species they should protect from extinction. In the end, it's the preservation of phylogenetic diversity that will lead to an ecosystem that is complete and balanced.<br><br>Evolutionary Theory<br><br>The main idea behind evolution is that organisms acquire different features over time due to their interactions with their environment. A variety of theories about evolution have been proposed by a variety of scientists, including the Islamic naturalist Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (1201-1274) who envisioned an organism developing slowly according to its requirements and needs, the Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) who designed the modern hierarchical taxonomy Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829) who suggested that use or disuse of traits cause changes that could be passed on to offspring.<br><br>In the 1930s and 1940s, concepts from various fields, such as natural selection, genetics &amp; particulate inheritance, merged to create a modern evolutionary theory. This defines how evolution occurs by the variations in genes within the population and how these variants change over time as a result of natural selection. This model, which is known as genetic drift, mutation,  [https://onlinelogisticsjobs.com/companies/evolution-korea/ 에볼루션 무료 바카라] gene flow, and sexual selection, is a key element of the current evolutionary biology and is mathematically described.<br><br>Recent developments in the field of evolutionary developmental biology have revealed that genetic variation can be introduced into a species by mutation, genetic drift and reshuffling of genes in sexual reproduction,  [https://getstartupjob.com/employer/evolution-korea/ 에볼루션 바카라 무료] ([https://git.tortuga.quest/evolution9113/jefferey2017/wiki/15-Best-Pinterest-Boards-To-Pin-On-All-Time-About-Evolution-Casino Git.tortuga.quest]) as well as by migration between populations. These processes, as well as others, such as directionally-selected selection and erosion of genes (changes in frequency of genotypes over time) can lead to evolution. Evolution is defined by changes in the genome over time and  [http://www.zjzhcn.com/evolution8340 에볼루션 카지노 사이트] changes in the phenotype (the expression of genotypes in an individual).<br><br>Incorporating evolutionary thinking into all aspects of biology education can increase students' understanding of phylogeny and evolutionary. A recent study by Grunspan and colleagues, for instance revealed that teaching students about the evidence that supports evolution helped students accept the concept of evolution in a college-level biology class. For more information on how to teach evolution look up The Evolutionary Potency in All Areas of Biology or Thinking Evolutionarily as a Framework for Infusing Evolution into Life Sciences Education.<br><br>Evolution in Action<br><br>Scientists have looked at evolution through the past--analyzing fossils and comparing species. They also study living organisms. Evolution isn't a flims event; it is an ongoing process that continues to be observed today. Bacteria transform and resist antibiotics, viruses re-invent themselves and escape new drugs and animals change their behavior to a changing planet. The resulting changes are often visible.<br><br>It wasn't until late 1980s when biologists began to realize that natural selection was also at work. The key is that different traits have different rates of survival and reproduction (differential fitness) and can be transferred from one generation to the next.<br><br>In the past, when one particular allele, the genetic sequence that controls coloration - was present in a population of interbreeding organisms, it might quickly become more common than all other alleles. As time passes, that could mean that the number of black moths in the population could increase. The same is true for many other characteristics--including morphology and behavior--that vary among populations of organisms.<br><br>Monitoring evolutionary changes in action is much easier when a species has a fast generation turnover such as bacteria. Since 1988, Richard Lenski, a biologist, has tracked twelve populations of E.coli that descend from one strain. Samples from each population have been collected frequently and more than 500.000 generations of E.coli have been observed to have passed.<br><br>Lenski's research has demonstrated that mutations can alter the rate at which change occurs and the efficiency of a population's reproduction. It also shows that evolution takes time, something that is difficult for some to accept.<br><br>Another example of microevolution is the way mosquito genes that confer resistance to pesticides show up more often in populations where insecticides are used. This is because the use of pesticides causes a selective pressure that favors individuals who have resistant genotypes.<br><br>The rapidity of evolution has led to a growing awareness of its significance, especially in a world shaped largely by human activity. This includes climate change, pollution, and habitat loss, which prevents many species from adapting. Understanding evolution will aid you in making better decisions about the future of the planet and its inhabitants.