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What is Free Evolution?<br><br>Free evolution is the concept that natural processes can lead to the development of organisms over time. This includes the evolution of new species and alteration of the appearance of existing species.<br><br>A variety of examples have been provided of this, such as different varieties of stickleback fish that can live in either salt or fresh water, and walking stick insect varieties that prefer particular host plants. These are mostly reversible traits however, are not able to explain fundamental changes in body plans.<br><br>Evolution through Natural Selection<br><br>The evolution of the myriad living creatures on Earth is an enigma that has fascinated scientists for centuries. Charles Darwin's natural selection theory is the best-established explanation. This happens when those who are better adapted survive and reproduce more than those who are less well-adapted. Over time, the population of individuals who are well-adapted grows and eventually develops into an entirely new species.<br><br>Natural selection is an ongoing process that is characterized by the interaction of three factors: variation, inheritance and reproduction. Variation is caused by mutation and sexual reproduction, both of which increase the genetic diversity of a species. Inheritance is the passing of a person's genetic characteristics to their offspring which includes both dominant and recessive alleles. Reproduction is the process of creating viable, fertile offspring. This can be done by both asexual or sexual methods.<br><br>Natural selection only occurs when all of these factors are in equilibrium. For instance the case where an allele that is dominant at one gene can cause an organism to live and reproduce more frequently than the recessive one, the dominant allele will become more prevalent in the population. If the allele confers a negative survival advantage or lowers the fertility of the population, it will disappear. The process is self reinforcing meaning that an organism with an adaptive trait will survive and reproduce much more than one with a maladaptive characteristic. The more offspring an organism produces, the greater its fitness which is measured by its ability to reproduce and survive. People with desirable traits,  [https://evolution-roulette33843.theobloggers.com/38570866/the-top-evolution-baccarat-site-gurus-can-do-three-things 에볼루션 바카라 사이트] 무료 바카라 [[https://evolutionbaccaratfree32625.atualblog.com/38572396/10-undisputed-reasons-people-hate-evolution-casino Source Webpage]] like longer necks in giraffes, or bright white patterns of color in male peacocks are more likely to survive and produce offspring, which means they will eventually make up the majority of the population in the future.<br><br>Natural selection is an aspect of populations and not on individuals. This is a significant distinction from the Lamarckian theory of evolution which claims that animals acquire characteristics by use or inactivity. For example, if a animal's neck is lengthened by reaching out to catch prey its offspring will inherit a longer neck. The difference in neck length between generations will persist until the giraffe's neck becomes so long that it can no longer breed with other giraffes.<br><br>Evolution through Genetic Drift<br><br>In genetic drift, the alleles at a gene may reach different frequencies in a population through random events. At some point, one will attain fixation (become so widespread that it can no longer be removed through natural selection), while other alleles will fall to lower frequencies. In the extreme this, it leads to one allele dominance. Other alleles have been basically eliminated and heterozygosity has decreased to a minimum. In a small group it could lead to the complete elimination of recessive alleles. This is known as the bottleneck effect. It is typical of the evolutionary process that occurs whenever the number of individuals migrate to form a group.<br><br>A phenotypic bottleneck could occur when the survivors of a catastrophe such as an epidemic or a massive hunting event, are condensed within a narrow area. The surviving individuals will be largely homozygous for the dominant allele which means they will all share the same phenotype and will thus share the same fitness characteristics. This could be caused by war, earthquakes or even a plague. The genetically distinct population, if it is left vulnerable to genetic drift.<br><br>Walsh Lewens,  [https://evolution-blackjack93195.nizarblog.com/32530639/10-tips-for-getting-the-most-value-from-evolution-casino 에볼루션사이트] Lewens,  [https://evolution26099.collectblogs.com/77520006/could-evolution-blackjack-be-the-answer-for-2024-s-challenges 에볼루션 바카라 체험] and Ariew employ Lewens, Walsh, and Ariew use a "purely outcome-oriented" definition of drift as any deviation from expected values for variations in fitness. They give a famous example of twins that are genetically identical and have identical phenotypes, but one is struck by lightning and dies, whereas the other lives and reproduces.<br><br>This kind of drift can play a very important role in the evolution of an organism. It is not the only method of evolution. Natural selection is the most common alternative, where mutations and migrations maintain phenotypic diversity within a population.<br><br>Stephens asserts that there is a significant difference between treating drift as a force or as an underlying cause, and treating other causes of evolution such as selection, mutation and migration as causes or causes. Stephens claims that a causal process account of drift allows us to distinguish it from the other forces, and that this distinction is vital. He further argues that drift has both an orientation, i.e., it tends to reduce heterozygosity. It also has a size, which is determined based on population size.<br><br>Evolution by Lamarckism<br><br>Students of biology in high school are often exposed to Jean-Baptiste lamarck's (1744-1829) work. His theory of evolution, commonly referred to as "Lamarckism which means that simple organisms transform into more complex organisms through inheriting characteristics that result from an organism's use and disuse. Lamarckism can be demonstrated by an giraffe's neck stretching to reach higher levels of leaves in the trees. This would result in giraffes passing on their longer necks to offspring, who then grow even taller.<br><br>Lamarck, a French Zoologist from France, presented an idea that was revolutionary in his 17 May 1802 opening lecture at the Museum of Natural History of Paris. He challenged conventional wisdom on organic transformation. In his view, living things had evolved from inanimate matter through an escalating series of steps. Lamarck was not the only one to suggest that this might be the case, but he is widely seen as giving the subject its first general and thorough treatment.<br><br>The dominant story is that Charles Darwin's theory on evolution by natural selection and Lamarckism were competing in the 19th century. Darwinism eventually prevailed, leading to what biologists refer to as the Modern Synthesis. The Modern Synthesis theory denies that traits acquired through evolution can be inherited, and instead argues that organisms evolve through the action of environmental factors, such as natural selection.<br><br>Lamarck and his contemporaries endorsed the idea that acquired characters could be passed down to the next generation. However, this idea was never a central part of any of their theories about evolution. This is partly due to the fact that it was never tested scientifically.<br><br>However, it has been more than 200 years since Lamarck was born and in the age genomics, there is a large amount of evidence to support the possibility of inheritance of acquired traits. This is often called "neo-Lamarckism" or more often, epigenetic inheritance. It is a form of evolution that is just as valid as the more popular Neo-Darwinian model.<br><br>Evolution by adaptation<br><br>One of the most common misconceptions about evolution is its being driven by a struggle for survival. In reality, this notion is a misrepresentation of natural selection and ignores the other forces that determine the rate of evolution. The fight for survival can be more precisely described as a fight to survive in a specific environment, which could involve not only other organisms, but as well the physical environment.<br><br>Understanding adaptation is important to comprehend evolution. The term "adaptation" refers to any characteristic that allows a living organism to survive in its environment and reproduce. It could be a physical feature, like feathers or fur. It could also be a behavior trait that allows you to move towards shade during hot weather, or moving out to avoid the cold at night.<br><br>The capacity of an organism to extract energy from its surroundings and interact with other organisms as well as their physical environment, is crucial to its survival. The organism must have the right genes to produce offspring, and it should be able to find enough food and other resources. In addition, the organism should be capable of reproducing at a high rate within its environment.<br><br>These factors, along with gene flow and mutation result in a change in the proportion of alleles (different forms of a gene) in the gene pool of a population. Over time, this change in allele frequency can result in the emergence of new traits, and eventually new species.<br><br>A lot of the traits we admire about animals and plants are adaptations, like the lungs or gills that extract oxygen from the air, feathers or fur to provide insulation, long legs for running away from predators and camouflage to hide. To understand adaptation it is crucial to distinguish between behavioral and physiological traits.<br><br>Physical traits such as the thick fur and gills are physical characteristics. The behavioral adaptations aren't like the tendency of animals to seek out companionship or move into the shade during hot temperatures. It is also important to note that lack of planning does not make an adaptation. In fact, failure to consider the consequences of a choice can render it unadaptable even though it appears to be sensible or even necessary.