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What is Free Evolution?<br><br>Free evolution is the concept that the natural processes of living organisms can lead to their development over time. This includes the development of new species and alteration of the appearance of existing species.<br><br>This has been demonstrated by many examples such as the stickleback fish species that can be found in saltwater or fresh water and  [https://ferdinand.com.ua/forum/proxy.php?link=https://evolutionkr.kr/ 에볼루션 바카라] walking stick insect species that are apprehensive about specific host plants. These reversible traits, however, cannot explain fundamental changes in basic body plans.<br><br>Evolution by Natural Selection<br><br>The evolution of the myriad living creatures on Earth is a mystery that has intrigued scientists for centuries. The most widely accepted explanation is that of Charles Darwin's natural selection process, a process that is triggered when more well-adapted individuals live longer and reproduce more effectively than those less well-adapted. As time passes, a group of well-adapted individuals expands and eventually forms a whole new species.<br><br>Natural selection is an ongoing process that involves the interaction of three elements that are inheritance, variation and reproduction. Variation is caused by mutations and sexual reproduction both of which increase the genetic diversity of a species. Inheritance is the passing of a person's genetic characteristics to his or her offspring, which includes both dominant and recessive alleles. Reproduction is the process of generating viable, fertile offspring. This can be accomplished by both asexual or sexual methods.<br><br>Natural selection is only possible when all of these factors are in equilibrium. If, for instance, a dominant gene allele causes an organism reproduce and survive more than the recessive allele The dominant allele will become more prevalent in a population. If the allele confers a negative survival advantage or lowers the fertility of the population, it will disappear. This process is self-reinforcing meaning that an organism with a beneficial trait will survive and reproduce more than an individual with an inadaptive characteristic. The more offspring that an organism has, the greater its fitness which is measured by its capacity to reproduce itself and live. People with good characteristics, like having a longer neck in giraffes and bright white patterns of color in male peacocks, are more likely to survive and have offspring, and thus will eventually make up the majority of the population in the future.<br><br>Natural selection only acts on populations, not on individual organisms. This is an important distinction from the Lamarckian theory of evolution, which claims that animals acquire characteristics through use or neglect. If a giraffe extends its neck to reach prey and its neck gets larger, then its children will inherit this characteristic. The difference in neck length between generations will persist until the neck of the giraffe becomes too long to no longer breed with other giraffes.<br><br>Evolution through Genetic Drift<br><br>Genetic drift occurs when alleles from one gene are distributed randomly within a population. In the end, only one will be fixed (become widespread enough to not longer be eliminated by natural selection) and the other alleles will diminish in frequency. This can result in dominance in the extreme. The other alleles are essentially eliminated and heterozygosity has decreased to a minimum. In a small group, this could lead to the complete elimination of recessive allele. This scenario is called the bottleneck effect. It is typical of an evolutionary process that occurs when the number of individuals migrate to form a group.<br><br>A phenotypic  bottleneck can also occur when the survivors of a catastrophe like an outbreak or mass hunting event are confined to the same area. The remaining individuals will be mostly homozygous for the dominant allele, which means that they will all share the same phenotype and will consequently share the same fitness characteristics. This situation might be caused by war, an earthquake or even a cholera outbreak. The genetically distinct population, if left susceptible to genetic drift.<br><br>Walsh Lewens, Walsh, and Ariew define drift as a departure from expected values due to differences in fitness. They give a famous example of twins that are genetically identical, have the exact same phenotype but one is struck by lightning and dies, whereas the other lives and  [https://wasm.in/proxy.php?link=https://evolutionkr.kr/ 에볼루션 슬롯게임] 무료[http://www.apexforum.com/proxy.php?link=https://evolutionkr.kr/ 에볼루션 바카라 체험] ([https://forums.cast-soft.com/proxy.php?link=https://evolutionkr.kr/ https://forums.cast-soft.com/proxy.php?Link=https://evolutionkr.kr/]) reproduces.<br><br>This kind of drift can be vital to the evolution of an entire species. But, it's not the only way to develop. Natural selection is the main alternative, in which mutations and migrations maintain phenotypic diversity within a population.<br><br>Stephens argues that there is a big difference between treating the phenomenon of drift as a force or a cause and treating other causes of evolution, such as mutation, selection and migration as causes or causes. He argues that a causal mechanism account of drift permits us to differentiate it from the other forces, and this distinction is vital. He also argues that drift has direction, i.e., it tends to eliminate heterozygosity. It also has a size which is determined based on the size of the population.<br><br>Evolution by Lamarckism<br><br>Biology students in high school are often exposed to Jean-Baptiste lamarck's (1744-1829) work. His theory of evolution, often referred to as "Lamarckism" is based on the idea that simple organisms transform into more complex organisms adopting traits that are a product of an organism's use and disuse. Lamarckism is typically illustrated with a picture of a giraffe that extends its neck further to reach leaves higher up in the trees. This would cause giraffes' longer necks to be passed onto their offspring who would grow taller.<br><br>Lamarck was a French Zoologist. In his inaugural lecture for his course on invertebrate zoology at the Museum of Natural History in Paris on 17 May 1802, he presented an original idea that fundamentally challenged the previous understanding of organic transformation. According to him living things had evolved from inanimate matter via an escalating series of steps. Lamarck was not the first to suggest that this could be the case but he is widely seen as having given the subject its first general and comprehensive analysis.<br><br>The dominant story is that Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection and Lamarckism were competing in the 19th century. Darwinism eventually prevailed which led to what biologists call the Modern Synthesis. The theory denies that acquired characteristics can be passed down and instead argues organisms evolve by the selective influence of environmental elements, like Natural Selection.<br><br>Lamarck and  [https://androidjuntos.com/proxy.php?link=https://evolutionkr.kr/ 에볼루션] his contemporaries endorsed the notion that acquired characters could be passed down to future generations. However, this notion was never a major part of any of their theories about evolution. This is partly because it was never scientifically tested.<br><br>It's been more than 200 years since the birth of Lamarck, and in the age genomics there is a growing evidence base that supports the heritability of acquired traits. It is sometimes referred to as "neo-Lamarckism" or more commonly, epigenetic inheritance. This is a model that is just as valid as the popular Neodarwinian model.<br><br>Evolution through adaptation<br><br>One of the most popular misconceptions about evolution is that it is driven by a type of struggle to survive. This is a false assumption and overlooks other forces that drive evolution. The fight for survival can be more accurately described as a struggle to survive in a specific environment, which may involve not only other organisms, but also the physical environment itself.<br><br>Understanding the concept of adaptation is crucial to understand evolution. The term "adaptation" refers to any characteristic that allows a living organism to live in its environment and reproduce. It can be a physiological structure, such as feathers or fur or a behavioral characteristic like moving to the shade during the heat or leaving at night to avoid cold.<br><br>An organism's survival depends on its ability to obtain energy from the environment and to interact with other living organisms and their physical surroundings. The organism needs to have the right genes to create offspring, and it should be able to access enough food and other resources. Moreover, the organism must be capable of reproducing in a way that is optimally within its environmental niche.<br><br>These factors, together with mutations and gene flow, can lead to changes in the proportion of different alleles within a population’s gene pool. As time passes, this shift in allele frequency can result in the development of new traits, and eventually new species.<br><br>Many of the characteristics we admire in animals and plants are adaptations. For instance lung or gills that draw oxygen from air feathers and fur as insulation long legs to run away from predators, and camouflage to hide. To understand adaptation, it is important to discern between physiological and behavioral traits.<br><br>Physiological adaptations, like thick fur or gills are physical traits, while behavioral adaptations, like the tendency to seek out friends or to move into the shade in hot weather, are not. Additionally it is important to remember that lack of planning does not mean that something is an adaptation. Inability to think about the consequences of a decision even if it appears to be rational,  [http://remodelforums.com/proxy.php?link=https://evolutionkr.kr/ 에볼루션 사이트] could cause it to be unadaptive.