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The Academy's Evolution Site<br><br>The concept of biological evolution is among the most important concepts in biology. The Academies have been active for a long time in helping those interested in science understand the concept of evolution and how it affects every area of scientific inquiry.<br><br>This site provides a wide range of resources for students, teachers as well as general readers about evolution. It has key video clips from NOVA and WGBH-produced science programs on DVD.<br><br>Tree of Life<br><br>The Tree of Life is an ancient symbol that represents the interconnectedness of all life. It is seen in a variety of religions and cultures as an emblem of unity and love. It also has many practical uses, like providing a framework for  [http://www.tianxiaputao.com/bbs/home.php?mod=space&uid=1211997 에볼루션 카지노 사이트] understanding the evolution of species and how they respond to changing environmental conditions.<br><br>Early attempts to represent the biological world were founded on categorizing organisms on their physical and metabolic characteristics. These methods, which rely on the sampling of different parts of organisms, or DNA fragments have greatly increased the diversity of a tree of Life2. However the trees are mostly composed of eukaryotes; bacterial diversity is still largely unrepresented3,4.<br><br>In avoiding the necessity of direct observation and experimentation, genetic techniques have allowed us to depict the Tree of Life in a much more accurate way. In particular, molecular methods enable us to create trees by using sequenced markers, such as the small subunit of ribosomal RNA gene.<br><br>Despite the massive growth of the Tree of Life through genome sequencing, a large amount of biodiversity awaits discovery. This is particularly true of microorganisms that are difficult to cultivate and are usually only found in a single sample5. A recent study of all genomes that are known has produced a rough draft of the Tree of Life, including many archaea and bacteria that are not isolated and whose diversity is poorly understood6.<br><br>This expanded Tree of Life can be used to evaluate the biodiversity of a specific area and determine if certain habitats require special protection. The information can be used in a range of ways, from identifying the most effective medicines to combating disease to enhancing the quality of crop yields. The information is also beneficial in conservation efforts. It can aid biologists in identifying the areas that are most likely to contain cryptic species with important metabolic functions that could be at risk from anthropogenic change. While funding to protect biodiversity are important, the most effective method to protect the world's biodiversity is to equip more people in developing nations with the knowledge they need to take action locally and encourage conservation.<br><br>Phylogeny<br><br>A phylogeny (also known as an evolutionary tree) shows the relationships between different organisms. Scientists can create an phylogenetic chart which shows the evolutionary relationships between taxonomic groups based on molecular data and morphological differences or similarities. Phylogeny plays a crucial role in understanding genetics, biodiversity and evolution.<br><br>A basic phylogenetic Tree (see Figure PageIndex 10 Identifies the relationships between organisms that have similar characteristics and have evolved from an ancestor that shared traits. These shared traits may be analogous, or homologous. Homologous characteristics are identical in their evolutionary journey. Analogous traits might appear similar however they do not share the same origins. Scientists arrange similar traits into a grouping referred to as a clade. All organisms in a group share a trait, such as amniotic egg production. They all came from an ancestor who had these eggs. A phylogenetic tree is then built by connecting the clades to determine the organisms which are the closest to each other. <br><br>Scientists make use of molecular DNA or RNA data to build a phylogenetic chart that is more accurate and precise. This information is more precise and  [http://www.hondacityclub.com/all_new/home.php?mod=space&uid=2091563 에볼루션 카지노] 게이밍 ([https://schultz-henningsen.mdwrite.net/10-websites-to-aid-you-learn-to-be-an-expert-in-evolution-gaming/ link web page]) gives evidence of the evolutionary history of an organism. Researchers can utilize Molecular Data to determine the age of evolution of living organisms and discover how many organisms have a common ancestor.<br><br>The phylogenetic relationships between species can be influenced by several factors including phenotypic plasticity, a type of behavior that alters in response to specific environmental conditions. This can make a trait appear more resembling to one species than another, obscuring the phylogenetic signals. This problem can be mitigated by using cladistics, which is a the combination of homologous and analogous features in the tree.<br><br>In addition, phylogenetics can aid in predicting the duration and rate of speciation. This information can assist conservation biologists in making decisions about which species to safeguard from disappearance. It is ultimately the preservation of phylogenetic diversity that will result in a complete and balanced ecosystem.<br><br>Evolutionary Theory<br><br>The main idea behind evolution is that organisms acquire different features over time due to their interactions with their environments. Several theories of evolutionary change have been proposed by a wide range of scientists, including the Islamic naturalist Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (1201-1274) who envisioned an organism developing slowly in accordance with its needs and needs, the Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) who conceived modern hierarchical taxonomy, and Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829) who suggested that the use or non-use of traits cause changes that can be passed on to offspring.<br><br>In the 1930s and 1940s,  [https://earrelish35.werite.net/why-is-this-evolution-slot-so-beneficial 에볼루션 바카라 체험] theories from a variety of fields -- including natural selection, genetics, and particulate inheritance -- came together to create the modern synthesis of evolutionary theory which explains how evolution is triggered by the variations of genes within a population, and how these variants change in time as a result of natural selection. This model, which includes mutations, genetic drift as well as gene flow and sexual selection is mathematically described.<br><br>Recent developments in the field of evolutionary developmental biology have shown that variations can be introduced into a species through genetic drift, mutation,  [https://peters-proctor-3.blogbright.net/10-things-everybody-hates-about-evolution-korea/ 에볼루션코리아] and reshuffling genes during sexual reproduction, as well as by migration between populations. These processes, along with others such as directional selection or genetic erosion (changes in the frequency of an individual's genotype over time) can lead to evolution, which is defined by change in the genome of the species over time and also by changes in phenotype over time (the expression of the genotype in an individual).<br><br>Students can better understand phylogeny by incorporating evolutionary thinking in all areas of biology. In a study by Grunspan and co. It was found that teaching students about the evidence for evolution boosted their acceptance of evolution during a college-level course in biology. For more information on how to teach about evolution, look up The Evolutionary Potential of All Areas of Biology and Thinking Evolutionarily: A Framework for Infusing the Concept of Evolution into Life Sciences Education.<br><br>Evolution in Action<br><br>Scientists have traditionally looked at evolution through the past--analyzing fossils and comparing species. They also observe living organisms. Evolution is not a past event; it is an ongoing process. Viruses evolve to stay away from new drugs and bacteria evolve to resist antibiotics. Animals adapt their behavior in the wake of the changing environment. The results are often evident.<br><br>It wasn't until late 1980s that biologists began to realize that natural selection was in action. The main reason is that different traits confer a different rate of survival and reproduction, and they can be passed down from one generation to the next.<br><br>In the past, if an allele - the genetic sequence that determines colour - was present in a population of organisms that interbred, it might become more common than any other allele. Over time, this would mean that the number of moths sporting black pigmentation in a group may increase. The same is true for many other characteristics--including morphology and behavior--that vary among populations of organisms.<br><br>It is easier to observe evolutionary change when an organism, like bacteria, has a high generation turnover. Since 1988 biologist Richard Lenski has been tracking twelve populations of E. Coli that descended from a single strain; samples of each population are taken every day, and over fifty thousand generations have been observed.<br><br>Lenski's work has shown that mutations can alter the rate of change and the efficiency of a population's reproduction. It also shows evolution takes time, which is difficult for some to accept.<br><br>Another example of microevolution is that mosquito genes for resistance to pesticides appear more frequently in areas in which insecticides are utilized. This is due to the fact that the use of pesticides causes a selective pressure that favors individuals with resistant genotypes.<br><br>The rapid pace at which evolution takes place has led to an increasing awareness of its significance in a world that is shaped by human activities, including climate change, pollution and the loss of habitats that prevent the species from adapting. Understanding evolution will help you make better decisions about the future of our planet and its inhabitants.