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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean<br><br>CLKs' awareness and capacity to draw on relational affordances as well as learning-internal factors, were significant. For instance the RIs of TS and ZL both cited their local professor relationships as a major reason for them to choose to avoid criticising an uncompromising professor (see the example 2).<br><br>This article reviews all local published pragmatic research on Korean until 2020. It focuses on the most important practical issues, including:<br><br>Discourse Construction Tests<br><br>The test for discourse completion (DCT) is widely used in research that is based on pragmatic principles. It has many advantages but it also has a few disadvantages. The DCT is one example. It is unable to account for cultural and individual variations. Furthermore, the DCT can be biased and may cause overgeneralizations. This is why it is important to analyze it carefully prior to using it for research or assessment purposes.<br><br>Despite its limitations, the DCT is a valuable tool to investigate the relationship between prosody, information structure, and non-native speakers. Its ability in two or more stages to alter social variables related to politeness could be a benefit. This ability can aid researchers understand the role of prosody in communication across different cultural contexts, which is a major issue in cross-cultural pragmatics.<br><br>In the field of linguistics DCT is among the most effective tools to analyze the communication habits of learners. It can be used to study various issues, including the manner of speaking, turn-taking and lexical choices. It can be used to evaluate the phonological complexity of learners in their speech.<br><br>Recent research utilized a DCT as a tool to assess the skills of refusal among EFL students. Participants were presented with a range of scenarios to choose from and then asked to choose the appropriate response. The authors found that the DCT was more effective than other measures to stop people from refusing that included a questionnaire as well as video recordings. However, the researchers warned that the DCT should be used with caution and include other methods for collecting data.<br><br>DCTs are usually created with specific linguistic requirements in mind,  슬롯 ([http://www.hondacityclub.com/all_new/home.php?mod=space&uid=1467532 click the following website]) such as content and form. These criteria are based on intuition and based on the assumptions of test designers. They aren't always exact and could be misleading in describing how ELF learners actually respond to requests in real-world interactions. This issue requires further studies of different methods to assess refusal competence.<br><br>A recent study compared DCT responses to requests submitted by students through email with those obtained from an oral DCT. The results showed that the DCT encouraged more direct and traditionally indirect request forms, and a lesser use of hints than email data did.<br><br>Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)<br><br>This study examined Chinese learners' decisions regarding their use of Korean using a variety of tools that were tested, including Discourse Completion Tasks (DCTs) Metapragmatic Questionnaires, Refusal Interviews (RIs). The participants were 46 CLKs of upper-intermediate who participated in MQs, DCTs, and RIs. They were also asked to consider their evaluations and refusal performance in RIs. The results showed that CLKs are more likely to resist native Korean pragmatic norms. Their decisions were influenced by four factors that included their personalities and multilingual identities, their current life experiences and their relationship affordances. These findings have pedagogical implications for L2 Korean assessment and teaching.<br><br>The MQ data was analyzed in order to determine the participants' actual choices. The data was classified according to Ishihara (2010)'s definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, we compared the selections with their linguistic performance on the DCTs to determine if they were a sign of resistance to pragmatics. The interviewees were asked to explain their choice of pragmatic behavior in a specific scenario.<br><br>The results of the MQs and DCTs were then analyzed using descriptive statistics and z-tests. The CLKs were found to employ euphemistic phrases such as "sorry" or "thank you". This was probably due to their lack of familiarity with the target languages, leading to an inadequate understanding of the korean pragmatic norms. The results showed that the CLKs' preferences for either converging to L1 norms or diverging from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms differed based on the DCT situations. For instance,  [https://www.northwestu.edu/?URL=https://anotepad.com/notes/hq8p7wik 프라그마틱 슬롯 체험] 슈가러쉬; [https://timeoftheworld.date/wiki/The_10_Most_Popular_Pinterest_Profiles_To_Keep_Track_Of_Pragmatic_Free https://Timeoftheworld.date/], in Situations 3 and 12 the CLKs would prefer to diverge from both L1 as well as L2 pragmatic norms whereas in Situation 14 they favored a convergence to L1 norms.<br><br>The RIs also revealed that the CLKs were aware their pragmatic resistance in each DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-toone within two days of the participants had completed the MQs. The RIs were transcribed and recorded by two coders who were independent who then coded them. The coding was an iterative process, in which the coders discussed and read each transcript. The results of coding are contrasted with the original RI transcripts to determine if they reflected the actual behavior.<br><br>Refusal Interviews (RIs)<br><br>One of the major questions in pragmatic research is the reason why learners choose to resist native-speaker pragmatic norms. Recent research attempted to answer this question by using various experimental tools including DCTs MQs and RIs. Participants comprised 46 CLKs and 44 CNSs from five Korean Universities. They were asked to perform the DCTs in their native language and complete the MQs either in their L1 or L2. Then, they were invited to a RI where they were asked consider their responses to the DCT situations.<br><br>The results showed that CLKs on average, did not follow the pragmatic norms of native speakers in more than 40% of their responses. They did this even though they could create patterns that resembled native ones. They were also aware of their pragmatic resistance. They attributed their decisions to learner-internal aspects such as their personalities and  [http://freeok.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=6225089 프라그마틱 공식홈페이지] 정품확인방법 ([http://daoqiao.net/copydog/home.php?mod=space&uid=1780944 Http://Daoqiao.net]) multilingual identities as well as ongoing lives. They also mentioned external factors such as relational benefits. For instance, they outlined how their relationships with professors led to an easier performance in relation to the intercultural and linguistic standards of their university.<br><br>However, the interviewees also expressed concern about the social pressures and punishments they could be subject to if they violated the local social norms. They were concerned that their native counterparts might view them as "foreignersand believe that they are ignorant. This is similar to the one expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).<br><br>These results suggest that native speakers pragmatic norms aren't the preferred norm for Korean learners. They may still be useful for official Korean proficiency testing. Future researchers should reassess the validity of these tests in various cultural contexts and specific situations. This will enable them to better comprehend how different environments may impact the pragmatic behavior of L2 students in the classroom and beyond. Additionally, this will help educators create more effective methods to teach and test the korea-based pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risk consultancy.<br><br>Case Studies<br><br>The case study method is an investigative strategy that employs participant-centered, in-depth investigations to explore a specific subject. It is a method that utilizes numerous sources of data to help support the findings, such as interviews and observations, documents, and artifacts. This kind of investigation can be used to analyze specific or complicated topics that are difficult for other methods of measuring.<br><br>In a case study the first step is to clearly define the subject as well as the objectives of the study. This will help you determine which aspects of the topic are important to investigate and which aspects can be left out. It is also beneficial to read the literature to gain a better knowledge of the subject and place the situation in a wider theoretical context.<br><br>This case study was built on an open-source platform, the KMMLU Leaderboard [50] along with its Korean-specific benchmarks HyperCLOVA X and LDCC Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the study showed that L2 Korean learners were highly dependent on the influence of native models. They were more likely to select incorrect answer choices that were literal interpretations of the prompts, thereby ignoring the correct pragmatic inference. They also had a strong tendency to add their own text, or "garbage," to their responses, which further hampered their response quality.<br><br>The participants of this study were all L2 Korean students who had attained level four in the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK in their second or third year at university and hoped to reach level six by their next attempt. They were asked to respond to questions about their WTC/SPCC as well as pragmatic awareness and comprehension.<br><br>The interviewees were presented two scenarios, each of which involved an imaginary interaction with their interlocutors and were asked to choose one of the following strategies to employ when making a request. The interviewees were then asked to justify their decision. Most of the participants attributed their lack of a pragmatic response to their personality. TS for instance, claimed that she was difficult to talk to and refused to ask about the wellbeing of her colleague when they had a heavy work load, even though she believed native Koreans would.