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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean<br><br>In addition to the learner-internal aspects, CLKs' awareness of their own resistance to change and the social ties they could draw on were crucial. For instance the RIs of TS and ZL both cited their local professor relationships as an important reason for them to choose to avoid criticising an uncompromising professor (see the second example).<br><br>This article reviews all local practical research on Korean up to 2020. It focuses on the most important pragmatic topics including:<br><br>Discourse Construction Tests<br><br>The test for discourse completion (DCT) is a widely used instrument in research that is based on pragmatic principles. It has many strengths, but it also has some drawbacks. For instance it is that the DCT is unable to account for cultural and individual variations in communication. The DCT can also be biased and lead to overgeneralizations. It should be carefully analyzed before it is used for research or assessment.<br><br>Despite its limitations, the DCT can be a valuable tool for investigating the relationship between prosody and information structure in non-native speakers. The ability to manipulate social variables relevant to politeness in two or more steps could be a plus. This characteristic can be utilized to study the impact of prosody across cultural contexts.<br><br>In the field of linguistics the DCT has emerged as one of the most significant tools to analyze learners' behaviors in communication. It can be used to examine various issues such as politeness, turn taking, and lexical choice. It can be used to determine the phonological complexity of learners' speech.<br><br>A recent study utilized a DCT to assess EFL students' refusal skills. Participants were presented with a variety of scenarios to choose from and then asked to choose the appropriate response. The authors found that the DCT was more efficient than other methods of refusal that included a questionnaire as well as video recordings. However, the researchers warned that the DCT should be employed with caution and include other types of methods for collecting data.<br><br>DCTs can be developed using specific language requirements, like form and content. These criteria are based on intuition and based upon the assumptions of test designers. They may not be accurate and may misrepresent how ELF learners respond to requests in real-world interactions. This issue calls for more research on alternative methods of testing refusal competence.<br><br>In a recent research study, DCT responses to student requests via email were compared to the responses from an oral DCT. The results revealed that DCT encouraged more direct and conventionally indirect request forms and a lower use of hints than the email data did.<br><br>Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)<br><br>This study investigated Chinese learners making pragmatic choices when using Korean. It employed various experimental tools including Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions and Refusal Interviews. The participants were 46 CLKs of upper intermediate level who answered MQs, DCTs and RIs. They were also asked for reflections on their opinions and refusals in RIs. The results indicated that the CLKs often resisted native Korean pragmatic norms, and that their choices were influenced by four primary factors that included their identities, their multilingual identities, their ongoing lives, and their relational affordances. These findings have pedagogical consequences for L2 Korean assessment.<br><br>The MQ data was analyzed first to determine the participants' actual choices. The data was classified according to Ishihara (2010)'s definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the responses were compared with their linguistic performance in the DCTs to determine whether they were a reflection of pragmatic resistance or not. In addition, the interviewees were asked to explain their choices of behavior in a specific situation.<br><br>The results of the MQs and DCTs were then analysed using descriptive statistics and Z-tests. It was discovered that the CLKs frequently used the use of euphemistic phrases such as "sorry" and "thank you." This could be due to their lack of familiarity with the target language,  [https://stroimarket-komi.ru/bitrix/rk.php?goto=https://pragmatickr.com/ 슬롯] which led to a lack of understanding of korea pragmatic norms. The results showed that CLKs' preferences to differ from L1 and L2 norms or to be more convergent toward L1 differed based on the DCT situations. In Situations 3 and 12 CLKs favored diverging from both L1pragmatic norms and L2 norms,  [https://joint1purchase.com/proxy.php?link=https://pragmatickr.com/ 프라그마틱 홈페이지] while in Situation 14 CLKs favored convergence to L1 norms.<br><br>The RIs revealed that CLKs were aware of their logical resistance to every DCT situation. The RIs were conducted in a one-to-one manner within two days after the participants completed the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribed, then coded by two independent coders. The coding was an iterative process, in which the coders read and discussed each transcript. The results of the coding process are evaluated against the original RI transcripts to determine how well they captured the underlying pragmatic behavior.<br><br>Refusal Interviews<br><br>A key question of pragmatic research is why some learners choose to resist the pragmatic norms of native speakers. Recent research has attempted to answer this question with various experiments, including DCTs MQs and RIs. The participants consisted of 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs,  [https://elitstroy.shop/bitrix/redirect.php?goto=https://pragmatickr.com/ 프라그마틱 불법] and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. They were asked to perform the DCTs in their first language and to complete the MQs either in their L1 or their L2. They were then invited to an RI, where they were asked to reflect on and discuss their responses to each DCT situation.<br><br>The results showed that on average, the CLKs resisted native-speaker pragmatic norms in more than 40% of their answers. They did this even though they could produce patterns that resembled native speakers. They were also aware of their pragmatism resistance. They attributed their decision to learner-internal factors like their identities and personalities as well as multilingual identities. They also spoke of external factors like relational advantages. They also discussed, for instance how their interactions with their professors helped them to perform more comfortably in terms of the linguistic and social norms at their university.<br><br>The interviewees expressed concerns about the social pressures or penalties they could face in the event that their local social norms were not followed. They were worried that their native interactants might perceive them as "foreigners" and think they are not intelligent. This concern was similar to the concerns voiced by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).<br><br>These results suggest that native-speaker practical norms are no longer the preferred choice of Korean learners. They may remain useful as a model for official Korean proficiency tests. But it is advisable for future researchers to reconsider their relevance in specific scenarios and in different cultural contexts. This will allow them to better understand the effects of different cultural contexts on the pragmatic behavior and classroom interactions of students from L2. Moreover, this will help educators create more effective methods to teach and test the korea-based pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi is principal advisor at Stratways Group, a geopolitical risk consulting firm based in Seoul.<br><br>Case Studies<br><br>The case study method is an investigative technique that uses participant-centered, in-depth investigations to investigate a particular subject. This method utilizes various sources of data including documents, interviews, and observations to confirm its findings. This type of investigation is useful when analyzing unique or complex subjects that are difficult to quantify using other methods.<br><br>The first step in conducting a case study is to define the subject and the objectives of the study. This will help determine which aspects of the subject matter are crucial to study and which could be left out. It is also helpful to review existing literature related to the topic to gain a better understanding of the subject and place the case study within a wider theoretical framework.<br><br>This case study was built on an open-source platform, the KMMLU Leaderboard [50] as well as its Korean-specific benchmarks HyperCLOVA X, and LDCC Solar (figure 1 below). The results of this study showed that L2 Korean learners were particularly vulnerable to the influence of native models. They tended to select wrong answer options that were literal interpretations of prompts, deviating from precise pragmatic inference. They also exhibited an inclination to add their own text, or "garbage," to their responses, which further hampered the quality of their responses.<br><br>The participants in this study were all L2 Korean students who had achieved level four on the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK in their third or second university year and were aiming to reach level six by their next attempt. They were required to answer questions regarding their WTC/SPCC, as well as pragmatic awareness and comprehension.<br><br>Interviewees were presented with two hypothetical situations involving an interaction with their counterparts and asked to choose one of the strategies below to use when making an offer. Interviewees were then asked to justify their choice. Most of the participants attributed their rational opposition to their personality. For example,  [http://semwebquality.org/mediawiki/api.php?action=https://pragmatickr.com/ 무료 프라그마틱] TS claimed that she was hard to get close to, and so she refused to ask about her interactant's well-being with the burden of a job, even though she believed that native Koreans would do so.