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The Berkeley Evolution Site<br><br>The Berkeley site contains resources that can help students and educators understand and teach evolution. The materials are organized in optional learning paths like "What does T. rex look like?"<br><br>Charles Darwin's theory on natural selection explains how animals that are better equipped to adapt biologically to changing environment survive over time and those that don't disappear. This process of evolution is what science is all about.<br><br>What is Evolution?<br><br>The word evolution has many nonscientific meanings, including "progress" or "descent with modification." It is an academic term that refers to the process of change of traits over time in organisms or species. This change is based in biological terms on natural selection and drift.<br><br>Evolution is a central tenet of modern biology. It is an established theory that has stood up to the tests of time and thousands of scientific tests. Unlike many other scientific theories such as the Copernican theory or the germ theory of disease, evolution is not a discussion of religious belief or God's existence.<br><br>Early evolutionists such as Erasmus Darwin (Charles’s grandfather) and Jean-Baptiste Lamarck believed that certain physical traits were predetermined to evolve in a stepped-like manner over time. This was called the "Ladder of Nature" or scala Naturae. Charles Lyell used the term to describe this idea in his Principles of Geology, first published in 1833.<br><br>Darwin published his theory of evolution in his book On the Origin of Species published in the early 1800s. It claims that different species of organisms have the same ancestry, which can be determined through fossils and other evidence. This is the current understanding of evolution, and is supported by many lines of research in science which includes molecular genetics.<br><br>Scientists don't know how organisms have evolved, but they are confident that natural selection and genetic drift is responsible for the development of life. Individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, and they transmit their genes to the next generation. As time passes this leads to a gradual accumulation of changes to the gene pool which gradually lead to new species and forms.<br><br>Certain scientists use the term evolution in reference to large-scale changes, such the evolution of one species from an ancestral one. Others, like population geneticists, define evolution more broadly, referring to a net variation in the frequency of alleles over generations. Both definitions are acceptable and precise however, some scientists claim that the allele-frequency definition omits crucial aspects of the evolutionary process.<br><br>Origins of Life<br><br>The most important step in evolution is the development of life. The emergence of life occurs when living systems start to develop at a micro level, such as within cells.<br><br>The origins of life is an issue in a variety of disciplines such as biology, chemistry, and geology. The question of how living organisms began is a major topic in science due to it being an important challenge to the theory of evolution. It is sometimes referred to as "the mystery" of life or "abiogenesis."<br><br>The notion that life could be born from non-living things was called "spontaneous generation" or "spontaneous evolutionary". It was a common belief prior to Louis Pasteur's experiments proved that the development of living organisms was not possible by a natural process.<br><br>Many scientists still believe it is possible to make the transition from nonliving substances to life. The conditions necessary to create life are difficult to reproduce in a lab. Researchers who are interested in the origins and evolution of life are also eager to know the physical properties of the early Earth as well as other planets.<br><br>The growth of life is also dependent on a series of complex chemical reactions, that are not predicted by the basic physical laws. These include the reading and re-reading of complex molecules, such as DNA or RNA, to produce proteins that perform a specific function. These chemical reactions can be compared to a chicken-and egg problem: the emergence and development of DNA/RNA, the protein-based cell machinery, is necessary for the onset life. However, without life, the chemistry needed to enable it is working.<br><br>Abiogenesis research requires collaboration among researchers from different fields. This includes prebiotic scientists, astrobiologists, and planetary scientists.<br><br>Evolutionary Changes<br><br>The term "evolution" is commonly used to describe the cumulative changes in the genetic characteristics of a population over time. These changes can result from adaptation to environmental pressures as explained in the article on Darwinism (see the entry on Charles Darwin for background) or may result from natural selection.<br><br>This mechanism also increases the number of genes that provide the advantage of survival for the species, leading to an overall change in the appearance of an entire group. These evolutionary changes are triggered by mutations, reshuffling of genes during sexual reproduction, and the flow of genes.<br><br>Natural selection is the process that makes beneficial mutations more common. All organisms undergo changes and reshuffles of genes. This is because, as noted above those who have the advantageous trait are likely to have a higher fertility rate than those without it. Over the course of several generations, this differential in the numbers of offspring born could result in an inclination towards a shift in the number of beneficial traits in a population.<br><br>This is evident in the evolution of different beak shapes on finches from the Galapagos Islands. They have created these beaks to ensure they can get food more easily in their new environment. These changes in the form and shape of living organisms may also be a catalyst for the creation of new species.<br><br>The majority of changes are caused by one mutation,  [http://79bo1.com/space-uid-8627204.html 에볼루션 바카라] although sometimes multiple occur at the same time. Most of these changes can be harmful or neutral however, a few could have a positive impact on survival and reproduction and increase their frequency as time passes. Natural selection is a mechanism that causes the accumulating change over time that leads to a new species.<br><br>Some people confuse the notion of evolution with the idea that traits inherited can be altered by conscious choice or by use and abuse, a concept called soft inheritance. This is a misunderstanding of the biological processes that lead up to the process of evolution. A more accurate description is that evolution is a two-step process that involves the distinct and often conflicting forces of mutation and natural selection.<br><br>Origins of Humans<br><br>Humans of today (Homo Sapiens) evolved from primates, a species of mammal species which includes gorillas and chimpanzees. The earliest human fossils indicate that our ancestors were bipeds. They were walking on two legs. Genetic and biological similarities show that we share a close relationship with Chimpanzees. In reality our closest relatives are the chimpanzees of the Pan genus. This includes pygmy and bonobos. The last common human ancestor as well as chimpanzees was born between 8 and 6 million years ago.<br><br>Humans have evolved a wide range of characteristics over time including bipedalism, the use of fire, and the development of advanced tools. It's only within the last 100,000 years that we have developed the majority of our key characteristics. These include language, a large brain,  [https://qa.holoo.co.ir/user/dragonhelp5 에볼루션카지노] the capacity to construct and use complex tools, as well as the ability to adapt to cultural differences.<br><br>The process of evolution occurs when genetic changes allow members of an organization to better adapt to their environment. Natural selection is the mechanism that drives this adaptation. Certain characteristics are more desirable than others. People with better adaptations are more likely to pass on their genes to the next generation. This is the process that evolves all species and is the foundation of the theory of evolution.<br><br>Scientists refer to it as the "law of Natural Selection." The law states that species that share a common ancestor tend to develop similar traits over time. It is because these traits help them to live and reproduce in their environment.<br><br>Every organism has DNA molecules, which is the source of information that helps guide their growth and development. The structure of DNA is composed of base pair that are arranged in a spiral around sugar and phosphate molecules. The sequence of bases within each strand determines the phenotype, or the individual's characteristic appearance and behavior. 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