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What is Free Evolution?<br><br>Free evolution is the notion that natural processes can cause organisms to evolve over time. This includes the appearance and growth of new species.<br><br>This has been proven by numerous examples such as the stickleback fish species that can live in saltwater or fresh water and walking stick insect species that have a preference for particular host plants. These mostly reversible traits permutations do not explain the fundamental changes in the basic body plan.<br><br>Evolution by Natural Selection<br><br>The development of the myriad living creatures on Earth is an enigma that has fascinated scientists for many centuries. Charles Darwin's natural selectivity is the most well-known explanation. This process occurs when those who are better adapted survive and reproduce more than those who are less well-adapted. As time passes, a group of well-adapted individuals expands and eventually creates a new species.<br><br>Natural selection is an ongoing process that is characterized by the interaction of three factors that are inheritance, variation and reproduction. Variation is caused by mutation and sexual reproduction both of which enhance the genetic diversity of a species. Inheritance is the passing of a person's genetic characteristics to the offspring of that person, which includes both recessive and dominant alleles. Reproduction is the process of producing fertile, viable offspring. This can be accomplished by both asexual or sexual methods.<br><br>All of these variables must be in harmony to allow natural selection to take place. For instance the case where a dominant allele at a gene can cause an organism to live and reproduce more frequently than the recessive allele, the dominant allele will become more prominent within the population. But if the allele confers an unfavorable survival advantage or reduces fertility, it will disappear from the population. This process is self-reinforcing which means that an organism with an adaptive trait will live and reproduce much more than those with a maladaptive feature. The higher the level of fitness an organism has as measured by its capacity to reproduce and  [https://ai-db.science/wiki/Why_Do_So_Many_People_Are_Attracted_To_Evolution_Baccarat_Site 에볼루션 무료 바카라] survive, is the more offspring it produces. People with desirable traits, like longer necks in giraffes or bright white patterns of color in male peacocks are more likely survive and produce offspring, and thus will make up the majority of the population in the future.<br><br>Natural selection is an element in the population and not on individuals. This is a major distinction from the Lamarckian theory of evolution which argues that animals acquire traits by use or inactivity. If a giraffe stretches its neck in order to catch prey and the neck grows longer, then its offspring will inherit this trait. The difference in neck size between generations will continue to increase until the giraffe becomes unable to breed with other giraffes.<br><br>Evolution through Genetic Drift<br><br>Genetic drift occurs when alleles from the same gene are randomly distributed in a population. In the end, one will attain fixation (become so common that it can no longer be removed through natural selection), while the other alleles drop to lower frequencies. In extreme cases this, it leads to dominance of a single allele. The other alleles are eliminated, and heterozygosity is reduced to zero. In a small number of people, this could result in the complete elimination of the recessive gene. This is known as the bottleneck effect. It is typical of the evolution process that occurs when an enormous number of individuals move to form a population.<br><br>A phenotypic  bottleneck can also occur when the survivors of a disaster like an outbreak or a mass hunting event are confined to an area of a limited size. The remaining individuals are likely to be homozygous for the dominant allele which means they will all share the same phenotype and will therefore share the same fitness characteristics. This situation might be caused by war, earthquake, or even a plague. The genetically distinct population, if it remains, could be susceptible to genetic drift.<br><br>Walsh Lewens, Lewens, and  [https://meredith-willard.mdwrite.net/5-people-you-should-be-getting-to-know-in-the-evolution-baccarat-free-experience-industry-1735070312/ 에볼루션카지노사이트] Ariew use Lewens, Walsh, and Ariew use a "purely outcome-oriented" definition of drift as any departure from the expected values for differences in fitness. They provide a well-known instance of twins who are genetically identical, have the exact same phenotype but one is struck by lightning and dies, while the other lives and reproduces.<br><br>This type of drift can play a crucial part in the evolution of an organism. However, it is not the only way to evolve. Natural selection is the primary alternative,  [http://xojh.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=2489373 에볼루션바카라] in which mutations and migration keep the phenotypic diversity in a population.<br><br>Stephens argues there is a vast distinction between treating drift as an actual cause or force,  [http://q.044300.net/home.php?mod=space&uid=974672 에볼루션 바카라 사이트] and treating other causes such as migration and selection mutation as forces and causes. Stephens claims that a causal process account of drift allows us separate it from other forces and this differentiation is crucial. He argues further that drift is both direction, i.e., it tends to eliminate heterozygosity. It also has a size, that is determined by the size of the population.<br><br>Evolution through Lamarckism<br><br>Biology students in high school are frequently introduced to Jean-Baptiste Lamarck's (1744-1829) work. His theory of evolution, also called "Lamarckism, states that simple organisms transform into more complex organisms through inheriting characteristics that are a product of the use and abuse of an organism. Lamarckism is typically illustrated with the image of a giraffe extending its neck longer to reach higher up in the trees. This could cause giraffes to pass on their longer necks to their offspring, who would then become taller.<br><br>Lamarck, a French zoologist, presented an idea that was revolutionary in his opening lecture at the Museum of Natural History of Paris. He challenged conventional wisdom on organic transformation. According to Lamarck, living creatures evolved from inanimate materials through a series gradual steps. Lamarck was not the only one to suggest that this might be the case but he is widely seen as giving the subject its first broad and comprehensive treatment.<br><br>The most popular story is that Lamarckism was a rival to Charles Darwin's theory of evolutionary natural selection, and that the two theories fought out in the 19th century. Darwinism eventually won and led to the creation of what biologists call the Modern Synthesis. This theory denies that acquired characteristics can be acquired through inheritance and instead suggests that organisms evolve through the selective action of environmental factors, such as natural selection.<br><br>Lamarck and his contemporaries supported the notion that acquired characters could be passed on to future generations. However, this concept was never a central part of any of their theories on evolution. This is partly because it was never tested scientifically.<br><br>However, it has been more than 200 years since Lamarck was born and in the age of genomics there is a vast body of evidence supporting the heritability of acquired characteristics. It is sometimes called "neo-Lamarckism" or, more frequently epigenetic inheritance. This is a version that is as reliable as the popular neodarwinian model.<br><br>Evolution through adaptation<br><br>One of the most popular misconceptions about evolution is being driven by a fight for survival. This view is inaccurate and overlooks the other forces that are driving evolution. The fight for survival can be more effectively described as a struggle to survive in a specific environment, which may involve not only other organisms, but as well the physical environment.<br><br>To understand how evolution operates it is important to understand what is adaptation. The term "adaptation" refers to any specific feature that allows an organism to live and reproduce in its environment. It could be a physical feature, like feathers or fur. It could also be a trait of behavior, like moving towards shade during hot weather, or coming out to avoid the cold at night.<br><br>The survival of an organism is dependent on its ability to draw energy from the environment and to interact with other living organisms and their physical surroundings. The organism must possess the right genes to generate offspring, and must be able to access enough food and other resources. The organism should also be able to reproduce at an amount that is appropriate for its specific niche.<br><br>These factors, together with gene flow and mutations can cause an alteration in the ratio of different alleles within the population's gene pool. Over time, this change in allele frequencies can lead to the emergence of new traits, and eventually new species.<br><br>Many of the features we find appealing in plants and animals are adaptations. For example lung or gills that draw oxygen from air feathers and fur for insulation, long legs to run away from predators, and camouflage to hide. However, a complete understanding of adaptation requires attention to the distinction between behavioral and physiological traits.<br><br>Physiological adaptations, such as the thick fur or gills are physical traits, whereas behavioral adaptations, like the tendency to seek out friends or to move to the shade during hot weather, are not. It is also important to remember that a the absence of planning doesn't result in an adaptation. Inability to think about the implications of a choice even if it appears to be logical, can make it unadaptive.