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The Academy's Evolution Site<br><br>Biology is a key concept in biology. The Academies are involved in helping those who are interested in science comprehend the evolution theory and how it can be applied throughout all fields of scientific research.<br><br>This site provides teachers, students and general readers with a variety of learning resources on evolution. It also includes important video clips from NOVA and WGBH produced science programs on DVD.<br><br>Tree of Life<br><br>The Tree of Life is an ancient symbol that represents the interconnectedness of all life. It appears in many cultures and spiritual beliefs as an emblem of unity and love. It can be used in many practical ways as well, including providing a framework to understand the history of species, and how they respond to changes in environmental conditions.<br><br>Early approaches to depicting the biological world focused on categorizing organisms into distinct categories which had been identified by their physical and metabolic characteristics1. These methods, which rely on the sampling of different parts of living organisms or on small fragments of their DNA, greatly increased the variety of organisms that could be represented in the tree of life2. However the trees are mostly composed of eukaryotes; bacterial diversity remains vastly underrepresented3,4.<br><br>By avoiding the need for direct experimentation and observation, genetic techniques have allowed us to represent the Tree of Life in a more precise way. We can construct trees by using molecular methods, such as the small-subunit ribosomal gene.<br><br>Despite the rapid growth of the Tree of Life through genome sequencing, a lot of biodiversity remains to be discovered. This is particularly relevant to microorganisms that are difficult to cultivate and are usually found in one sample5. A recent study of all genomes that are known has produced a rough draft of the Tree of Life, including many bacteria and archaea that are not isolated and whose diversity is poorly understood6.<br><br>This expanded Tree of Life can be used to determine the diversity of a specific region and determine if certain habitats require special protection. This information can be utilized in a range of ways, from identifying the most effective treatments to fight disease to improving crop yields. It is also valuable for  [http://www.1moli.top/home.php?mod=space&uid=799599 에볼루션 게이밍] conservation efforts. It can help biologists identify areas most likely to be home to species that are cryptic, which could have important metabolic functions and be vulnerable to changes caused by humans. Although funds to protect biodiversity are essential, ultimately the best way to protect the world's biodiversity is for more people living in developing countries to be empowered with the necessary knowledge to act locally in order to promote conservation from within.<br><br>Phylogeny<br><br>A phylogeny (also called an evolutionary tree) shows the relationships between different organisms. Scientists can construct an phylogenetic chart which shows the evolutionary relationships between taxonomic groups based on molecular data and morphological differences or similarities. The concept of phylogeny is fundamental to understanding biodiversity, evolution and genetics.<br><br>A basic phylogenetic tree (see Figure PageIndex 10 Finds the connections between organisms with similar traits and have evolved from a common ancestor. These shared traits can be either analogous or homologous. Homologous traits are similar in their underlying evolutionary path, while analogous traits look like they do, but don't have the identical origins. Scientists organize similar traits into a grouping called a the clade. For instance, all of the species in a clade have the characteristic of having amniotic eggs and evolved from a common ancestor which had eggs. A phylogenetic tree is then built by connecting the clades to determine the organisms which are the closest to one another. <br><br>Scientists make use of DNA or RNA molecular information to create a phylogenetic chart that is more precise and precise. This information is more precise and provides evidence of the evolution history of an organism. The use of molecular data lets researchers determine the number of organisms that have a common ancestor and to estimate their evolutionary age.<br><br>The phylogenetic relationships between organisms are influenced by many factors, including phenotypic flexibility, a kind of behavior that alters in response to unique environmental conditions. This can cause a characteristic to appear more similar to a species than another which can obscure the phylogenetic signal. This problem can be addressed by using cladistics. This is a method that incorporates a combination of analogous and homologous features in the tree.<br><br>Additionally, phylogenetics aids determine the duration and rate at which speciation takes place. This information will assist conservation biologists in making decisions about which species to save from the threat of extinction. In the end, it is the preservation of phylogenetic diversity which will create an ecosystem that is balanced and complete.<br><br>Evolutionary Theory<br><br>The main idea behind evolution is that organisms acquire different features over time based on their interactions with their environment. Many scientists have come up with theories of evolution, such as the Islamic naturalist Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (1201-274) who believed that an organism would evolve according to its individual requirements, the Swedish taxonomist Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778), who created the modern hierarchical system of taxonomy, as well as Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1844-1829), who believed that the usage or non-use of traits can cause changes that are passed on to the<br><br>In the 1930s &amp; 1940s, ideas from different fields, including genetics, natural selection and particulate inheritance, merged to create a modern theorizing of evolution. This explains how evolution happens through the variation in genes within a population and how these variations alter over time due to natural selection. This model, known as genetic drift, mutation, gene flow and sexual selection, is a key element of modern evolutionary biology and can be mathematically described.<br><br>Recent developments in the field of evolutionary developmental biology have revealed that variations can be introduced into a species by mutation, genetic drift, and reshuffling genes during sexual reproduction,  바카라 [https://theflatearth.win/wiki/Post:Five_Killer_Quora_Answers_To_Evolution_Baccarat 에볼루션 바카라 무료] ([http://bioimagingcore.be/q2a/user/bagchin86 Visit bioimagingcore.be]) and  [https://www.footballzaa.com/out.php?url=https://wifidb.science/wiki/5_Evolution_Korea_Projects_For_Any_Budget 에볼루션 게이밍] also through migration between populations. These processes, along with other ones like directional selection and genetic erosion (changes in the frequency of an individual's genotype over time) can lead to evolution which is defined by changes in the genome of the species over time and also the change in phenotype over time (the expression of that genotype in the individual).<br><br>Students can gain a better understanding of the concept of phylogeny through incorporating evolutionary thinking into all areas of biology. In a recent study conducted by Grunspan et al. It was found that teaching students about the evidence for evolution boosted their acceptance of evolution during the course of a college biology. For more information on how to teach about evolution,  [http://www.swanmei.com/space-uid-3282793.html 에볼루션 카지노] look up The Evolutionary Potential in All Areas of Biology and Thinking Evolutionarily A Framework for Infusing Evolution into Life Sciences Education.<br><br>Evolution in Action<br><br>Scientists have looked at evolution through the past--analyzing fossils and comparing species. They also observe living organisms. But evolution isn't just something that happened in the past. It's an ongoing process, taking place right now. Bacteria evolve and resist antibiotics, viruses re-invent themselves and are able to evade new medications and animals alter their behavior to the changing climate. The resulting changes are often easy to see.<br><br>But it wasn't until the late 1980s that biologists understood that natural selection can be seen in action, as well. The key is that different characteristics result in different rates of survival and reproduction (differential fitness) and can be passed down from one generation to the next.<br><br>In the past, if an allele - the genetic sequence that determines colour appeared in a population of organisms that interbred, it could be more prevalent than any other allele. In time, this could mean the number of black moths within a particular population could rise. The same is true for many other characteristics--including morphology and behavior--that vary among populations of organisms.<br><br>It is easier to observe evolution when a species, such as bacteria, has a high generation turnover. Since 1988, Richard Lenski, a biologist, has studied twelve populations of E.coli that are descended from a single strain. Samples from each population have been collected regularly, and more than 500.000 generations of E.coli have been observed to have passed.<br><br>Lenski's research has revealed that mutations can alter the rate at which change occurs and the efficiency of a population's reproduction. It also shows that evolution takes time, a fact that many are unable to accept.<br><br>Microevolution is also evident in the fact that mosquito genes for pesticide resistance are more common in populations where insecticides are used. That's because the use of pesticides causes a selective pressure that favors people with resistant genotypes.<br><br>The rapid pace at which evolution takes place has led to a growing appreciation of its importance in a world that is shaped by human activity, including climate change, pollution and the loss of habitats which prevent the species from adapting. Understanding evolution can help us make better choices about the future of our planet and the lives of its inhabitants.