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What is Free Evolution?<br><br>Free evolution is the idea that the natural processes that organisms go through can lead to their development over time. This includes the development of new species and change in appearance of existing species.<br><br>This has been proven by many examples such as the stickleback fish species that can thrive in salt or fresh water, and walking stick insect types that have a preference for  [http://www.stes.tyc.edu.tw/xoops/modules/profile/userinfo.php?uid=2686570 에볼루션 바카라 무료체험]; [https://nerdgaming.science/wiki/Evolution_Free_Baccarat_Tools_To_Make_Your_Daily_Life please click the following website], specific host plants. These reversible traits can't, however, be the reason for fundamental changes in body plans.<br><br>Evolution by Natural Selection<br><br>Scientists have been fascinated by the evolution of all living organisms that inhabit our planet for ages. The most well-known explanation is Charles Darwin's natural selection process, a process that occurs when individuals that are better adapted survive and reproduce more successfully than those who are less well-adapted. As time passes, a group of well adapted individuals grows and eventually forms a whole new species.<br><br>Natural selection is a cyclical process that is characterized by the interaction of three factors that are inheritance, variation and reproduction. Variation is caused by mutation and sexual reproduction,  [https://villarrealgade4.livejournal.com/profile/ 에볼루션] both of which increase the genetic diversity within the species. Inheritance is the term used to describe the transmission of a person’s genetic traits, including recessive and dominant genes and their offspring. Reproduction is the process of creating viable, fertile offspring. This can be achieved by both asexual or sexual methods.<br><br>Natural selection only occurs when all of these factors are in equilibrium. For example, if an allele that is dominant at a gene causes an organism to survive and reproduce more frequently than the recessive allele, the dominant allele will become more prevalent in the population. But if the allele confers an unfavorable survival advantage or decreases fertility, it will disappear from the population. The process is self reinforcing meaning that the organism with an adaptive characteristic will live and reproduce much more than one with a maladaptive characteristic. The more offspring an organism can produce the more fit it is, which is measured by its ability to reproduce itself and live. Individuals with favorable characteristics, like having a longer neck in giraffes, or bright white color patterns in male peacocks are more likely survive and have offspring, which means they will make up the majority of the population over time.<br><br>Natural selection only acts on populations, not individuals. This is an important distinction from the Lamarckian theory of evolution which argues that animals acquire characteristics through use or disuse. For instance, if a Giraffe's neck grows longer due to stretching to reach prey its offspring will inherit a more long neck. The differences in neck length between generations will continue until the giraffe's neck gets too long that it can no longer breed with other giraffes.<br><br>Evolution by Genetic Drift<br><br>In genetic drift, the alleles within a gene can reach different frequencies in a group by chance events. At some point, only one of them will be fixed (become common enough that it can no longer be eliminated by natural selection), and the other alleles diminish in frequency. In the extreme, this leads to dominance of a single allele. The other alleles have been virtually eliminated and heterozygosity diminished to a minimum. In a small number of people it could result in the complete elimination of the recessive gene. This scenario is called the bottleneck effect and is typical of the evolutionary process that occurs when a large number individuals migrate to form a group.<br><br>A phenotypic  bottleneck may also occur when survivors of a disaster such as an outbreak or mass hunting incident are concentrated in the same area. The surviving individuals will be mostly homozygous for the dominant allele,  [https://marvelvsdc.faith/wiki/Why_Evolution_Slot_Is_So_Helpful_For_COVID19 에볼루션 바카라 무료체험] meaning that they all have the same phenotype and will therefore have the same fitness traits. This may be the result of a war, earthquake or  [https://algowiki.win/wiki/Post:15_Top_Evolution_Baccarat_Experience_Bloggers_You_Should_Follow 에볼루션바카라] even a disease. The genetically distinct population,  [https://atavi.com/share/x1mcsozc2ro3 에볼루션 카지노 사이트] if it is left vulnerable to genetic drift.<br><br>Walsh, Lewens and Ariew define drift as a departure from the expected values due to differences in fitness. They cite the famous example of twins who are both genetically identical and share the same phenotype, but one is struck by lightning and dies, while the other continues to reproduce.<br><br>This kind of drift can be crucial in the evolution of the species. It is not the only method for evolution. Natural selection is the most common alternative, in which mutations and migration maintain phenotypic diversity within a population.<br><br>Stephens argues there is a significant distinction between treating drift as a force or cause, and treating other causes like migration and selection mutation as forces and causes. He claims that a causal-process explanation of drift lets us distinguish it from other forces and this distinction is crucial. He also argues that drift is a directional force: that is it tends to eliminate heterozygosity, and that it also has a specific magnitude which is determined by population size.<br><br>Evolution through Lamarckism<br><br>Biology students in high school are often introduced to Jean-Baptiste Lemarck's (1744-1829) work. His theory of evolution is often referred to as "Lamarckism" and it states that simple organisms grow into more complex organisms via the inherited characteristics which result from an organism's natural activities usage, use and disuse. Lamarckism can be illustrated by a giraffe extending its neck to reach higher levels of leaves in the trees. This causes the longer necks of giraffes to be passed onto their offspring who would then become taller.<br><br>Lamarck was a French Zoologist. In his inaugural lecture for his course on invertebrate Zoology at the Museum of Natural History in Paris on the 17th May 1802, he presented an innovative concept that completely challenged the conventional wisdom about organic transformation. According Lamarck, living organisms evolved from inanimate material through a series of gradual steps. Lamarck wasn't the first to make this claim however he was widely thought of as the first to give the subject a thorough and general treatment.<br><br>The dominant story is that Charles Darwin's theory on evolution by natural selection and Lamarckism were competing in the 19th Century. Darwinism ultimately prevailed and led to what biologists refer to as the Modern Synthesis. This theory denies the possibility that acquired traits can be inherited and instead, it argues that organisms develop by the symbiosis of environmental factors, like natural selection.<br><br>Lamarck and his contemporaries believed in the notion that acquired characters could be passed on to the next generation. However, this notion was never a major part of any of their theories on evolution. This is partly due to the fact that it was never validated scientifically.<br><br>It has been more than 200 years since the birth of Lamarck, and in the age genomics, there is an increasing evidence base that supports the heritability of acquired traits. This is referred to as "neo Lamarckism", or more commonly epigenetic inheritance. This is a variant that is as reliable as the popular neodarwinian model.<br><br>Evolution through Adaptation<br><br>One of the most widespread misconceptions about evolution is that it is driven by a type of struggle for survival. This view is inaccurate and overlooks other forces that drive evolution. The struggle for survival is more precisely described as a fight to survive in a specific environment, which could include not just other organisms but as well the physical environment.<br><br>To understand how evolution operates it is beneficial to consider what adaptation is. Adaptation is any feature that allows living organisms to live in its environment and reproduce. It could be a physiological feature, such as fur or feathers, or a behavioral trait such as a tendency to move to the shade during the heat or leaving at night to avoid the cold.<br><br>The ability of a living thing to extract energy from its environment and interact with other organisms, as well as their physical environments is essential to its survival. The organism must possess the right genes to create offspring, and must be able to locate sufficient food and other resources. The organism should be able to reproduce itself at an amount that is appropriate for its specific niche.<br><br>These factors, along with gene flow and mutation, lead to a change in the proportion of alleles (different forms of a gene) in the population's gene pool. This change in allele frequency can lead to the emergence of new traits, and eventually new species as time passes.<br><br>Many of the characteristics we appreciate in plants and animals are adaptations. For example lung or gills that draw oxygen from air feathers and fur for insulation, long legs to run away from predators and camouflage to conceal. To understand adaptation it is crucial to differentiate between physiological and behavioral traits.<br><br>Physiological adaptations like thick fur or gills are physical characteristics, whereas behavioral adaptations, like the tendency to seek out companions or to move into the shade in hot weather, are not. Additionally, it is important to understand that lack of planning is not a reason to make something an adaptation. In fact, failing to think about the consequences of a choice can render it unadaptable even though it may appear to be sensible or even necessary.