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What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the connection between context, language and [https://bibliopedia.geobib.fr/wiki/7_Simple_Tricks_To_Rolling_With_Your_Pragmatic_Game 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료] meaning. It asks questions like: What do people really think when they use words?<br><br>It's a philosophy of practical and sensible action. It's in opposition to idealism, the belief that you should always stick by your principles.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is how language users interact and communicate with each with one another. It is often viewed as a part or language, but it is different from semantics since it focuses on what the user is trying to communicate, not on what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a research area the field of pragmatics is relatively new, and its research has grown rapidly over the past few decades. It is a language academic field however, it has also influenced research in other areas like sociolinguistics, psychology, and anthropology.<br><br>There are a myriad of approaches to pragmatics that have contributed to the development and growth of this field. One of these is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which focuses primarily on the notion of intention and their interaction with the speaker's knowledge about the listener's comprehension. Other perspectives on pragmatics include the conceptual and lexical aspects of pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the variety of topics that researchers in pragmatics have researched.<br><br>The study of pragmatics has covered a wide range of subjects, including pragmatic comprehension in L2 and [https://jobpool.ng/companies/pragmatic-kr/ 프라그마틱 사이트] demand production by EFL students, and the significance of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It is also applied to social and cultural phenomena, like political discourse, discriminatory language, and interpersonal communication. Researchers studying pragmatics have employed diverse methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>The size of the knowledge base in pragmatics varies according to the database, as illustrated in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are among the top producers of pragmatics research, however their rankings differ by database. This difference is due to the fact that pragmatics is multidisciplinary and intersects with other disciplines.<br><br>It is therefore difficult to determine the top pragmatics authors based on the number of their publications. However it is possible to determine the most influential authors by examining their contributions to pragmatics. Bambini is one example. He has contributed to pragmatics by introducing concepts such as politeness and conversational implicititure theories. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also highly influential authors of the field of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is focused on the users and contexts of language use instead of focusing on reference to truth, grammar, or. It focuses on the ways in which an utterance can be understood as meaning different things from different contexts, including those caused by ambiguity or indexicality. It also focuses primarily on the strategies employed by listeners to determine whether words have a meaning that is communicative. It is closely linked to the theory of conversational implicature, which was developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>While the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is a well-known and long-established one however, there is a lot of debate about the precise boundaries of these disciplines. Some philosophers argue that the concept of sentence meaning is a component of semantics, [https://vidhiveapp.com/@pragmaticplay6632?page=about 프라그마틱 무료게임] [https://www.2heartsdating.com/@pragmaticplay8076 프라그마틱 슬롯 체험] 사이트 ([https://baseddate.com/@pragmaticplay4437 click this link here now]) whereas others insist that this particular problem should be considered pragmatic.<br><br>Another area of debate is whether the study of pragmatics is a branch of linguistics or an aspect of philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued pragmatics is an independent discipline and should be treated as part of linguistics along with phonology. syntax, semantics, etc. Others, however have argued the study of pragmatics is a component of philosophy because it deals with how our ideas about the meaning and use of languages influence our theories on how languages work.<br><br>There are several key issues in the study of pragmatics that have fuelled much of this debate. For instance, some scholars have claimed that pragmatics isn't a subject in its own right because it studies the ways in which people interpret and use language without necessarily using any data about what is actually being said. This kind of method is known as far-side pragmatics. Other scholars, however, have argued that this study should be considered a field in its own right, [https://kiwiboom.com/read-blog/978_10-healthy-pragmatic-slot-tips-habits.html 프라그마틱 무료스핀] since it examines the way in which the meaning and usage of language is dependent on cultural and social factors. This is referred to as near-side pragmatics.<br><br>Other areas of discussion in pragmatics include the way we perceive the nature of the interpretation of utterances as an inferential process, and the role that the primary pragmatic processes play in the analysis of what is being said by a speaker in a given sentence. These are topics that are discussed a bit more extensively in the papers written by Recanati and Bach. Both papers explore the notions saturation and free enrichment in the context of a pragmatic. These are crucial processes that shape the overall meaning an utterance.<br><br>What is the difference between Free Pragmatics and from Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics examines how context affects linguistic meaning. It examines the way humans use language in social interaction and the relationship between the speaker and interpreter. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are called pragmaticians.<br><br>Many different theories of pragmatics have been developed over time. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communicative intent of speakers. Others, such as Relevance Theory are focused on the processes of understanding that occur during utterance interpretation by hearers. Certain practical approaches have been put together with other disciplines such as philosophy or cognitive science.<br><br>There are different opinions about the line between semantics and pragmatics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that semantics and pragmatism are two different topics. He says that semantics deal with the relation of signs to objects they may or may not denote, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the usage of words in a context.<br><br>Other philosophers, including Bach and Harnish, have argued that pragmatics is a field that is part of semantics. They differentiate between "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concerns what is said, whereas far-side focuses on the logical implications of uttering a phrase. They claim that a portion of the 'pragmatics' that accompany an expression are already determined by semantics, while other 'pragmatics' are determined by pragmatic processes of inference.<br><br>The context is among the most important aspects of pragmatics. This means that the same utterance can have different meanings in different contexts, based on factors such as ambiguity and indexicality. Discourse structure, speaker beliefs and intentions, and listener expectations can also change the meaning of a word.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is a matter of culture. This is because different cultures have their own rules regarding what is acceptable to say in various situations. In some cultures, it's polite to make eye contact. In other cultures, it's rude.<br><br>There are many different perspectives of pragmatics, and a great deal of research is being conducted in the field. The main areas of study are computational and formal pragmatics theoretic and experimental pragmatics; cross-cultural and intercultural pragmatics; as well as clinical and experimental pragmatics.<br><br>How does Free Pragmatics compare to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The pragmatics discipline is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed by language in context. It is less concerned with the grammatical structure that is used in the utterance and more on what the speaker is actually saying. Pragmaticians are linguists who specialize in pragmatics. The topic of pragmatics has a connection to other areas of study of linguistics like semantics and syntax or philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent times, the field of pragmatics evolved in a variety of directions. This includes conversational pragmatics and computational linguistics. These areas are distinguished by a broad range of research, which addresses aspects like lexical features and the interaction between discourse, language and meaning.<br><br>One of the main issues in the philosophical debate of pragmatics is whether it is possible to develop an exhaustive, systematic view of the semantics/pragmatics interface. Some philosophers have argued that it's not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is unclear and that semantics and pragmatics are actually the same thing.<br><br>It is not unusual for scholars to go between these two positions, arguing that certain phenomena are either pragmatics or semantics. Some scholars say that if a statement is interpreted with an actual truth conditional meaning, it's semantics. Others believe that the fact that a statement could be read differently is a sign of pragmatics.<br><br>Other researchers in the field of pragmatics have taken a different stance and argue that the truth-conditional meaning a utterance has is only one of many ways that the utterance may be interpreted and that all of these ways are valid. This approach is often called far-side pragmatics.<br><br>Some recent research in pragmatics has tried to integrate semantic and far-side approaches in an effort to comprehend the entire range of possibilities for interpretation of a utterance by modeling how a speaker's beliefs and intentions contribute to the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine an Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological advances from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will consider a range of possible exhaustified versions of an utterance containing the universal FCI any and this is what makes the exclusivity implicature so reliable when in comparison to other possible implicatures.
What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the connection between context, language and meaning. It deals with questions such as what do people mean by the words they use?<br><br>It's a philosophies of practical and reasonable action. It differs from idealism which is the belief that one should adhere to their principles regardless of the circumstances.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics focuses on the way that language users communicate and interact with each and with each other. It is often seen as a component of language, however it differs from semantics since it focuses on what the user is trying to convey and not what the meaning is.<br><br>As a field of study, pragmatics is relatively new and research in the area has been expanding rapidly over the last few decades. It is a language academic field but it has also influenced research in other areas such as psychology, sociolinguistics, and Anthropology.<br><br>There are many different views on pragmatics, and they have contributed to its development and growth. One example is the Gricean approach to pragmatics, which is focused on the concept of intention and how it interacts with the speaker's comprehension of the listener's. Other perspectives on pragmatics include the conceptual and lexical approaches to pragmatics. These views have contributed to the variety of topics that pragmatics researchers have researched.<br><br>The study of pragmatics has covered a vast variety of topics, including pragmatic understanding in L2 and request production by EFL students, as well as the role of the theory of mind in physical and mental metaphors. It has been applied to social and cultural phenomena such as political speech, discriminatory speech, and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers have also used a variety of methodologies, from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>Figure 9A-C demonstrates that the size of the knowledge base on pragmatics is different according to the database utilized. The US and the UK are two of the top contributors in research on pragmatics. However, their ranking is dependent on the database. This is due to pragmatics being multidisciplinary and interspersed with other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to determine the top authors of pragmatics based on the number of publications they have. However it is possible to identify the most influential authors through analyzing their contributions to pragmatics. Bambini for instance, has contributed to pragmatics with concepts such as politeness theories and conversational implicititure. Other highly influential authors in pragmatics include Grice, Saul and Kasper.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and the users of language than it is with truth grammar, reference, or. It focuses on the ways in which an expression can be interpreted as meaning different things from different contexts as well as those triggered by indexicality or ambiguity. It also focuses on the strategies that listeners employ to determine which phrases are intended to be communicative. It is closely linked to the theory of conversational implicature, [https://saveyoursite.date/story.php?title=indisputable-proof-of-the-need-for-pragmatic-play 프라그마틱 슬롯무료] pioneered by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines are a subject of debate. While the distinction between these two disciplines is widely known, it isn't always clear how they should be drawn. For example, some philosophers have argued that the concept of sentence meaning is an aspect of semantics, while others have argued that this kind of thing should be considered as a pragmatic problem.<br><br>Another issue that has been a source of contention is whether the study of pragmatics should be regarded as a branch of linguistics or a part of the philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued that pragmatics is a field in its own right and that it should be considered an independent part of the field of linguistics, alongside syntax, [http://3.13.251.167/home.php?mod=space&uid=1253378 프라그마틱 무료체험] [http://goodjobdongguan.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=4929393 프라그마틱 무료 슬롯] 슬롯 ([https://blogfreely.net/baboonturnip9/everything-you-need-to-be-aware-of-pragmatic Blogfreely.Net]) phonology, semantics and more. Others have argued that the study of pragmatics is an aspect of philosophy because it focuses on how our notions of meaning and uses of languages influence our theories on how languages function.<br><br>There are a few key issues that arise in the study of pragmatics that have been the source of many of the debates. For example, some scholars have argued that pragmatics is not an academic discipline in and of itself because it studies the ways in which people interpret and use language, without being able to provide any information about what actually gets said. This kind of approach is referred to as far-side pragmatics. Certain scholars have argued that this research should be considered as an independent discipline because it examines how cultural and social factors influence the meaning and use language. This is called near-side pragmatism.<br><br>Other areas of discussion in pragmatics include the way we perceive the nature of the interpretation of utterances as an inferential process, and the role that the primary pragmatic processes play in the analysis of what is being said by an individual speaker in a sentence. These are topics that are more thoroughly discussed in the papers written by Recanati and Bach. Both papers address the notions of saturation as well as free pragmatic enrichment. Both are significant pragmatic processes in that they aid in shaping the overall meaning of an utterance.<br><br>What is the difference between Free Pragmatics and from Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics examines how context affects linguistic meaning. It focuses on how human language is used during social interactions and the relationship between the speaker and interpreter. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are called pragmaticians.<br><br>Different theories of pragmatics have been developed over time. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, concentrate on the communicative intention of the speaker. Relevance Theory, for example is a study of the processes of understanding that occur when listeners interpret utterances. Certain pragmatic approaches have been incorporated together with other disciplines such as philosophy or cognitive science.<br><br>There are also differing opinions on the boundary between pragmatics and semantics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that pragmatics and semantics are two different subjects. He says that semantics deals with the relationship of signs to objects which they may or not denote, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the usage of the words in context.<br><br>Other philosophers, such as Bach and Harnish have suggested that pragmatics is a subfield of semantics. They differentiate between 'near-side and far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics is concerned with what is said, whereas far-side focuses on the logical implications of uttering a phrase. They believe that a portion of the 'pragmatics' in the words spoken are already determined by semantics while the rest is defined by the processes of inference.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is context dependent. This means that the same utterance can have different meanings in different contexts, depending on factors such as ambiguity and indexicality. Other things that can change the meaning of an utterance include the structure of the discourse, speaker intentions and beliefs, as well as listener expectations.<br><br>A second aspect of pragmatics is its particularity in culture. This is because different cultures have different rules for what is acceptable to say in different situations. In certain cultures, it's considered polite to make eye contact. In other cultures, it's considered rude.<br><br>There are a variety of views of pragmatics, and a lot of research is being conducted in this field. There are a myriad of areas of study, including computational and formal pragmatics, theoretical and experimental pragmatics, cross and intercultural pragmatics of language, as well as clinical and experimentative pragmatics.<br><br>How is Free Pragmatics Similar to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics is concerned with how meaning is communicated through the language used in its context. It analyzes the ways in which the speaker's intention and beliefs affect the interpretation, and focuses less on grammaral characteristics of the expression rather than what is said. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are known as pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics is linked to other areas of the study of linguistics, such as syntax and semantics or philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years the field of pragmatics evolved in a variety of directions. These include computational linguistics as well as conversational pragmatics. These areas are distinguished by a variety of research, which focuses on issues like lexical characteristics and the interaction between discourse, language and meaning.<br><br>In the philosophical discussion of pragmatism, one of the major questions is whether it's possible to give a precise and systematic explanation of the interface between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers have argued that it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics isn't well-defined and that they're the same.<br><br>It is not unusual for scholars to debate back and forth between these two views and argue that certain events fall under either pragmatics or 무료슬롯 프라그마틱 ([http://tongcheng.jingjincloud.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=201859 http://tongcheng.jingjincloud.cn/Home.Php?mod=space&uid=201859]) semantics. For example, some scholars argue that if a statement has an actual truth-conditional meaning, then it is semantics, while other argue that the fact that a statement may be interpreted in various ways is a sign of pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have taken a different approach, arguing that the truth-conditional meaning of an expression is just one of the many ways that the word can be interpreted, and that all of these ways are valid. This method is often referred to as "far-side pragmatics".<br><br>Recent research in pragmatics has sought to integrate semantic and distant side methods. It attempts to represent the full range of interpretational possibilities that can be derived from a speaker's words by illustrating the way in which the speaker's beliefs and intentions affect the interpretation. For 슬롯 ([https://maps.google.cv/url?q=https://zenwriting.net/barbeam36/ten-myths-about-pragmatic-that-dont-always-hold Recommended Internet page]) example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine an Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will consider a range of possible exhaustified versions of a speech that contains the universal FCI any which is what makes the exclusivity implicature so robust as compared to other plausible implicatures.

Revision as of 01:18, 11 January 2025

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of the connection between context, language and meaning. It deals with questions such as what do people mean by the words they use?

It's a philosophies of practical and reasonable action. It differs from idealism which is the belief that one should adhere to their principles regardless of the circumstances.

What is Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics focuses on the way that language users communicate and interact with each and with each other. It is often seen as a component of language, however it differs from semantics since it focuses on what the user is trying to convey and not what the meaning is.

As a field of study, pragmatics is relatively new and research in the area has been expanding rapidly over the last few decades. It is a language academic field but it has also influenced research in other areas such as psychology, sociolinguistics, and Anthropology.

There are many different views on pragmatics, and they have contributed to its development and growth. One example is the Gricean approach to pragmatics, which is focused on the concept of intention and how it interacts with the speaker's comprehension of the listener's. Other perspectives on pragmatics include the conceptual and lexical approaches to pragmatics. These views have contributed to the variety of topics that pragmatics researchers have researched.

The study of pragmatics has covered a vast variety of topics, including pragmatic understanding in L2 and request production by EFL students, as well as the role of the theory of mind in physical and mental metaphors. It has been applied to social and cultural phenomena such as political speech, discriminatory speech, and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers have also used a variety of methodologies, from experimental to sociocultural.

Figure 9A-C demonstrates that the size of the knowledge base on pragmatics is different according to the database utilized. The US and the UK are two of the top contributors in research on pragmatics. However, their ranking is dependent on the database. This is due to pragmatics being multidisciplinary and interspersed with other disciplines.

This makes it difficult to determine the top authors of pragmatics based on the number of publications they have. However it is possible to identify the most influential authors through analyzing their contributions to pragmatics. Bambini for instance, has contributed to pragmatics with concepts such as politeness theories and conversational implicititure. Other highly influential authors in pragmatics include Grice, Saul and Kasper.

What is Free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and the users of language than it is with truth grammar, reference, or. It focuses on the ways in which an expression can be interpreted as meaning different things from different contexts as well as those triggered by indexicality or ambiguity. It also focuses on the strategies that listeners employ to determine which phrases are intended to be communicative. It is closely linked to the theory of conversational implicature, 프라그마틱 슬롯무료 pioneered by Paul Grice.

The boundaries between these two disciplines are a subject of debate. While the distinction between these two disciplines is widely known, it isn't always clear how they should be drawn. For example, some philosophers have argued that the concept of sentence meaning is an aspect of semantics, while others have argued that this kind of thing should be considered as a pragmatic problem.

Another issue that has been a source of contention is whether the study of pragmatics should be regarded as a branch of linguistics or a part of the philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued that pragmatics is a field in its own right and that it should be considered an independent part of the field of linguistics, alongside syntax, 프라그마틱 무료체험 프라그마틱 무료 슬롯 슬롯 (Blogfreely.Net) phonology, semantics and more. Others have argued that the study of pragmatics is an aspect of philosophy because it focuses on how our notions of meaning and uses of languages influence our theories on how languages function.

There are a few key issues that arise in the study of pragmatics that have been the source of many of the debates. For example, some scholars have argued that pragmatics is not an academic discipline in and of itself because it studies the ways in which people interpret and use language, without being able to provide any information about what actually gets said. This kind of approach is referred to as far-side pragmatics. Certain scholars have argued that this research should be considered as an independent discipline because it examines how cultural and social factors influence the meaning and use language. This is called near-side pragmatism.

Other areas of discussion in pragmatics include the way we perceive the nature of the interpretation of utterances as an inferential process, and the role that the primary pragmatic processes play in the analysis of what is being said by an individual speaker in a sentence. These are topics that are more thoroughly discussed in the papers written by Recanati and Bach. Both papers address the notions of saturation as well as free pragmatic enrichment. Both are significant pragmatic processes in that they aid in shaping the overall meaning of an utterance.

What is the difference between Free Pragmatics and from Explanatory Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics examines how context affects linguistic meaning. It focuses on how human language is used during social interactions and the relationship between the speaker and interpreter. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are called pragmaticians.

Different theories of pragmatics have been developed over time. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, concentrate on the communicative intention of the speaker. Relevance Theory, for example is a study of the processes of understanding that occur when listeners interpret utterances. Certain pragmatic approaches have been incorporated together with other disciplines such as philosophy or cognitive science.

There are also differing opinions on the boundary between pragmatics and semantics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that pragmatics and semantics are two different subjects. He says that semantics deals with the relationship of signs to objects which they may or not denote, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the usage of the words in context.

Other philosophers, such as Bach and Harnish have suggested that pragmatics is a subfield of semantics. They differentiate between 'near-side and far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics is concerned with what is said, whereas far-side focuses on the logical implications of uttering a phrase. They believe that a portion of the 'pragmatics' in the words spoken are already determined by semantics while the rest is defined by the processes of inference.

One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is context dependent. This means that the same utterance can have different meanings in different contexts, depending on factors such as ambiguity and indexicality. Other things that can change the meaning of an utterance include the structure of the discourse, speaker intentions and beliefs, as well as listener expectations.

A second aspect of pragmatics is its particularity in culture. This is because different cultures have different rules for what is acceptable to say in different situations. In certain cultures, it's considered polite to make eye contact. In other cultures, it's considered rude.

There are a variety of views of pragmatics, and a lot of research is being conducted in this field. There are a myriad of areas of study, including computational and formal pragmatics, theoretical and experimental pragmatics, cross and intercultural pragmatics of language, as well as clinical and experimentative pragmatics.

How is Free Pragmatics Similar to Explanatory Pragmatics?

The discipline of pragmatics is concerned with how meaning is communicated through the language used in its context. It analyzes the ways in which the speaker's intention and beliefs affect the interpretation, and focuses less on grammaral characteristics of the expression rather than what is said. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are known as pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics is linked to other areas of the study of linguistics, such as syntax and semantics or philosophy of language.

In recent years the field of pragmatics evolved in a variety of directions. These include computational linguistics as well as conversational pragmatics. These areas are distinguished by a variety of research, which focuses on issues like lexical characteristics and the interaction between discourse, language and meaning.

In the philosophical discussion of pragmatism, one of the major questions is whether it's possible to give a precise and systematic explanation of the interface between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers have argued that it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics isn't well-defined and that they're the same.

It is not unusual for scholars to debate back and forth between these two views and argue that certain events fall under either pragmatics or 무료슬롯 프라그마틱 (http://tongcheng.jingjincloud.cn/Home.Php?mod=space&uid=201859) semantics. For example, some scholars argue that if a statement has an actual truth-conditional meaning, then it is semantics, while other argue that the fact that a statement may be interpreted in various ways is a sign of pragmatics.

Other pragmatics researchers have taken a different approach, arguing that the truth-conditional meaning of an expression is just one of the many ways that the word can be interpreted, and that all of these ways are valid. This method is often referred to as "far-side pragmatics".

Recent research in pragmatics has sought to integrate semantic and distant side methods. It attempts to represent the full range of interpretational possibilities that can be derived from a speaker's words by illustrating the way in which the speaker's beliefs and intentions affect the interpretation. For 슬롯 (Recommended Internet page) example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine an Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will consider a range of possible exhaustified versions of a speech that contains the universal FCI any which is what makes the exclusivity implicature so robust as compared to other plausible implicatures.