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What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the connection between context, language and meaning. It addresses issues like: What do people mean by the terms they use?<br><br>It's a philosophy of practical and reasonable actions. It differs from idealism which is the belief that one should adhere to their principles regardless of what.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of ways in which language users get meaning from and [https://heavenarticle.com/author/butaneknot38-833614/ 프라그마틱 환수율] with each with each other. It is often seen as a component of language, however it differs from semantics in that it concentrates on what the user is trying to communicate, not on what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a research field, pragmatics is relatively new and research in the area has been growing rapidly over the last few decades. It is primarily an academic field of study within linguistics, however it also has an impact on research in other fields such as psychology, speech-language pathology, sociolinguistics, and anthropology.<br><br>There are many different perspectives on pragmatics that have contributed to its growth and development. One example is the Gricean approach to pragmatics, which is focused on the concept of intention and how it interacts with the speaker's knowledge of the listener's understanding. The lexical and concept perspectives on pragmatics are likewise perspectives on the topic. These views have contributed to the wide range of topics that researchers in pragmatics have investigated.<br><br>The study of pragmatics has covered a vast range topics, such as pragmatic understanding in L2 and request production by EFL students, and the role of the theory of mind in physical and mental metaphors. It has been applied to cultural and social phenomena like political discourse, discriminatory speech and interpersonal communication. Researchers studying pragmatics have employed diverse methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>The amount of knowledge base in pragmatics varies by database, as shown in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are two of the top contributors in research on pragmatics. However, their position differs based on the database. This is due to the fact that pragmatics is multidisciplinary and intersects with other disciplines.<br><br>It is therefore hard to classify the top authors in pragmatics solely according to the number of their publications. However it is possible to identify the most influential authors through analyzing their contributions to pragmatics. For  [https://minecraftcommand.science/profile/calfiris53 프라그마틱 정품] example Bambini's contribution in pragmatics is a pioneering concept such as conversational implicature, and politeness theory. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also influential authors of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics concentrates on the contexts and users of language use, rather than on reference grammar, truth, or. It focuses on the ways that an expression can be understood to mean different things from different contexts and also those caused by indexicality or ambiguity. It also focuses primarily on the strategies employed by listeners to determine which phrases have a message. It is closely related to the theory of conversative implicature, which was developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>While the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is a well-known, long-established one however, there is much debate regarding the exact boundaries of these disciplines. Some philosophers believe that the notion of meaning of sentences is a component of semantics, whereas other argue that this kind of issue should be viewed as pragmatic.<br><br>Another debate is whether pragmatics is a subfield of philosophy of language or a part of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is an autonomous discipline and should be considered a part of linguistics, along with phonology. syntax, semantics etc. Others, however, have argued that the study of pragmatics should be considered an aspect of philosophy of language because it focuses on the ways that our beliefs about the meaning and use of language influence our theories of how languages function.<br><br>There are a few key aspects of the study of pragmatics that have been the source of the debate. For example, some scholars have argued that pragmatics is not a subject in and of itself since it examines the ways people interpret and use language, without being able to provide any information about what is actually being said. This type of approach is called far-side pragmatics. Some scholars, however have argued that this study should be considered an independent discipline because it examines how cultural and social influences influence the meaning and use language. This is called near-side pragmatics.<br><br>The pragmatics field also discusses the inferential nature of utterances as well as the importance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker means in the sentence. Recanati and [https://images.google.so/url?q=https://peatix.com/user/23889687 프라그마틱 슬롯 추천] Bach discuss these topics in more detail. Both papers deal with the notions of saturation as well as free pragmatic enrichment. These are significant pragmatic processes in the sense that they help to shape the overall meaning of an utterance.<br><br>What is the difference between explanatory and free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is how the context affects the meaning of linguistics. It examines how language is utilized in social interaction, and the relationship between the interpreter and the speaker. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians.<br><br>A variety of theories of pragmatics have been developed over time. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, 프라그마틱 정품확인 [[https://cameradb.review/wiki/The_Ultimate_Glossary_Of_Terms_About_Pragmatic_Game click through the up coming website]] focus on the communicative intent of speakers. Others, like Relevance Theory, focus on the processes of understanding that occur during utterance interpretation by hearers. Certain approaches to pragmatics have been merged with other disciplines, like philosophy and cognitive science.<br><br>There are also a variety of opinions regarding the boundaries between semantics and pragmatics. Certain philosophers, such as Morris believes that pragmatics and semantics are two distinct topics. He claims semantics concerns the relationship between signs and objects they could or might not represent, while pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in context.<br><br>Other philosophers, such as Bach and Harnish have also argued that pragmatics is a subfield of semantics. They distinguish between 'nearside and far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics is focused on what is said, while far-side pragmatics focuses on the logical implications of saying something. They claim that a portion of the 'pragmatics' of the words spoken are already determined by semantics while other 'pragmatics' is defined by the processes of inference.<br><br>The context is one of the most important aspects in pragmatics. This means that the same phrase can have different meanings in different contexts, depending on factors such as ambiguity and indexicality. Other elements that can alter the meaning of an utterance include the structure of the discourse, speaker intentions and beliefs, and the expectations of the listener.<br><br>A second aspect of pragmatics is its cultural specificity. This is due to different cultures having their own rules about what is acceptable to say in various situations. For instance, it is polite in some cultures to keep eye contact while it is rude in other cultures.<br><br>There are numerous perspectives on pragmatics, and a lot of research is being conducted in this field. The main areas of research are: formal and computational pragmatics; theoretical and experimental pragmatics; cross-cultural and intercultural pragmatics; and pragmatics in the clinical and experimental sense.<br><br>How is free Pragmatics similar to explanation Pragmatics?<br><br>The pragmatics discipline is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed by language in context. It analyzes the ways in which the speaker's intention and beliefs influence interpretation, with less attention paid to grammaral characteristics of the expression instead of what is being said. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are known as pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics is linked to other areas of study of linguistics such as semantics and syntax or philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent times, [https://farrell-haynes-4.hubstack.net/20-great-tweets-of-all-time-about-pragmatic-kr/ 프라그마틱 무료스핀] the field of pragmatics developed in many different directions. This includes computational linguistics as well as conversational pragmatics. These areas are distinguished by a broad range of research, which addresses topics such as lexical features and the interplay between discourse, language and meaning.<br><br>One of the most important issues in the philosophical debate of pragmatics is whether it is possible to provide a rigorous, systematic account of the semantics/pragmatics interface. Some philosophers have claimed that it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have suggested that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is not clear and that semantics and pragmatics are really the same thing.<br><br>It is not unusual for scholars to argue between these two views and argue that certain events are either semantics or pragmatics. For example, some scholars argue that if an expression has the literal truth-conditional meaning, it is semantics. On the other hand, other argue that the fact that an utterance can be interpreted in a variety of ways is pragmatics.<br><br>Other researchers in pragmatics have taken a different view, arguing that the truth-conditional meaning a utterance has is only one among many ways in which an utterance may be interpreted and that all of these interpretations are valid. This method is often referred to as far-side pragmatics.<br><br>Recent research in pragmatics has sought to combine semantic and far side approaches. It attempts to represent the entire range of interpretive possibilities that can be derived from a speaker's words by illustrating the way in which the speaker's beliefs and intentions contribute to the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine an Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will be able to consider a variety of possible exhaustified versions of a speech that contains the universal FCI any which is what makes the exclusiveness implicature so reliable when contrasted to other possible implicatures.
What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics studies the relationship between language and context. It poses questions such as What do people actually mean when they speak in terms?<br><br>It's a philosophy that focuses on the practical and sensible actions. It's in opposition to idealism, the belief that you must abide to your convictions.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of ways in which language users gain meaning from and each one another. It is often viewed as a part of the language however, it differs from semantics in the sense that pragmatics looks at what the user intends to convey rather than what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a research field the field of pragmatics is still relatively new and its research has grown rapidly over the last few decades. It has been mostly an academic discipline within linguistics, but it also has an impact on research in other fields, such as speech-language pathology, psychology, sociolinguistics and the study of anthropology.<br><br>There are a variety of perspectives on pragmatics, which have contributed to its development and growth. One example is the Gricean approach to pragmatics, which is focused on the concept of intention and how it interacts with the speaker's knowledge of the listener's understanding. Other perspectives on pragmatics include the conceptual and lexical aspects of pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the diversity of topics that researchers in pragmatics have studied.<br><br>The research in pragmatics has covered a broad range topics, such as pragmatic understanding in L2 and [https://maps.google.cv/url?q=https://connell-lauesen-4.technetbloggers.de/the-step-by-step-guide-to-choosing-your-pragmatic 프라그마틱 슬롯 추천] request production by EFL students, and the importance of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It can also be applied to social and cultural phenomena, such as political discourse, discriminatory language, and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers have also used various methods, from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>The size of the knowledge base in pragmatics varies according to the database used, as shown in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are among the top contributors to pragmatics research, however their ranking varies by database. This is due to the fact that pragmatics is a multidisciplinary field that intersects with other disciplines.<br><br>It is therefore difficult to rank the top pragmatics authors according to the quantity of their publications. It is possible to determine influential authors by looking at their contributions to pragmatics. Bambini for instance, has contributed to pragmatics through concepts like politeness theories and conversational implicititure. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also highly influential authors of the field of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics concentrates on the contexts and users of language use rather than focusing on reference grammar, truth, or. It examines the ways that an expression can be understood as meaning different things in different contexts as well as those triggered by ambiguity or indexicality. It also focuses primarily on the strategies used by listeners to determine which words have a meaning that is communicative. It is closely related to the theory of conversational implicature developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>While the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is a well-known, long-established one There is much debate about the precise boundaries of these fields. For example some philosophers have claimed that the notion of a sentence meaning is an aspect of semantics, while others have claimed that this sort of thing should be treated as a pragmatic problem.<br><br>Another area of controversy is whether the study of pragmatics should be considered to be a linguistics branch or as a component of philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued that pragmatics is a discipline in its distinct from the other disciplines and [https://www.google.com.uy/url?q=https://squareblogs.net/weaponknight1/the-worst-advice-weve-received-on-pragmatic-product-authentication 프라그마틱 데모] should be considered an independent part of the field of linguistics along with syntax, phonology semantics, etc. Others, however have argued the study of pragmatics is an aspect of philosophy because it focuses on how our notions of meaning and uses of languages influence our theories on how languages work.<br><br>This debate has been fueled by a handful of questions that are essential to the study of pragmatics. For instance, some researchers have argued that pragmatics is not an academic discipline in and of itself since it studies the ways in which people interpret and use language, without being able to provide any information about what is actually being said. This type of approach is known as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that this field should be considered an academic discipline because it examines how social and cultural factors influence the meaning and use language. This is called near-side pragmatism.<br><br>The field of pragmatics also discusses the inferential nature and meaning of utterances, as well as the importance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining the meaning of what a speaker is expressing in the sentence. These are issues that are more thoroughly discussed in the papers of Recanati and Bach. Both of these papers discuss the notions of saturation as well as free pragmatic enrichment. These are significant pragmatic processes in the sense that they shape the overall meaning of a statement.<br><br>What is the difference between Free Pragmatics and from Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is the way in which context influences the meaning of language. It analyzes how human language is utilized in social interactions, and the relationship between the interpreter and the speaker. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians.<br><br>Many different theories of pragmatics have been developed over the years. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communication intention of a speaker. Relevance Theory for instance is a study of the processes of understanding that take place when listeners interpret the meaning of utterances. Some pragmatics theories have been combined with other disciplines, including cognitive science and philosophy.<br><br>There are different opinions about the line between semantics and pragmatics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that pragmatics and semantics are two different subjects. He argues that semantics is concerned with the relationship between signs and objects that they might or may not represent, while pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in the context.<br><br>Other philosophers like Bach and Harnish have suggested that pragmatism is an subfield within semantics. They differentiate between 'near-side' and 'far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics focuses on what is said, while far-side pragmatics focuses on the logical consequences of saying something. They believe that a portion of the 'pragmatics' in an expression are already influenced by semantics, while the rest is determined by the pragmatic processes of inference.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is contextually dependent. This means that the same phrase can mean different things in different contexts, based on things such as ambiguity and indexicality. The structure of the conversation, the beliefs of the speaker and intentions, as well listener expectations can also change the meaning of a word.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culture-specific. This is because each culture has its own rules for what is appropriate in various situations. For instance, it is acceptable in certain cultures to make eye contact while it is rude in other cultures.<br><br>There are many different views of pragmatics, and a lot of research is being done in the field. Some of the main areas of research are formal and computational pragmatics theoretic and experimental pragmatics; intercultural and cross-linguistic pragmatics; pragmatics that are experimental and [https://portal.uaptc.edu/ICS/Campus_Life/Campus_Groups/Student_Life/Discussion.jnz?portlet=Forums&screen=PostView&screenType=change&id=de9c2ab4-e774-46a0-ac01-647bec501853 프라그마틱 공식홈페이지] clinical.<br><br>How does Free Pragmatics compare to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The linguistic discipline of pragmatics is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed through the use of language in context. It evaluates the ways in which the speaker's intention and beliefs influence interpretation, and focuses less on grammaral characteristics of the expression than on what is said. Pragmaticians are linguists who focus in pragmatics. The subject of pragmatics has a connection to other areas of the study of linguistics,  [https://www.diggerslist.com/66ea523bd8f1a/about 프라그마틱 슬롯버프] such as semantics and syntax, or the philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years, the area of pragmatics has been developing in a variety of directions that include computational linguistics, conversational pragmatics, and theoretical pragmatics. There is a variety of research conducted in these areas, addressing topics such as the role of lexical elements and the interaction between discourse and language and the nature of the concept of meaning.<br><br>In the philosophical debate about pragmatism one of the most important questions is whether it is possible to provide a thorough and systematic analysis of the interplay between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers have claimed it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have suggested that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is ill-defined and [https://www.xn--72c9aa5escud2b.com/webboard/index.php?action=profile;area=forumprofile;u=2371323 프라그마틱 무료 슬롯버프] that semantics and pragmatics are actually the same thing.<br><br>The debate between these two positions is often an ongoing debate scholars argue that particular events are a part of semantics or pragmatics. Some scholars argue that if a statement carries a literal truth conditional meaning, it's semantics. Others argue that the fact that a statement could be interpreted differently is pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have taken an alternative route. They argue that the truth-conditional interpretation of a sentence is only one of many possible interpretations and that all of them are valid. This approach is often called far-side pragmatics.<br><br>Recent work in pragmatics has tried to integrate semantic and far side methods. It attempts to represent the full range of interpretational possibilities that can be derived from a speaker's words by demonstrating how the speaker's beliefs and intentions influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine a Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological advances from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will entertain many possible exhausted parses of an utterance that contains the universal FCI Any. This is the reason why the exclusivity implicature is so robust when compared to other plausible implications.

Revision as of 22:56, 17 January 2025

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics studies the relationship between language and context. It poses questions such as What do people actually mean when they speak in terms?

It's a philosophy that focuses on the practical and sensible actions. It's in opposition to idealism, the belief that you must abide to your convictions.

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of ways in which language users gain meaning from and each one another. It is often viewed as a part of the language however, it differs from semantics in the sense that pragmatics looks at what the user intends to convey rather than what the actual meaning is.

As a research field the field of pragmatics is still relatively new and its research has grown rapidly over the last few decades. It has been mostly an academic discipline within linguistics, but it also has an impact on research in other fields, such as speech-language pathology, psychology, sociolinguistics and the study of anthropology.

There are a variety of perspectives on pragmatics, which have contributed to its development and growth. One example is the Gricean approach to pragmatics, which is focused on the concept of intention and how it interacts with the speaker's knowledge of the listener's understanding. Other perspectives on pragmatics include the conceptual and lexical aspects of pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the diversity of topics that researchers in pragmatics have studied.

The research in pragmatics has covered a broad range topics, such as pragmatic understanding in L2 and 프라그마틱 슬롯 추천 request production by EFL students, and the importance of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It can also be applied to social and cultural phenomena, such as political discourse, discriminatory language, and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers have also used various methods, from experimental to sociocultural.

The size of the knowledge base in pragmatics varies according to the database used, as shown in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are among the top contributors to pragmatics research, however their ranking varies by database. This is due to the fact that pragmatics is a multidisciplinary field that intersects with other disciplines.

It is therefore difficult to rank the top pragmatics authors according to the quantity of their publications. It is possible to determine influential authors by looking at their contributions to pragmatics. Bambini for instance, has contributed to pragmatics through concepts like politeness theories and conversational implicititure. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also highly influential authors of the field of pragmatics.

What is Free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics concentrates on the contexts and users of language use rather than focusing on reference grammar, truth, or. It examines the ways that an expression can be understood as meaning different things in different contexts as well as those triggered by ambiguity or indexicality. It also focuses primarily on the strategies used by listeners to determine which words have a meaning that is communicative. It is closely related to the theory of conversational implicature developed by Paul Grice.

While the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is a well-known, long-established one There is much debate about the precise boundaries of these fields. For example some philosophers have claimed that the notion of a sentence meaning is an aspect of semantics, while others have claimed that this sort of thing should be treated as a pragmatic problem.

Another area of controversy is whether the study of pragmatics should be considered to be a linguistics branch or as a component of philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued that pragmatics is a discipline in its distinct from the other disciplines and 프라그마틱 데모 should be considered an independent part of the field of linguistics along with syntax, phonology semantics, etc. Others, however have argued the study of pragmatics is an aspect of philosophy because it focuses on how our notions of meaning and uses of languages influence our theories on how languages work.

This debate has been fueled by a handful of questions that are essential to the study of pragmatics. For instance, some researchers have argued that pragmatics is not an academic discipline in and of itself since it studies the ways in which people interpret and use language, without being able to provide any information about what is actually being said. This type of approach is known as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that this field should be considered an academic discipline because it examines how social and cultural factors influence the meaning and use language. This is called near-side pragmatism.

The field of pragmatics also discusses the inferential nature and meaning of utterances, as well as the importance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining the meaning of what a speaker is expressing in the sentence. These are issues that are more thoroughly discussed in the papers of Recanati and Bach. Both of these papers discuss the notions of saturation as well as free pragmatic enrichment. These are significant pragmatic processes in the sense that they shape the overall meaning of a statement.

What is the difference between Free Pragmatics and from Explanatory Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics is the way in which context influences the meaning of language. It analyzes how human language is utilized in social interactions, and the relationship between the interpreter and the speaker. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians.

Many different theories of pragmatics have been developed over the years. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communication intention of a speaker. Relevance Theory for instance is a study of the processes of understanding that take place when listeners interpret the meaning of utterances. Some pragmatics theories have been combined with other disciplines, including cognitive science and philosophy.

There are different opinions about the line between semantics and pragmatics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that pragmatics and semantics are two different subjects. He argues that semantics is concerned with the relationship between signs and objects that they might or may not represent, while pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in the context.

Other philosophers like Bach and Harnish have suggested that pragmatism is an subfield within semantics. They differentiate between 'near-side' and 'far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics focuses on what is said, while far-side pragmatics focuses on the logical consequences of saying something. They believe that a portion of the 'pragmatics' in an expression are already influenced by semantics, while the rest is determined by the pragmatic processes of inference.

One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is contextually dependent. This means that the same phrase can mean different things in different contexts, based on things such as ambiguity and indexicality. The structure of the conversation, the beliefs of the speaker and intentions, as well listener expectations can also change the meaning of a word.

Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culture-specific. This is because each culture has its own rules for what is appropriate in various situations. For instance, it is acceptable in certain cultures to make eye contact while it is rude in other cultures.

There are many different views of pragmatics, and a lot of research is being done in the field. Some of the main areas of research are formal and computational pragmatics theoretic and experimental pragmatics; intercultural and cross-linguistic pragmatics; pragmatics that are experimental and 프라그마틱 공식홈페이지 clinical.

How does Free Pragmatics compare to Explanatory Pragmatics?

The linguistic discipline of pragmatics is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed through the use of language in context. It evaluates the ways in which the speaker's intention and beliefs influence interpretation, and focuses less on grammaral characteristics of the expression than on what is said. Pragmaticians are linguists who focus in pragmatics. The subject of pragmatics has a connection to other areas of the study of linguistics, 프라그마틱 슬롯버프 such as semantics and syntax, or the philosophy of language.

In recent years, the area of pragmatics has been developing in a variety of directions that include computational linguistics, conversational pragmatics, and theoretical pragmatics. There is a variety of research conducted in these areas, addressing topics such as the role of lexical elements and the interaction between discourse and language and the nature of the concept of meaning.

In the philosophical debate about pragmatism one of the most important questions is whether it is possible to provide a thorough and systematic analysis of the interplay between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers have claimed it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have suggested that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is ill-defined and 프라그마틱 무료 슬롯버프 that semantics and pragmatics are actually the same thing.

The debate between these two positions is often an ongoing debate scholars argue that particular events are a part of semantics or pragmatics. Some scholars argue that if a statement carries a literal truth conditional meaning, it's semantics. Others argue that the fact that a statement could be interpreted differently is pragmatics.

Other pragmatics researchers have taken an alternative route. They argue that the truth-conditional interpretation of a sentence is only one of many possible interpretations and that all of them are valid. This approach is often called far-side pragmatics.

Recent work in pragmatics has tried to integrate semantic and far side methods. It attempts to represent the full range of interpretational possibilities that can be derived from a speaker's words by demonstrating how the speaker's beliefs and intentions influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine a Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological advances from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will entertain many possible exhausted parses of an utterance that contains the universal FCI Any. This is the reason why the exclusivity implicature is so robust when compared to other plausible implications.