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What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the connection between context, language and meaning. It asks questions like: What do people really think when they use words?<br><br>It's a philosophy that is based on practical and reasonable actions. It's in contrast to idealism, the notion that you must abide by your principles.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the ways in which language users find meaning from and [https://bookmarksoflife.com/story3803727/10-facts-about-pragmatic-image-that-will-instantly-get-you-into-a-great-mood 프라그마틱 슬롯 환수율] each one another. It is often viewed as a part of a language, however it differs from semantics because pragmatics concentrates on what the user is trying to convey and not what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a research area, pragmatics is relatively new, and its research has been growing rapidly over the last few decades. It has been mostly an academic field of study within linguistics but it also influences research in other fields, such as psychology, speech-language pathology, sociolinguistics, and the study of anthropology.<br><br>There are many different perspectives on pragmatics, and they have contributed to its growth and development. One is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which focuses on the notion of intention and their interaction with the speaker's knowledge about the listener's comprehension. The lexical and  [https://bookmarkspring.com/story13087807/how-to-recognize-the-pragmatic-free-trial-meta-that-s-right-for-you 프라그마틱 정품 사이트] [https://onlybookmarkings.com/story18255392/15-best-documentaries-on-pragmatic-slot-buff 프라그마틱 슬롯 하는법] 하는법 ([https://mylittlebookmark.com/story3823237/three-greatest-moments-in-pragmatic-image-history Full Post]) concept perspectives on pragmatics are likewise perspectives on the subject. These views have contributed to the variety of topics that pragmatics researchers have researched.<br><br>The research in pragmatics has covered a broad variety of topics, including pragmatic comprehension in L2 and demand production by EFL students, and the role of the theory of mind in physical and mental metaphors. It has been applied to cultural and social phenomena such as political discourse, discriminatory speech, and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers also have employed diverse methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>Figure 9A-C demonstrates that the size of the knowledge base for pragmatics differs according to the database used. The US and the UK are among the top producers of pragmatics research, but their ranking varies by database. This is due to pragmatics being multidisciplinary and interspersed with other disciplines.<br><br>It is therefore hard to classify the top pragmatics authors according to the number of their publications. However it is possible to determine the most influential authors through analyzing their contributions to pragmatics. Bambini, for example, has contributed to pragmatics through concepts like conversational implicititure and politeness theories. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also influential authors of the field of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and language users as opposed to the study of truth grammar, reference, or. It focuses on the ways in which one expression can be understood to mean various things depending on the context, including those caused by ambiguity or indexicality. It also focuses primarily on the strategies used by listeners to determine if words have a meaning that is communicative. It is closely linked to the theory of conversative implicature which was developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines is a matter of debate. While the distinction between these two disciplines is widely known, it isn't always clear where the lines should be drawn. For instance philosophers have suggested that the concept of sentence's meaning is an aspect of semantics. Others have argued that this kind of thing should be treated as a pragmatic problem.<br><br>Another issue is whether pragmatics is a subfield of philosophy of language or a subset of the study of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have argued pragmatics is an independent discipline and should be treated as part of linguistics alongside the study of phonology. syntax, semantics, etc. Others, however, have suggested that the study of pragmatics is an aspect of philosophy of language since it examines the ways that our concepts of the meaning and use of language affect our theories about how languages work.<br><br>There are a few major issues that arise in the study of pragmatics that have fueled the debate. For instance, some researchers have claimed that pragmatics isn't a subject in its own right because it examines the ways people interpret and use language, without being able to provide any information about what is actually being said. This type of approach is known as far-side pragmatics. Others, however, have argued that this study is a discipline in its own right since it examines the way in which the meaning and use of language is affected by cultural and social factors. This is called near-side pragmatics.<br><br>Other areas of discussion in pragmatics are the ways in which we understand the nature of the interpretation of utterances as an inferential process and the role that the primary pragmatic processes play in the determining of what is said by a speaker in a given sentence. These are issues that are more thoroughly discussed in the papers by Recanati and Bach. Both of these papers discuss the notions of saturation as well as free pragmatic enrichment. These are important pragmatic processes in the sense that they shape the meaning of an utterance.<br><br>What is the difference between free and explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is the way in which context influences the meaning of language. It evaluates how human language is used in social interactions, as well as the relationship between the speaker and the interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists that focus on pragmatics.<br><br>Over the years, a variety of theories of pragmatism have been developed. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communicative intent of the speaker. Others, such as Relevance Theory, focus on the understanding processes that occur during utterance interpretation by listeners. Certain pragmatic approaches have been incorporated together with other disciplines such as philosophy or 프라그마틱 카지노 - [https://bookmarkgenious.com/story18450613/7-little-changes-that-ll-make-a-huge-difference-in-your-pragmatic-korea Read More On this page], cognitive science.<br><br>There are also differing views on the borderline of pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers, such as Morris believes that pragmatics and semantics are two distinct subjects. He claims semantics concerns the relationship between signs and objects that they might or may not represent, while pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in a context.<br><br>Other philosophers, including Bach and Harnish, have argued that pragmatics is a subfield of semantics. They differentiate between "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics is focused on what is said, whereas far-side pragmatics concentrates on the logical implications of saying something. They claim that a portion of the 'pragmatics' in an utterance is already influenced by semantics, while other 'pragmatics' is defined by the processes of inference.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is contextually dependent. This means that the same word could have different meanings in different contexts, based on factors such as indexicality and ambiguity. The structure of the conversation, the beliefs of the speaker and intentions, as well as expectations of the listener can alter the meaning of a word.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is its particularity to the culture. This is due to different cultures having their own rules regarding what is acceptable to say in different situations. In some cultures, it's considered polite to look at each other. In other cultures, it's considered rude.<br><br>There are many different perspectives of pragmatics, and lots of research is being conducted in this field. Some of the main areas of study are formal and computational pragmatics; theoretical and experimental pragmatics; intercultural and cross-linguistic pragmatics; and pragmatics in the clinical and experimental sense.<br><br>How is free Pragmatics similar to explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The pragmatics discipline is concerned with the way meaning is communicated by language in context. It is less concerned with the grammatical structure of the utterance and more on what the speaker is actually saying. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are known as pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics has a link to other areas of the study of linguistics such as semantics and syntax, or the philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years, the field of pragmatics has developed in a variety of directions that include computational linguistics, conversational pragmatics, and theoretical pragmatics. These areas are characterized by a broad range of research that addresses topics such as lexical features and the interaction between discourse, language and meaning.<br><br>In the philosophical debate on pragmatism one of the most important questions is whether it is possible to give a precise and systematic analysis of the relationship between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers have argued that it's not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have claimed that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is not clear and that semantics and pragmatics are really the same thing.<br><br>It is not unusual for scholars to go between these two perspectives and argue that certain events are either semantics or pragmatics. For  [https://hylistings.com/story19364647/the-reason-why-pragmatic-experience-is-everyone-s-obsession-in-2024 프라그마틱 정품확인방법] example certain scholars argue that if an utterance has a literal truth-conditional meaning then it is semantics, while other argue that the fact that an utterance may be interpreted in various ways is pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have taken a different approach, arguing that the truth-conditional meaning of an expression is only one of many ways in which an utterance may be interpreted and that all interpretations are valid. This is often referred to as "far-side pragmatics".<br><br>Some recent work in pragmatics has sought to combine both approaches, attempting to capture the entire range of possibilities of an utterance's interpretation by modeling how a speaker's intentions and beliefs influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine the Gricean game theory model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). This model predicts that listeners will be able to consider a variety of possible exhaustified versions of a speech that contains the universal FCI any and this is what makes the exclusivity implicature so robust as contrasted to other possible implicatures.
What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the connection between context, language and meaning. It addresses questions such as What do people really mean when they use words?<br><br>It's a philosophy that focuses on the practical and sensible actions. It's in contrast to idealism, the belief that you must always abide to your beliefs.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the ways that people who speak get meaning from and with each other. It is typically thought of as a part of the language however, it differs from semantics in the sense that pragmatics looks at what the user is trying to convey rather than what the meaning actually is.<br><br>As a research field it is comparatively new, and [https://telegra.ph/12-Stats-About-Pragmatic-Free-To-Make-You-Think-About-The-Other-People-12-16 프라그마틱 슬롯버프] 무료 슬롯 - [https://telegra.ph/Say-Yes-To-These-5-Pragmatic-Demo-Tips-12-16 Read Full Report], its research has grown rapidly over the past few decades. It is a linguistics-related academic field but it has also affected research in other areas like sociolinguistics, psychology, and the field of anthropology.<br><br>There are many different perspectives on pragmatics, and they have contributed to its growth and development. One is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which is based primarily on the notions of intention and its interaction with the speaker's knowledge of the listener's comprehension. Conceptual and lexical approaches to pragmatics are also perspectives on the topic. These perspectives have contributed to the variety of subjects that researchers studying pragmatics have investigated.<br><br>The study of pragmatics has focused on a wide range of topics that include L2 pragmatic comprehension and request production by EFL learners and the role of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It has been applied to social and cultural phenomena like political discourse, discriminatory speech, and interpersonal communication. Researchers in pragmatics have used a wide range of methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>The amount of knowledge base in pragmatics differs according to the database used, as shown in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are two of the top contributors in research on pragmatics. However, their rank is dependent on the database. This is due to the fact that pragmatics is an interconnected field that is inextricably linked with other disciplines.<br><br>It is therefore hard to classify the top authors in pragmatics solely by the number of publications they have published. However it is possible to determine the most influential authors through analyzing their contributions to pragmatics. For example Bambini's contribution to the field of pragmatics has led to concepts like conversational implicature and politeness theory. Other highly influential authors in the field of pragmatics include Grice, Saul and Kasper.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and users of language as opposed to the study of truth grammar, reference, or. It studies the ways in which one utterance can be understood as meaning various things depending on the context as well as those triggered by ambiguity or indexicality. It also focuses primarily on the strategies employed by listeners to determine whether words have a meaning that is communicative. It is closely connected to the theory of conversative implicature which was developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>While the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is a well-known and long-established one, there is much debate about the precise boundaries of these disciplines. Some philosophers believe that the concept of sentence meaning is a part of semantics, whereas other claim that this type of problem should be treated as pragmatic.<br><br>Another area of debate is whether the study of pragmatics should be regarded as to be a linguistics branch or as a component of philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued that pragmatics is a subject in its own right and that it should be treated as a distinct part of the field of linguistics along with syntax, phonology semantics and so on. Others, however, have suggested that the study of pragmatics should be viewed as an aspect of philosophy of language because it examines the ways that our concepts of the meaning and uses of language influence our theories of how languages work.<br><br>There are a few major aspects of the study of pragmatics that have been the source of much of this debate. For instance, some researchers have claimed that pragmatics isn't a subject in its own right because it studies the ways in which people interpret and use language without using any data about what is actually being said. This type of approach is referred to as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that this study ought to be considered a discipline of its own because it studies how social and cultural influences affect the meaning and use language. This is known as near-side pragmatics.<br><br>The pragmatics field also discusses the inferential nature of utterances and the role of primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker is saying in the sentence. These are the issues discussed a bit more extensively in the papers written by Recanati and Bach. Both of these papers discuss the notions of saturation and free pragmatic enrichment. These are significant pragmatic processes in that they aid in shaping the overall meaning of a statement.<br><br>What is the difference between explanatory and free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics examines how context affects linguistic meaning. It examines how language is used in social interactions, as well as the relationship between the interpreter and the speaker. Pragmaticians are linguists who specialize on pragmatics.<br><br>Over the years, [https://lovewiki.faith/wiki/14_Creative_Ways_To_Spend_Leftover_Pragmatic_Korea_Budget 프라그마틱 체험] many theories of pragmatism have been proposed. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, focus on the intention of communication of a speaker. Relevance Theory, for example, focuses on the processes of understanding that occur when listeners interpret the meaning of utterances. Some pragmatic approaches have been combined with other disciplines, like philosophy or cognitive science.<br><br>There are also divergent opinions on the boundary between pragmatics and semantics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that pragmatics and semantics are two different topics. He says that semantics deals with the relation of signs to objects they may or not denote, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in context.<br><br>Other philosophers, like Bach and Harnish have suggested that pragmatics is a subfield of semantics. They distinguish between "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concerns what is said while far-side is focused on the logical implications of uttering a phrase. They claim that semantics already determines certain aspects of the meaning of an utterance, while other pragmatics are determined by pragmatic processes.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is contextually dependent. This means that a single utterance can have different meanings based on the context, such as indexicality or ambiguity. Other elements that can alter the meaning of an utterance are the structure of the speech, the speaker's intentions and beliefs, and the expectations of the listener.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is a matter of culture. This is because each culture has its own rules regarding what is acceptable in various situations. For instance, it's acceptable in certain cultures to make eye contact but it is considered rude in other cultures.<br><br>There are many different views of pragmatics, and a lot of research is being conducted in this field. There are a myriad of areas of research, including formal and computational pragmatics as well as experimental and theoretical pragmatics, intercultural and cross linguistic pragmatics and pragmatics in the clinical and experimental sense.<br><br>How is free Pragmatics similar to explanation Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics, a linguistic field, is concerned with how meaning is conveyed through language use in context. It examines how the speaker's intentions and beliefs contribute to interpretation, and focuses less on grammaral characteristics of the expression rather than what is said. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are called pragmaticians. The subject of pragmatics is linked to other areas of study of linguistics, such as semantics and syntax or the philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years, the field of pragmatics has developed in various directions, including computational linguistics, pragmatics in conversation, and theoretical pragmatics. There is a broad range of research that is conducted in these areas, addressing topics such as the role of lexical characteristics as well as the interaction between language and discourse and the nature of meaning itself.<br><br>In the philosophical debate about pragmatism, one of the major questions is whether it's possible to give a precise and systematic analysis of the relationship between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers have argued that it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is not clear and that pragmatics and [https://click4r.com/posts/g/18700678/the-top-pragmatic-experts-have-been-doing-three-things 프라그마틱 슬롯 하는법] semantics are in fact the same thing.<br><br>It is not unusual for scholars to go between these two positions and argue that certain events fall under either semantics or pragmatics. For instance certain scholars argue that if a statement has the literal truth-conditional meaning,  프라그마틱 카지노; [https://k12.instructure.com/eportfolios/907835/home/you-are-responsible-for-a-how-to-check-the-authenticity-of-pragmatic-budget-12-ways-to-spend-your-money K12.Instructure.Com], it is semantics, while other argue that the fact that an expression may be interpreted in various ways is a sign of pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have adopted an alternative route. They claim that the truth-conditional interpretation of a statement is just one of many possible interpretations and that they are all valid. This is commonly known as far-side pragmatics.<br><br>Some recent research in pragmatics has tried to integrate semantic and far-side approaches in an effort to comprehend the entire range of possibilities of an utterance's interpretation by modeling how a speaker's intentions and beliefs affect the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine a Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will be entertained by a variety of exhausted parses of a speech utterance that includes the universal FCI Any. This is the reason why the exclusiveness implicature is so robust compared to other plausible implications.

Revision as of 10:56, 18 January 2025

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of the connection between context, language and meaning. It addresses questions such as What do people really mean when they use words?

It's a philosophy that focuses on the practical and sensible actions. It's in contrast to idealism, the belief that you must always abide to your beliefs.

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of the ways that people who speak get meaning from and with each other. It is typically thought of as a part of the language however, it differs from semantics in the sense that pragmatics looks at what the user is trying to convey rather than what the meaning actually is.

As a research field it is comparatively new, and 프라그마틱 슬롯버프 무료 슬롯 - Read Full Report, its research has grown rapidly over the past few decades. It is a linguistics-related academic field but it has also affected research in other areas like sociolinguistics, psychology, and the field of anthropology.

There are many different perspectives on pragmatics, and they have contributed to its growth and development. One is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which is based primarily on the notions of intention and its interaction with the speaker's knowledge of the listener's comprehension. Conceptual and lexical approaches to pragmatics are also perspectives on the topic. These perspectives have contributed to the variety of subjects that researchers studying pragmatics have investigated.

The study of pragmatics has focused on a wide range of topics that include L2 pragmatic comprehension and request production by EFL learners and the role of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It has been applied to social and cultural phenomena like political discourse, discriminatory speech, and interpersonal communication. Researchers in pragmatics have used a wide range of methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.

The amount of knowledge base in pragmatics differs according to the database used, as shown in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are two of the top contributors in research on pragmatics. However, their rank is dependent on the database. This is due to the fact that pragmatics is an interconnected field that is inextricably linked with other disciplines.

It is therefore hard to classify the top authors in pragmatics solely by the number of publications they have published. However it is possible to determine the most influential authors through analyzing their contributions to pragmatics. For example Bambini's contribution to the field of pragmatics has led to concepts like conversational implicature and politeness theory. Other highly influential authors in the field of pragmatics include Grice, Saul and Kasper.

What is Free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and users of language as opposed to the study of truth grammar, reference, or. It studies the ways in which one utterance can be understood as meaning various things depending on the context as well as those triggered by ambiguity or indexicality. It also focuses primarily on the strategies employed by listeners to determine whether words have a meaning that is communicative. It is closely connected to the theory of conversative implicature which was developed by Paul Grice.

While the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is a well-known and long-established one, there is much debate about the precise boundaries of these disciplines. Some philosophers believe that the concept of sentence meaning is a part of semantics, whereas other claim that this type of problem should be treated as pragmatic.

Another area of debate is whether the study of pragmatics should be regarded as to be a linguistics branch or as a component of philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued that pragmatics is a subject in its own right and that it should be treated as a distinct part of the field of linguistics along with syntax, phonology semantics and so on. Others, however, have suggested that the study of pragmatics should be viewed as an aspect of philosophy of language because it examines the ways that our concepts of the meaning and uses of language influence our theories of how languages work.

There are a few major aspects of the study of pragmatics that have been the source of much of this debate. For instance, some researchers have claimed that pragmatics isn't a subject in its own right because it studies the ways in which people interpret and use language without using any data about what is actually being said. This type of approach is referred to as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that this study ought to be considered a discipline of its own because it studies how social and cultural influences affect the meaning and use language. This is known as near-side pragmatics.

The pragmatics field also discusses the inferential nature of utterances and the role of primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker is saying in the sentence. These are the issues discussed a bit more extensively in the papers written by Recanati and Bach. Both of these papers discuss the notions of saturation and free pragmatic enrichment. These are significant pragmatic processes in that they aid in shaping the overall meaning of a statement.

What is the difference between explanatory and free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics examines how context affects linguistic meaning. It examines how language is used in social interactions, as well as the relationship between the interpreter and the speaker. Pragmaticians are linguists who specialize on pragmatics.

Over the years, 프라그마틱 체험 many theories of pragmatism have been proposed. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, focus on the intention of communication of a speaker. Relevance Theory, for example, focuses on the processes of understanding that occur when listeners interpret the meaning of utterances. Some pragmatic approaches have been combined with other disciplines, like philosophy or cognitive science.

There are also divergent opinions on the boundary between pragmatics and semantics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that pragmatics and semantics are two different topics. He says that semantics deals with the relation of signs to objects they may or not denote, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in context.

Other philosophers, like Bach and Harnish have suggested that pragmatics is a subfield of semantics. They distinguish between "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concerns what is said while far-side is focused on the logical implications of uttering a phrase. They claim that semantics already determines certain aspects of the meaning of an utterance, while other pragmatics are determined by pragmatic processes.

One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is contextually dependent. This means that a single utterance can have different meanings based on the context, such as indexicality or ambiguity. Other elements that can alter the meaning of an utterance are the structure of the speech, the speaker's intentions and beliefs, and the expectations of the listener.

Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is a matter of culture. This is because each culture has its own rules regarding what is acceptable in various situations. For instance, it's acceptable in certain cultures to make eye contact but it is considered rude in other cultures.

There are many different views of pragmatics, and a lot of research is being conducted in this field. There are a myriad of areas of research, including formal and computational pragmatics as well as experimental and theoretical pragmatics, intercultural and cross linguistic pragmatics and pragmatics in the clinical and experimental sense.

How is free Pragmatics similar to explanation Pragmatics?

The discipline of pragmatics, a linguistic field, is concerned with how meaning is conveyed through language use in context. It examines how the speaker's intentions and beliefs contribute to interpretation, and focuses less on grammaral characteristics of the expression rather than what is said. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are called pragmaticians. The subject of pragmatics is linked to other areas of study of linguistics, such as semantics and syntax or the philosophy of language.

In recent years, the field of pragmatics has developed in various directions, including computational linguistics, pragmatics in conversation, and theoretical pragmatics. There is a broad range of research that is conducted in these areas, addressing topics such as the role of lexical characteristics as well as the interaction between language and discourse and the nature of meaning itself.

In the philosophical debate about pragmatism, one of the major questions is whether it's possible to give a precise and systematic analysis of the relationship between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers have argued that it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is not clear and that pragmatics and 프라그마틱 슬롯 하는법 semantics are in fact the same thing.

It is not unusual for scholars to go between these two positions and argue that certain events fall under either semantics or pragmatics. For instance certain scholars argue that if a statement has the literal truth-conditional meaning, 프라그마틱 카지노; K12.Instructure.Com, it is semantics, while other argue that the fact that an expression may be interpreted in various ways is a sign of pragmatics.

Other pragmatics researchers have adopted an alternative route. They claim that the truth-conditional interpretation of a statement is just one of many possible interpretations and that they are all valid. This is commonly known as far-side pragmatics.

Some recent research in pragmatics has tried to integrate semantic and far-side approaches in an effort to comprehend the entire range of possibilities of an utterance's interpretation by modeling how a speaker's intentions and beliefs affect the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine a Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will be entertained by a variety of exhausted parses of a speech utterance that includes the universal FCI Any. This is the reason why the exclusiveness implicature is so robust compared to other plausible implications.