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What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the connection between context, language and meaning. It poses questions such as: What do people really mean when they speak in terms?<br><br>It's a philosophy of practical and reasonable action. It is in contrast to idealism, which is the belief that you must abide by your principles.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the ways that language users get meaning from and with each with each other. It is often viewed as a component of language however it differs from semantics because pragmatics studies what the user is trying to convey, not what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a research area, pragmatics is relatively new, and its research has grown rapidly over the past few decades. It is a linguistics academic field, but it has also had an impact on research in other fields like sociolinguistics, psychology, and anthropology.<br><br>There are many different perspectives on pragmatics, which have contributed to its development and  [https://madesocials.com/story3451748/learn-the-pragmatic-free-trial-tricks-the-celebs-are-using 프라그마틱 이미지] growth. For  슬롯 [[https://bookmarkinglive.com/story18832672/why-pragmatic-might-be-your-next-big-obsession read this blog post from bookmarkinglive.com]] example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics which is focused on the concept of intention and how it relates to the speaker's understanding of the listener's. Other perspectives on pragmatics include lexical and conceptual approaches to pragmatics. These views have contributed to the variety of topics that pragmatics researchers have studied.<br><br>Research in pragmatics has focused on a broad range of subjects such as L2 pragmatic understanding and production of requests by EFL learners and the role of theory of mind in both mental and physical metaphors. It has also been applied to cultural and social phenomena, such as political discourse, discriminatory language and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers also have employed diverse methodologies, from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>Figure 9A-C illustrates that the size of the knowledge base on pragmatics is different according to the database used. The US and the UK are among the top producers of pragmatics research, but their ranking varies by database. This is due to pragmatics being multidisciplinary and interspersed with other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to classify the top authors in pragmatics according to their publications only. However it is possible to identify the most influential authors by looking at their contributions to pragmatics. Bambini for instance, has contributed to pragmatics with concepts such as politeness and conversational implicititure theories. Other authors who have been influential in the field of pragmatics include Grice, Saul and Kasper.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is focused on the contexts and users of language use, rather than on reference, truth, or grammar. It focuses on how one phrase can be interpreted differently in different contexts. This includes ambiguity and indexicality. It also focuses on the strategies that hearers use to determine whether utterances are intended to be communicated. It is closely connected to the theory of conversational implicature which was developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines are a subject of debate. While the distinction between these two disciplines is well-known, it is not always clear where the lines should be drawn. For instance some philosophers have claimed that the notion of a sentence's meaning is a part of semantics, while others have claimed that this sort of thing should be considered as a pragmatic problem.<br><br>Another issue that has been a source of contention is whether the study of pragmatics should be regarded as an linguistics-related branch or an aspect of philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued that pragmatics is a subject in its distinct from the other disciplines and should be treated as a distinct part of linguistics alongside phonology, syntax semantics and so on. Others, however have argued the study of pragmatics is an aspect of philosophy since it deals with how our notions of meaning and [https://captainbookmark.com/story18022477/10-real-reasons-people-dislike-pragmatic-authenticity-verification-pragmatic-authenticity-verification 프라그마틱 무료 슬롯] uses of languages influence our theories of how languages work.<br><br>This debate has been fueled by a few key issues that are fundamental to the study of pragmatism. For instance, some researchers have claimed that pragmatics isn't an academic discipline in its own right because it studies the ways in which people interpret and use language, without being able to provide any information about what actually gets said. This sort of approach is called far-side pragmatics. Other scholars, however, have argued that the study is a discipline in its own right, since it examines the way in which the meaning and use of language is affected by cultural and social factors. This is called near-side pragmatism.<br><br>The field of pragmatics also discusses the inferential nature and meaning of utterances, as well as the role of primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker is saying in a sentence. Recanati and Bach examine these issues in greater depth. Both papers deal with the notions of saturation as well as free pragmatic enrichment. These are important pragmatic processes in that they shape the meaning of an expression.<br><br>How is Free Pragmatics Different from Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of how context contributes to the meaning of language. It focuses on how human language is used during social interaction and the relationship between the speaker and interpreter. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are known as pragmaticians.<br><br>A variety of theories of pragmatics have been developed over the years. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, concentrate on the communicative intention of a speaker. Others, such as Relevance Theory concentrate on the understanding processes that occur during the interpretation of utterances by hearers. Some practical approaches have been put together with other disciplines such as cognitive science or philosophy.<br><br>There are also a variety of views regarding the boundary between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers, like Morris, believe that pragmatics and semantics are two distinct subjects. He says that semantics deal with the relation of signs to objects they may or may not denote, whereas pragmatics deals with the use of words in context.<br><br>Other philosophers, like Bach and Harnish, have argued that pragmatics is a subfield within semantics. They differentiate between 'near-side' and 'far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics focuses on the words spoken, while far-side pragmatics focuses on the logical implications of saying something. They believe that some of the 'pragmatics' in an expression are already determined by semantics, while other 'pragmatics' is determined by the pragmatic processes of inference.<br><br>The context is among the most important aspects in pragmatics. This means that the same word could have different meanings in different contexts, depending on things like indexicality and ambiguity. Discourse structure, speaker beliefs and intentions, as well as listener expectations can also change the meaning of a phrase.<br><br>A second aspect of pragmatics is its cultural specificity. It is because every culture has its own rules about what is acceptable in various situations. For instance, it's acceptable in certain cultures to keep eye contact but it is considered rude in other cultures.<br><br>There are many different perspectives on pragmatics and [https://one-bookmark.com/story18017406/responsible-for-a-pragmatic-korea-budget-12-best-ways-to-spend-your-money 프라그마틱 추천] much research is being conducted in this field. Some of the most important areas of research are computational and formal pragmatics as well as experimental and theoretical pragmatics; cross-cultural and intercultural pragmatics; and pragmatics that are experimental and clinical.<br><br>How does free Pragmatics compare to explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics in linguistics is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed through the use of language in a context. It is less concerned with the grammatical structure of the utterance and more on what the speaker is actually saying. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are called pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics is connected to other linguistics areas, [https://ticketsbookmarks.com/story17992333/the-10-worst-how-to-check-the-authenticity-of-pragmatic-errors-of-all-time-could-have-been-prevented 프라그마틱 순위] such as syntax, semantics, and philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent times the field of pragmatics developed in many different directions. These include conversational pragmatics and computational linguistics. These areas are characterized by a variety of research that addresses issues like lexical characteristics and the interaction between discourse, language and meaning.<br><br>One of the most important issues in the philosophical discussion of pragmatics is whether it is possible to provide a rigorous, systematic account of the semantics/pragmatics interface. Some philosophers have claimed that it's not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is not well-defined and that they are the same thing.<br><br>The debate between these two positions is often an ongoing debate, with scholars arguing that particular phenomena are a part of either semantics or pragmatics. For instance certain scholars argue that if an utterance has an actual truth-conditional meaning, then it is semantics, whereas other argue that the fact that an utterance may be interpreted in various ways is a sign of pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have adopted an alternative approach. They claim that the truth-conditional interpretation of a sentence is just one of the many possible interpretations, and that all interpretations are valid. This method is often referred to as far-side pragmatics.<br><br>Recent work in pragmatics has tried to combine semantic and far side methods. It tries to capture the full range of interpretational possibilities that can be derived from a speaker's words, by modeling how the speaker's beliefs and intentions contribute to the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine the Gricean game theory model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technical innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will have to entertain a myriad of exhausted interpretations of an speech that is a part of the universal FCI Any, and that is why the exclusiveness implicature is so robust in comparison to other possible implications.
What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the connection between context, language and meaning. It asks questions like: What do people really mean when they use words?<br><br>It's a philosophy that is focused on practical and reasonable actions. It is in contrast to idealism which is the belief that one should adhere to their principles regardless of the circumstances.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is the way that language users communicate and interact with each other. It is typically thought of as a part of the language however, it differs from semantics in the sense that pragmatics examines what the user is trying to convey, not what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a research field, pragmatics is relatively new, and its research has been growing rapidly over the past few decades. It has been primarily an academic field of study within linguistics, however it also has an impact on research in other fields such as speech-language pathology, psychology sociolinguistics, and the study of anthropology.<br><br>There are many different perspectives on pragmatics, which have contributed to its growth and development. One is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which is based primarily on the notions of intention and the interaction with the speaker's knowledge of the listener's understanding. Other perspectives on pragmatics include the lexical and conceptual approaches to pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the wide range of subjects that pragmatics researchers have investigated.<br><br>The study of pragmatics has covered a broad range of subjects, including L2 pragmatic comprehension and request production by EFL students, as well as the role of the theory of mind in physical and mental metaphors. It has been applied to social and cultural phenomena like political speech, discriminatory speech, and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers also have employed diverse methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>The amount of knowledge base in pragmatics is different by database, as shown in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are among the top researchers in pragmatics research, however their positions differ based on the database. This difference is due to the fact that pragmatics is an interconnected field that is inextricably linked with other disciplines.<br><br>It is therefore difficult to rank the top authors in pragmatics solely by the quantity of their publications. It is possible to identify influential authors based on their contributions to pragmatics. Bambini is one example. He has contributed to pragmatics through concepts like conversational implicititure and politeness theories. Other authors who have been influential in pragmatics include Grice, Saul and Kasper.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics focuses on the users and contexts of language use, rather than on reference, truth, or grammar. It examines how a single utterance may be understood differently in different contexts. This includes ambiguity as well as indexicality. It also focuses primarily on the strategies employed by listeners to determine if words have a meaning that is communicative. It is closely linked to the theory of conversative implicature, which was first developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines are a subject of debate. While the distinction between these two disciplines is well-known, it is not always clear where they should be drawn. For example some philosophers have claimed that the notion of a sentence's meaning is a part of semantics while others have claimed that this sort of thing should be treated as a pragmatic problem.<br><br>Another issue is whether pragmatics is a branch of philosophy of languages or a subset of the study of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is a subject in its distinct from the other disciplines and should be considered a distinct part of the field of linguistics, alongside syntax, phonology semantics and so on. Others have suggested the study of pragmatics is an aspect of philosophy because it deals with the way in which our beliefs about meaning and uses of languages influence our theories of how languages work.<br><br>This debate has been fueled by a number of key issues that are fundamental to the study of pragmatics. For instance, [https://www.xn--72c9aa5escud2b.com/webboard/index.php?action=profile;area=forumprofile;u=2317600 프라그마틱 슬롯 하는법] 공식홈페이지 ([https://images.google.com.na/url?q=https://creamwall1.werite.net/responsible-for-a-pragmatic-korea-budget images.google.com.na`s statement on its official blog]) some researchers have suggested that pragmatics isn't a discipline in its own right because it studies the ways in which people interpret and use language, without being able to provide any information regarding what is actually being said. This kind of approach is referred to as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that the subject is a discipline in its own right since it examines the manner in which the meaning and usage of language is affected by cultural and social factors. This is known as near-side pragmatics.<br><br>Other topics of discussion in pragmatics include the manner in which we understand the nature of utterance interpretation as an inferential process and the role that the primary pragmatic processes play in the analysis of what is being spoken by a speaker in a given sentence. These are topics that are discussed a bit more extensively in the papers by Recanati and Bach. Both papers explore the notions saturation and free enrichment in the context of a pragmatic. These are significant pragmatic processes that influence the overall meaning an utterance.<br><br>What is the difference between free and explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is how context affects linguistic meaning. It evaluates how human language is utilized in social interactions, as well as the relationship between the speaker and the interpreter. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are called pragmaticians.<br><br>Over the years, a variety of theories of pragmatism have been developed. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communicative intent of speakers. Others, such as Relevance Theory are focused on the processes of understanding that occur during utterance interpretation by listeners. Some pragmatics theories are merged with other disciplines, like philosophy and cognitive science.<br><br>There are different opinions on the borderline between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers, such as Morris, believe that semantics and pragmatics are two separate topics. He argues semantics is concerned with the relationship between signs and objects that they might or may not denote whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in the context.<br><br>Other philosophers, such as Bach and Harnish, have argued that pragmatics is a subfield within semantics. They differentiate between 'near-side and far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics focuses on what is said, while far-side pragmatics is focused on the logical consequences of saying something. They believe that some of the 'pragmatics' that accompany an expression are already determined by semantics while other 'pragmatics' are defined by the processes of inference.<br><br>The context is one of the most important aspects of pragmatics. This means that the same utterance can mean different things in different contexts, depending on factors such as indexicality and ambiguity. Other factors that could alter the meaning of an expression include discourse structure, speaker intentions and beliefs, and expectations of the listener.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is its particularity to the culture. It is because every culture has its own rules for what is appropriate in different situations. In certain cultures, it's polite to keep eye contact. In other cultures, it's rude.<br><br>There are many different views of pragmatics, and lots of research is being done in the field. Some of the most important areas of study are formal and computational pragmatics as well as experimental and theoretical pragmatics; intercultural and cross-linguistic pragmatics; and pragmatics in the clinical and experimental sense.<br><br>What is the relationship between Free Pragmatics and to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics, a linguistic field, is concerned with how meaning is conveyed by the use of language in context. It evaluates the way in which the speaker's intentions and beliefs affect the interpretation, with less attention paid to the grammatical aspects of the speech rather than what is said. Pragmaticians are linguists who focus on pragmatics. The subject of pragmatics is linked to other areas of the study of linguistics, such as syntax and semantics or philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent times the field of pragmatics has expanded in many directions. This includes computational linguistics and conversational pragmatics. There is a wide range of research in these areas, addressing topics like the importance of lexical features as well as the interaction between discourse and language, and the nature of the concept of meaning.<br><br>One of the main questions in the philosophical discussion of pragmatics is whether or not it is possible to develop an accurate, systematic understanding of the semantics/pragmatics interface. Some philosophers have argued that it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is not well-defined and that they're the identical.<br><br>It is not unusual for scholars to debate back and forth between these two positions and argue that certain events are either semantics or pragmatics. For instance certain scholars argue that if an utterance has an actual truth-conditional meaning, [http://bioimagingcore.be/q2a/user/patchsound7 프라그마틱 공식홈페이지] 정품 확인법 ([https://freeman-hildebrandt-2.mdwrite.net/how-to-tell-the-good-and-bad-about-pragmatic/ freeman-hildebrandt-2.mdwrite.net]) then it is semantics, while other argue that the fact that an utterance may be interpreted in various ways is a sign of pragmatics.<br><br>Other researchers in pragmatics have taken a different view in arguing that the truth-conditional meaning a utterance has is just one of the many ways in which an expression can be understood and that all of these ways are valid. This approach is often known as far-side pragmatics.<br><br>Recent research in pragmatics has sought to integrate semantic and distant side methods. It attempts to capture the entire range of interpretive possibilities for a speaker's utterance, by modeling how the speaker's beliefs and intentions contribute to the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine an Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technical innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). This model predicts listeners will be entertained by a variety of exhausted interpretations of an utterance that contains the universal FCI Any, and that is the reason why the exclusivity implicature is so strong when compared to other plausible implications.

Latest revision as of 20:31, 24 January 2025

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of the connection between context, language and meaning. It asks questions like: What do people really mean when they use words?

It's a philosophy that is focused on practical and reasonable actions. It is in contrast to idealism which is the belief that one should adhere to their principles regardless of the circumstances.

What is Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics is the way that language users communicate and interact with each other. It is typically thought of as a part of the language however, it differs from semantics in the sense that pragmatics examines what the user is trying to convey, not what the actual meaning is.

As a research field, pragmatics is relatively new, and its research has been growing rapidly over the past few decades. It has been primarily an academic field of study within linguistics, however it also has an impact on research in other fields such as speech-language pathology, psychology sociolinguistics, and the study of anthropology.

There are many different perspectives on pragmatics, which have contributed to its growth and development. One is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which is based primarily on the notions of intention and the interaction with the speaker's knowledge of the listener's understanding. Other perspectives on pragmatics include the lexical and conceptual approaches to pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the wide range of subjects that pragmatics researchers have investigated.

The study of pragmatics has covered a broad range of subjects, including L2 pragmatic comprehension and request production by EFL students, as well as the role of the theory of mind in physical and mental metaphors. It has been applied to social and cultural phenomena like political speech, discriminatory speech, and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers also have employed diverse methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.

The amount of knowledge base in pragmatics is different by database, as shown in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are among the top researchers in pragmatics research, however their positions differ based on the database. This difference is due to the fact that pragmatics is an interconnected field that is inextricably linked with other disciplines.

It is therefore difficult to rank the top authors in pragmatics solely by the quantity of their publications. It is possible to identify influential authors based on their contributions to pragmatics. Bambini is one example. He has contributed to pragmatics through concepts like conversational implicititure and politeness theories. Other authors who have been influential in pragmatics include Grice, Saul and Kasper.

What is Free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics focuses on the users and contexts of language use, rather than on reference, truth, or grammar. It examines how a single utterance may be understood differently in different contexts. This includes ambiguity as well as indexicality. It also focuses primarily on the strategies employed by listeners to determine if words have a meaning that is communicative. It is closely linked to the theory of conversative implicature, which was first developed by Paul Grice.

The boundaries between these two disciplines are a subject of debate. While the distinction between these two disciplines is well-known, it is not always clear where they should be drawn. For example some philosophers have claimed that the notion of a sentence's meaning is a part of semantics while others have claimed that this sort of thing should be treated as a pragmatic problem.

Another issue is whether pragmatics is a branch of philosophy of languages or a subset of the study of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is a subject in its distinct from the other disciplines and should be considered a distinct part of the field of linguistics, alongside syntax, phonology semantics and so on. Others have suggested the study of pragmatics is an aspect of philosophy because it deals with the way in which our beliefs about meaning and uses of languages influence our theories of how languages work.

This debate has been fueled by a number of key issues that are fundamental to the study of pragmatics. For instance, 프라그마틱 슬롯 하는법 공식홈페이지 (images.google.com.na`s statement on its official blog) some researchers have suggested that pragmatics isn't a discipline in its own right because it studies the ways in which people interpret and use language, without being able to provide any information regarding what is actually being said. This kind of approach is referred to as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that the subject is a discipline in its own right since it examines the manner in which the meaning and usage of language is affected by cultural and social factors. This is known as near-side pragmatics.

Other topics of discussion in pragmatics include the manner in which we understand the nature of utterance interpretation as an inferential process and the role that the primary pragmatic processes play in the analysis of what is being spoken by a speaker in a given sentence. These are topics that are discussed a bit more extensively in the papers by Recanati and Bach. Both papers explore the notions saturation and free enrichment in the context of a pragmatic. These are significant pragmatic processes that influence the overall meaning an utterance.

What is the difference between free and explanatory Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics is how context affects linguistic meaning. It evaluates how human language is utilized in social interactions, as well as the relationship between the speaker and the interpreter. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are called pragmaticians.

Over the years, a variety of theories of pragmatism have been developed. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communicative intent of speakers. Others, such as Relevance Theory are focused on the processes of understanding that occur during utterance interpretation by listeners. Some pragmatics theories are merged with other disciplines, like philosophy and cognitive science.

There are different opinions on the borderline between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers, such as Morris, believe that semantics and pragmatics are two separate topics. He argues semantics is concerned with the relationship between signs and objects that they might or may not denote whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in the context.

Other philosophers, such as Bach and Harnish, have argued that pragmatics is a subfield within semantics. They differentiate between 'near-side and far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics focuses on what is said, while far-side pragmatics is focused on the logical consequences of saying something. They believe that some of the 'pragmatics' that accompany an expression are already determined by semantics while other 'pragmatics' are defined by the processes of inference.

The context is one of the most important aspects of pragmatics. This means that the same utterance can mean different things in different contexts, depending on factors such as indexicality and ambiguity. Other factors that could alter the meaning of an expression include discourse structure, speaker intentions and beliefs, and expectations of the listener.

Another aspect of pragmatics is its particularity to the culture. It is because every culture has its own rules for what is appropriate in different situations. In certain cultures, it's polite to keep eye contact. In other cultures, it's rude.

There are many different views of pragmatics, and lots of research is being done in the field. Some of the most important areas of study are formal and computational pragmatics as well as experimental and theoretical pragmatics; intercultural and cross-linguistic pragmatics; and pragmatics in the clinical and experimental sense.

What is the relationship between Free Pragmatics and to Explanatory Pragmatics?

The discipline of pragmatics, a linguistic field, is concerned with how meaning is conveyed by the use of language in context. It evaluates the way in which the speaker's intentions and beliefs affect the interpretation, with less attention paid to the grammatical aspects of the speech rather than what is said. Pragmaticians are linguists who focus on pragmatics. The subject of pragmatics is linked to other areas of the study of linguistics, such as syntax and semantics or philosophy of language.

In recent times the field of pragmatics has expanded in many directions. This includes computational linguistics and conversational pragmatics. There is a wide range of research in these areas, addressing topics like the importance of lexical features as well as the interaction between discourse and language, and the nature of the concept of meaning.

One of the main questions in the philosophical discussion of pragmatics is whether or not it is possible to develop an accurate, systematic understanding of the semantics/pragmatics interface. Some philosophers have argued that it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is not well-defined and that they're the identical.

It is not unusual for scholars to debate back and forth between these two positions and argue that certain events are either semantics or pragmatics. For instance certain scholars argue that if an utterance has an actual truth-conditional meaning, 프라그마틱 공식홈페이지 정품 확인법 (freeman-hildebrandt-2.mdwrite.net) then it is semantics, while other argue that the fact that an utterance may be interpreted in various ways is a sign of pragmatics.

Other researchers in pragmatics have taken a different view in arguing that the truth-conditional meaning a utterance has is just one of the many ways in which an expression can be understood and that all of these ways are valid. This approach is often known as far-side pragmatics.

Recent research in pragmatics has sought to integrate semantic and distant side methods. It attempts to capture the entire range of interpretive possibilities for a speaker's utterance, by modeling how the speaker's beliefs and intentions contribute to the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine an Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technical innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). This model predicts listeners will be entertained by a variety of exhausted interpretations of an utterance that contains the universal FCI Any, and that is the reason why the exclusivity implicature is so strong when compared to other plausible implications.