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What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the connection between context, language and meaning. It addresses questions such as What do people actually mean when they use words?<br><br>It's a philosophy that is focused on practical and reasonable actions. It is in contrast to idealism, the notion that you must always abide to your convictions.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics focuses on how people who speak a language communicate and interact with each other. It is often viewed as a part of a language, [https://rublinda6.bravejournal.net/the-most-worst-nightmare-about-pragmatic-sugar-rush-be-realized 프라그마틱 무료체험 슬롯버프] 이미지 ([https://www.maanation.com/post/670920_https-quinn-risager-3-technetbloggers-de-15-of-the-most-popular-pragmatic-genuin.html Www.maanation.Com]) but it differs from semantics since it is focused on what the user is trying to communicate, [https://qna.lrmer.com/index.php?qa=user&qa_1=turkeyhat4 프라그마틱 무료 슬롯] 슬롯 조작 [[https://santana-mccartney.blogbright.net/why-pragmatic-can-be-more-dangerous-than-you-realized/ Santana-Mccartney.Blogbright.Net]] not what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a research area, pragmatics is relatively young and its research has expanded rapidly over the last few decades. It is a language academic field however, it has also influenced research in other areas such as psychology, sociolinguistics and the field of anthropology.<br><br>There are a variety of approaches to pragmatics that have contributed to the development and growth of this discipline. One of these is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which focuses primarily on the notions of intention and its interaction with the speaker's knowledge of the listener's understanding. Conceptual and lexical perspectives on pragmatics are also perspectives on the subject. These views have contributed to the variety of topics that researchers in pragmatics have researched.<br><br>The study of pragmatics has covered a broad range topics, such as L2 pragmatic comprehension and request production by EFL students, and  [http://jonpin.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=1058606 프라그마틱] the significance of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It has also been applied to various social and cultural phenomena, including political discourse, discriminatory language, and interpersonal communication. Researchers in pragmatics have used diverse methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>Figure 9A-C demonstrates that the size of the knowledge base on pragmatics is different depending on which database is utilized. The US and UK are two of the top contributors in pragmatics research. However, their position is dependent on the database. This difference is due to the fact that pragmatics is multidisciplinary and intersects with other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to rank the top pragmatics authors based on the number of publications they have. It is possible to determine influential authors by examining their contributions to the field of pragmatics. For instance Bambini's contribution in pragmatics has led to concepts such as conversational implicature, and politeness theory. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also highly influential authors of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics focuses on the contexts and users of language usage rather than focusing on reference, truth, or grammar. It examines how a single word can be understood in different ways in different contexts. This includes ambiguity as well as indexicality. It also focuses on the strategies employed by listeners to determine if phrases have a message. It is closely related to the theory of conversative implicature, which was first developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>While the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is a well-known and established one There is a lot of debate regarding the exact boundaries of these fields. Some philosophers argue that the concept of sentence meaning is a part of semantics, whereas other claim that this type of problem should be treated as pragmatic.<br><br>Another issue is whether pragmatics is a subfield of philosophy of languages or a part of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have argued that pragmatics is a field in its own right and should be treated as a distinct part of the field of linguistics, alongside syntax, phonology, semantics and more. Others have suggested the study of pragmatics is a component of philosophy since it deals with the way in which our beliefs about the meaning of language and how it is used influence our theories about how languages work.<br><br>The debate has been fuelled by a few key issues that are central to the study of pragmatics. For example, some scholars have claimed that pragmatics isn't an academic discipline in and of itself because it studies the ways that people interpret and use language, without using any data about what is actually being said. This sort of approach is referred to as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that this research ought to be considered an academic discipline because it examines the ways that cultural and social factors influence the meaning and use language. This is referred to as near-side pragmatics.<br><br>The field of pragmatics also focuses on the inferential nature of utterances as well as the role of primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker is saying in the sentence. These are topics that are addressed in greater detail in the papers written by Recanati and Bach. Both papers explore the notions the concept of saturation and free pragmatic enrichment. These are significant pragmatic processes that shape the meaning of an utterance.<br><br>What is the difference between Free Pragmatics and from Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of how context contributes to linguistic meaning. It focuses on how the human language is utilized in social interaction and the relationship between speaker and interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists who specialize in pragmatics.<br><br>Different theories of pragmatics have been developed over the years. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communicative intention of a speaker. Others, such as Relevance Theory are focused on the understanding processes that occur during the interpretation of words by hearers. Some practical approaches have been put with other disciplines such as cognitive science or philosophy.<br><br>There are also different views on the borderline between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers, such as Morris, believe that semantics and pragmatics are two distinct topics. He says that semantics deals with the relation of words to objects which they may or not denote, while pragmatics deals with the use of words in a context.<br><br>Other philosophers like Bach and Harnish have suggested that pragmatism is an subfield within semantics. They distinguish between 'near-side' and 'far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics is concerned with what is said while far-side focuses on the logical implications of saying something. They argue that semantics determines some of the pragmatics of an expression, whereas other pragmatics are determined by pragmatic processes.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is context dependent. This means that the same utterance can mean different things in different contexts, based on things such as ambiguity and indexicality. Other elements that can alter the meaning of an expression include the structure of the discourse, speaker intentions and beliefs, and expectations of the listener.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culturally specific. This is because different cultures have their own rules about what is acceptable to say in various situations. In some cultures, it's polite to keep eye contact. In other cultures, it's rude.<br><br>There are many different views of pragmatics, and lots of research is being done in the field. The main areas of study are formal and computational pragmatics as well as experimental and theoretical pragmatics; cross-linguistic and intercultural pragmatics; as well as pragmatics in the clinical and experimental sense.<br><br>What is the relationship between free Pragmatics and to explanation Pragmatics?<br><br>The pragmatics discipline is concerned with how meaning is communicated by the language used in its context. It evaluates the way in which the speaker's intentions and beliefs affect the interpretation, with less attention paid to grammatical features of the utterance than on what is said. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are called pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics is closely related to other areas of linguistics, such as semantics, syntax and philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years the field of pragmatics evolved in a variety of directions. This includes computational linguistics as well as conversational pragmatics. There is a broad range of research that is conducted in these areas, which address issues such as the significance of lexical characteristics and the interaction between discourse and language and the nature of the concept of meaning.<br><br>In the philosophical discussion of pragmatism, one of the major issues is whether it is possible to give a rigorous and systematic analysis of the interplay between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers have claimed that it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have suggested that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is ill-defined and that pragmatics and semantics are in fact the identical.<br><br>It is not unusual for scholars to argue between these two positions and [https://zippy-wombat-n4kkv3.mystrikingly.com/blog/the-good-and-bad-about-pragmatic-slot-manipulation 프라그마틱 무료슬롯] argue that certain events fall under either semantics or pragmatics. Some scholars argue that if a statement has the literal truth conditional meaning, it's semantics. Others believe that the fact that a statement can be interpreted differently is pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have adopted an alternative approach. They argue that the truth-conditional interpretation for a statement is just one of many possible interpretations and that all of them are valid. This method is sometimes called "far-side pragmatics".<br><br>Recent research in pragmatics has sought to integrate semantic and far side methods. It attempts to capture the full range of interpretational possibilities for a speaker's utterance, by modeling how the speaker's beliefs and intentions influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine a Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological advances from Franke and Bergen (2020). This model predicts that listeners will consider a range of possible exhaustified parses of an utterance containing the universal FCI any which is what makes the exclusivity implicature so strong when contrasted to other possible implicatures.
What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics examines the connection between language and context. It deals with questions like what do people mean by the terms they use?<br><br>It's a philosophy that is based on practical and reasonable actions. It is in contrast to idealism, the belief that you must abide by your principles.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of ways that people who speak get meaning from and with each other. It is often viewed as a part of a language, but it differs from semantics since it concentrates on what the user is trying to communicate, not what the meaning is.<br><br>As a research area, pragmatics is relatively new, and its research has been expanding rapidly in the last few decades. It is a linguistics academic field but it has also had an impact on research in other fields such as psychology, sociolinguistics and Anthropology.<br><br>There are many different views on pragmatics, and they have contributed to its growth and development. For example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics, which focuses on the notion of intention and how it relates to the speaker's comprehension of the listener's. Conceptual and lexical strategies for pragmatics are also views on the subject. These views have contributed to the variety of topics that pragmatics researchers have researched.<br><br>The research in pragmatics has covered a wide range of subjects, including L2 pragmatic comprehension and request production by EFL students, as well as the role of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It has been applied to cultural and social phenomena such as political discourse, discriminatory speech, and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers have also used a variety of methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>Figure 9A-C demonstrates that the size of the knowledge base on pragmatics is different depending on the database used. The US and the UK are among the top producers of pragmatics research, but their rankings differ by database. This is because pragmatics is multidisciplinary and interspersed with other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to classify the top authors of pragmatics according to the number of publications they have. However it is possible to determine the most influential authors by looking at their contributions to the field of pragmatics. For example Bambini's contribution to the field of pragmatics includes pioneering concepts such as conversational implicature, and politeness theory. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are the most influential authors of the field of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and the users of language as opposed to the study of truth or reference, or grammar. It examines the ways that an utterance can be interpreted as meaning different things in different contexts, including those caused by indexicality or ambiguity. It also focuses primarily on the strategies used by listeners to determine whether phrases have a message. It is closely linked to the theory of conversational implicature, developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>While the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is a well-known, long-established one however, there is much debate regarding the exact boundaries of these disciplines. Some philosophers argue that the notion of meaning of sentences is a component of semantics, whereas others insist that this particular issue should be viewed as pragmatic.<br><br>Another issue that has been a source of contention is whether the study of pragmatics should be regarded as an linguistics-related branch or as a component of philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued that pragmatics is a discipline in its own right and that it should be considered a distinct part of the field of linguistics, alongside syntax, phonology semantics and so on. Others, however, have claimed that the study of pragmatics is an aspect of philosophy of language since it examines the ways that our concepts of the meaning and use of language affect our theories of how languages work.<br><br>The debate has been fuelled by a few key questions that are essential to the study of pragmatism. Some scholars have argued for instance that pragmatics isn't a discipline by itself because it studies how people interpret and use the language, without necessarily referring to actual facts about what was said. This type of method is known as far-side pragmatics. Certain scholars have argued that this research ought to be considered a discipline of its own because it examines how social and cultural factors influence the meaning and usage of language. This is called near-side pragmatics.<br><br>The field of pragmatics also focuses on the inferential nature of utterances and the role of primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker means in a sentence. These are issues that are addressed in greater detail in the papers of Recanati and Bach. Both papers address the notions of saturation and free pragmatic enrichment, which are crucial pragmatic processes in that they help to shape the overall meaning of an expression.<br><br>What is the difference between Free Pragmatics and from Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of how context contributes to linguistic meaning. It examines the way human language is used during social interaction as well as the relationship between speaker and interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists who focus on pragmatics.<br><br>Different theories of pragmatics have been developed over the years. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, concentrate on the communication intention of a speaker. Relevance Theory, for example is focused on the processes of understanding that take place when listeners interpret the meaning of utterances. Some pragmatic approaches have been incorporated with other disciplines, like philosophy or cognitive science.<br><br>There are also a variety of views on the borderline between pragmatics and semantics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that pragmatics and semantics are two different topics. He argues that semantics is concerned with the relationship of signs to objects they may or may not represent, while pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in context.<br><br>Other philosophers, like Bach and Harnish have also argued that pragmatics is a field that is part of semantics. They differentiate between "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concerns what is said, whereas far-side focuses on the logical implications of saying something. They believe that semantics determines certain aspects of the meaning of an expression, whereas other pragmatics is determined by pragmatic processes.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is a context-dependent phenomenon. This means that a single utterance can have different meanings based on the context, such as ambiguity or indexicality. Other things that can change the meaning of an expression include discourse structure, speaker intentions and beliefs,  [http://download.vegaswild.com/Affiliate/remote/AidDownload.asp?casinoID=941&gAID=32712&subGid=0&bannerID=0&trackingid=yjqudhewvgc&redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fpragmatickr.com%2F 프라그마틱 슬롯무료] and listener expectations.<br><br>A second aspect of pragmatics is its particularity in culture. This is due to different cultures having their own rules about what is appropriate to say in different situations. For instance, it's polite in some cultures to look at each other while it is rude in other cultures.<br><br>There are various perspectives on pragmatics and lots of research is being conducted in this field. Some of the main areas of research include formal and  [http://start.obc24.com/bitrix/rk.php?goto=https://pragmatickr.com/ 프라그마틱 슬롯 조작] computational pragmatics; theoretical and experimental pragmatics; cross-linguistic and intercultural pragmatics; and pragmatics in the clinical and experimental sense.<br><br>How does Free Pragmatics compare to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The linguistic discipline of pragmatics is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed by the use of language in context. It evaluates how the speaker's intentions and  [https://hronostime.ru/bitrix/rk.php?goto=https://pragmatickr.com/ 프라그마틱 슬롯 환수율] 무료 슬롯버프 ([https://udarnik74.ru/bitrix/redirect.php?goto=https://pragmatickr.com/ Https://Udarnik74.Ru/Bitrix/Redirect.Php?Goto=Https://Pragmatickr.Com/]) beliefs affect the interpretation, and focuses less on grammaral characteristics of the expression rather than what is said. Pragmaticians are linguists who focus in pragmatics. The subject of pragmatics has a link to other areas of study of linguistics such as syntax and semantics or the philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years, the area of pragmatics has been developing in a variety of directions such as computational linguistics conversational pragmatics, and theoretical pragmatics. There is a variety of research conducted in these areas, which address issues like the importance of lexical characteristics as well as the interaction between discourse and language and the nature of meaning itself.<br><br>In the philosophical discussion of pragmatism one of the main issues is whether it is possible to give a precise and systematic analysis of the interface between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers have argued that it is not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is ill-defined and that semantics and pragmatics are really the identical.<br><br>It is not uncommon for scholars to go between these two perspectives and argue that certain phenomena fall under either pragmatics or semantics. For example, some scholars argue that if a statement has the literal truth-conditional meaning, it is semantics, whereas others believe that the fact that an utterance could be interpreted in different ways is pragmatics.<br><br>Other researchers in pragmatics have taken a different approach and argue that the truth-conditional meaning of an utterance is only one of many ways in which the word can be interpreted and that all of these ways are valid. This is sometimes called "far-side pragmatics".<br><br>Recent work in pragmatics has tried to integrate semantic and far side approaches. It tries to capture the full range of interpretational possibilities that a speaker's speech can offer by demonstrating the way in which the speaker's beliefs and intentions contribute to the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine a Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technical innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will consider a range of possible exhaustified versions of a utterance that contains the universal FCI any which is what makes the exclusiveness implicature so strong when in comparison to other possible implicatures.

Latest revision as of 20:05, 21 January 2025

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics examines the connection between language and context. It deals with questions like what do people mean by the terms they use?

It's a philosophy that is based on practical and reasonable actions. It is in contrast to idealism, the belief that you must abide by your principles.

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of ways that people who speak get meaning from and with each other. It is often viewed as a part of a language, but it differs from semantics since it concentrates on what the user is trying to communicate, not what the meaning is.

As a research area, pragmatics is relatively new, and its research has been expanding rapidly in the last few decades. It is a linguistics academic field but it has also had an impact on research in other fields such as psychology, sociolinguistics and Anthropology.

There are many different views on pragmatics, and they have contributed to its growth and development. For example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics, which focuses on the notion of intention and how it relates to the speaker's comprehension of the listener's. Conceptual and lexical strategies for pragmatics are also views on the subject. These views have contributed to the variety of topics that pragmatics researchers have researched.

The research in pragmatics has covered a wide range of subjects, including L2 pragmatic comprehension and request production by EFL students, as well as the role of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It has been applied to cultural and social phenomena such as political discourse, discriminatory speech, and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers have also used a variety of methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.

Figure 9A-C demonstrates that the size of the knowledge base on pragmatics is different depending on the database used. The US and the UK are among the top producers of pragmatics research, but their rankings differ by database. This is because pragmatics is multidisciplinary and interspersed with other disciplines.

This makes it difficult to classify the top authors of pragmatics according to the number of publications they have. However it is possible to determine the most influential authors by looking at their contributions to the field of pragmatics. For example Bambini's contribution to the field of pragmatics includes pioneering concepts such as conversational implicature, and politeness theory. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are the most influential authors of the field of pragmatics.

What is Free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and the users of language as opposed to the study of truth or reference, or grammar. It examines the ways that an utterance can be interpreted as meaning different things in different contexts, including those caused by indexicality or ambiguity. It also focuses primarily on the strategies used by listeners to determine whether phrases have a message. It is closely linked to the theory of conversational implicature, developed by Paul Grice.

While the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is a well-known, long-established one however, there is much debate regarding the exact boundaries of these disciplines. Some philosophers argue that the notion of meaning of sentences is a component of semantics, whereas others insist that this particular issue should be viewed as pragmatic.

Another issue that has been a source of contention is whether the study of pragmatics should be regarded as an linguistics-related branch or as a component of philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued that pragmatics is a discipline in its own right and that it should be considered a distinct part of the field of linguistics, alongside syntax, phonology semantics and so on. Others, however, have claimed that the study of pragmatics is an aspect of philosophy of language since it examines the ways that our concepts of the meaning and use of language affect our theories of how languages work.

The debate has been fuelled by a few key questions that are essential to the study of pragmatism. Some scholars have argued for instance that pragmatics isn't a discipline by itself because it studies how people interpret and use the language, without necessarily referring to actual facts about what was said. This type of method is known as far-side pragmatics. Certain scholars have argued that this research ought to be considered a discipline of its own because it examines how social and cultural factors influence the meaning and usage of language. This is called near-side pragmatics.

The field of pragmatics also focuses on the inferential nature of utterances and the role of primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker means in a sentence. These are issues that are addressed in greater detail in the papers of Recanati and Bach. Both papers address the notions of saturation and free pragmatic enrichment, which are crucial pragmatic processes in that they help to shape the overall meaning of an expression.

What is the difference between Free Pragmatics and from Explanatory Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of how context contributes to linguistic meaning. It examines the way human language is used during social interaction as well as the relationship between speaker and interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists who focus on pragmatics.

Different theories of pragmatics have been developed over the years. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, concentrate on the communication intention of a speaker. Relevance Theory, for example is focused on the processes of understanding that take place when listeners interpret the meaning of utterances. Some pragmatic approaches have been incorporated with other disciplines, like philosophy or cognitive science.

There are also a variety of views on the borderline between pragmatics and semantics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that pragmatics and semantics are two different topics. He argues that semantics is concerned with the relationship of signs to objects they may or may not represent, while pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in context.

Other philosophers, like Bach and Harnish have also argued that pragmatics is a field that is part of semantics. They differentiate between "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concerns what is said, whereas far-side focuses on the logical implications of saying something. They believe that semantics determines certain aspects of the meaning of an expression, whereas other pragmatics is determined by pragmatic processes.

One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is a context-dependent phenomenon. This means that a single utterance can have different meanings based on the context, such as ambiguity or indexicality. Other things that can change the meaning of an expression include discourse structure, speaker intentions and beliefs, 프라그마틱 슬롯무료 and listener expectations.

A second aspect of pragmatics is its particularity in culture. This is due to different cultures having their own rules about what is appropriate to say in different situations. For instance, it's polite in some cultures to look at each other while it is rude in other cultures.

There are various perspectives on pragmatics and lots of research is being conducted in this field. Some of the main areas of research include formal and 프라그마틱 슬롯 조작 computational pragmatics; theoretical and experimental pragmatics; cross-linguistic and intercultural pragmatics; and pragmatics in the clinical and experimental sense.

How does Free Pragmatics compare to Explanatory Pragmatics?

The linguistic discipline of pragmatics is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed by the use of language in context. It evaluates how the speaker's intentions and 프라그마틱 슬롯 환수율 무료 슬롯버프 (Https://Udarnik74.Ru/Bitrix/Redirect.Php?Goto=Https://Pragmatickr.Com/) beliefs affect the interpretation, and focuses less on grammaral characteristics of the expression rather than what is said. Pragmaticians are linguists who focus in pragmatics. The subject of pragmatics has a link to other areas of study of linguistics such as syntax and semantics or the philosophy of language.

In recent years, the area of pragmatics has been developing in a variety of directions such as computational linguistics conversational pragmatics, and theoretical pragmatics. There is a variety of research conducted in these areas, which address issues like the importance of lexical characteristics as well as the interaction between discourse and language and the nature of meaning itself.

In the philosophical discussion of pragmatism one of the main issues is whether it is possible to give a precise and systematic analysis of the interface between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers have argued that it is not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is ill-defined and that semantics and pragmatics are really the identical.

It is not uncommon for scholars to go between these two perspectives and argue that certain phenomena fall under either pragmatics or semantics. For example, some scholars argue that if a statement has the literal truth-conditional meaning, it is semantics, whereas others believe that the fact that an utterance could be interpreted in different ways is pragmatics.

Other researchers in pragmatics have taken a different approach and argue that the truth-conditional meaning of an utterance is only one of many ways in which the word can be interpreted and that all of these ways are valid. This is sometimes called "far-side pragmatics".

Recent work in pragmatics has tried to integrate semantic and far side approaches. It tries to capture the full range of interpretational possibilities that a speaker's speech can offer by demonstrating the way in which the speaker's beliefs and intentions contribute to the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine a Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technical innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will consider a range of possible exhaustified versions of a utterance that contains the universal FCI any which is what makes the exclusiveness implicature so strong when in comparison to other possible implicatures.