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What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the connection between context, language and meaning. It addresses questions such as: What do people really think when they use words?<br><br>It's a philosophy that is focused on sensible and practical actions. It's in contrast to idealism, which is the belief that you must always abide to your beliefs.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the ways in which language users find meaning from and each with each other. It is usually thought of as a component of language, although it differs from semantics in that pragmatics studies what the user is trying to convey rather than what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a field of research the field of pragmatics is still relatively new and its research has expanded quickly in the past few decades. It is primarily an academic discipline within linguistics, [https://ai-db.science/wiki/You_Are_Responsible_For_A_Pragmatic_Free_Slots_Budget_12_Ways_To_Spend_Your_Money 무료 프라그마틱] however it also influences research in other fields, such as speech-language pathology, psychology, sociolinguistics and anthropology.<br><br>There are a variety of ways to approach pragmatics that have contributed to the growth and development of this discipline. For example, [https://championsleage.review/wiki/An_Intermediate_Guide_Towards_Pragmatic_Free 프라그마틱 플레이] one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics which focuses on the notion of intention and how it relates to the speaker's comprehension of the listener's. The lexical and concept strategies for pragmatics are also views on the subject. These perspectives have contributed to the wide range of topics that pragmatics researchers have investigated.<br><br>The research in pragmatics has focused on a variety of topics that include L2 pragmatic comprehension, production of requests by EFL learners, and the role of theory of mind in physical and mental metaphors. It has been applied to cultural and social phenomena such as political discourse, discriminatory speech and interpersonal communication. Researchers in pragmatics have used various methods from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>The amount of knowledge base in pragmatics varies by database, as shown in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are among the top contributors to pragmatics research, yet their ranking varies by database. This is due to pragmatics being a multidisciplinary area that intersects other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to classify the top pragmatics authors based on the number of publications they have. However, it is possible to identify the most influential authors through analyzing their contributions to the field of pragmatics. For instance, Bambini's contribution to pragmatics is a pioneering concept like conversational implicature and politeness theory. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are the most influential authors of the field of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and the users of language than it is with truth grammar, reference, or. It studies the ways in which an utterance can be understood as meaning different things in different contexts and also those caused by ambiguity or indexicality. It also focuses primarily on the strategies employed by listeners to determine if words have a meaning that is communicative. It is closely connected to the theory of conversative implicature which was pioneered by Paul Grice.<br><br>While the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is a well-known and established one There is a lot of debate about the precise boundaries of these fields. Some philosophers believe that the notion of meaning of sentences is a component of semantics, whereas others claim that this type of problem should be treated as pragmatic.<br><br>Another area of debate is whether the study of pragmatics should be considered an linguistics-related branch or an aspect of philosophy of language. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is an independent field and should be considered a part of linguistics alongside the study of phonology. syntax, semantics, etc. Others have claimed that the study of pragmatics should be considered an aspect of philosophy of language because it focuses on the ways that our beliefs about the meaning and uses of language influence our theories of how languages work.<br><br>There are a few major [https://fkwiki.win/wiki/Post:Pragmatic_Ranking_Tips_From_The_Top_In_The_Industry 프라그마틱 슬롯무료] 홈페이지 ([https://buus-kjer.mdwrite.net/guide-to-pragmatic-free-slots-in-2024-guide-to-pragmatic-free-slots-in-2024/ buus-kjer.mdwrite.Net]) issues that arise in the study of pragmatics that have fueled much of this debate. For instance, some scholars have argued that pragmatics is not an academic discipline in and of itself since it studies the ways that people interpret and use language, without being able to provide any information about what is actually being said. This type of approach is called far-side pragmatics. Others, however, have argued that this study is a discipline in its own right because it examines the way in which the meaning and usage of language is influenced by social and cultural factors. This is known as near-side pragmatics.<br><br>The field of pragmatics also focuses on the inferential nature and meaning of utterances, as well as the role of primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker means in the sentence. Recanati and Bach discuss these topics in more detail. Both of these papers discuss the notions of saturation as well as free pragmatic enrichment. These are important pragmatic processes in that they help to shape the meaning of a statement.<br><br>How is Free Pragmatics Different from Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics focuses on how context affects linguistic meaning. It focuses on how the human language is utilized in social interactions and the relationship between the speaker and interpreter. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are called pragmaticians.<br><br>Over the years, many different theories of pragmatism were developed. Some, like Gricean pragmatics focus on the communicative intent of the speaker. Others, such as Relevance Theory, [https://funsilo.date/wiki/Unexpected_Business_Strategies_That_Helped_Pragmatic_Genuine_To_Succeed 프라그마틱] focus on the processes of understanding that occur during utterance interpretation by hearers. Some approaches to pragmatics have been combined with other disciplines, such as cognitive science and  [https://timeoftheworld.date/wiki/15_Presents_For_Those_Who_Are_The_Pragmatic_Slots_Free_Trial_Lover_In_Your_Life 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료] philosophy.<br><br>There are also different views regarding the boundary between pragmatics and semantics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that semantics and pragmatism are two different topics. He asserts semantics is concerned with the relationship between signs and objects they could or might not represent, while pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in context.<br><br>Other philosophers, such as Bach and Harnish have suggested that pragmatism is an subfield within semantics. They differentiate between 'near-side and 'far-side' pragmatism. Near-side pragmatics concerns the content of what is said, while far-side focuses on the logical implications of a statement. They believe that semantics is already determining certain aspects of the meaning of a statement, whereas other pragmatics are determined by pragmatic processes.<br><br>The context is among the most important aspects in pragmatics. This means that the same word could have different meanings in different contexts, depending on factors such as indexicality and ambiguity. Other things that can change the meaning of an utterance include the structure of the discourse, speaker intentions and beliefs, as well as listener expectations.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is a matter of culture. This is due to different cultures having their own rules about what is acceptable to say in different situations. In some cultures, it's acceptable to make eye contact. In other cultures, it's considered rude.<br><br>There are various perspectives on pragmatics and much research is being conducted in this field. There are many different areas of study, including computational and formal pragmatics, theoretical and experimental pragmatism, intercultural and cross pragmatics of language, as well as pragmatics in the clinical and experimental sense.<br><br>How is Free Pragmatics Similar to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The linguistic discipline of pragmatics is concerned with how meaning is conveyed through the use of language in a context. It analyzes how the speaker's intentions and beliefs affect the interpretation, and focuses less on grammatical features of the utterance than on what is said. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are called pragmaticians. The subject of pragmatics is closely related to other areas of linguistics such as semantics, syntax and philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years the field of pragmatics has evolved in a variety of directions. These include conversational pragmatics and computational linguistics. These areas are characterized by a wide variety of research, which addresses aspects like lexical features and the interplay between language, discourse, and meaning.<br><br>In the philosophical debate on pragmatism one of the most important issues is whether it is possible to provide a thorough and systematic account of the relationship between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers have suggested that it's not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is ill-defined and that semantics and pragmatics are actually the identical.<br><br>It is not unusual for scholars to argue between these two perspectives, arguing that certain phenomena are either semantics or pragmatics. For example, some scholars argue that if an expression has a literal truth-conditional meaning then it is semantics, while others argue that the fact that a statement can be interpreted in a variety of ways is a sign of pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have adopted an alternative approach. They claim that the truth-conditional interpretation of a statement is just one of many possible interpretations and that all of them are valid. This method is often referred to as far-side pragmatics.<br><br>Some recent research in pragmatics has tried to integrate semantic and far-side approaches, attempting to capture the entire range of interpretive possibilities for an utterance by describing how a speaker's beliefs and intentions contribute to the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine an Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will entertain many possible exhausted parses of a speech utterance that includes the universal FCI Any, and that is why the exclusiveness implicature is so reliable when compared to other plausible implications.
What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the relationship between language, context and meaning. It asks questions like What do people really think when they use words?<br><br>It's a way of thinking that focuses on sensible and practical actions. It contrasts with idealism which is the idea that one should stick to their beliefs regardless of what.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the ways that language users gain meaning from and each other. It is typically thought of as a component of language however it differs from semantics in that pragmatics looks at what the user is trying to convey rather than what the meaning actually is.<br><br>As a field of research, pragmatics is relatively young and its research has expanded rapidly in the last few decades. It is a linguistics academic field however, it has also had an impact on research in other fields such as psychology, sociolinguistics and anthropology.<br><br>There are a variety of ways to approach pragmatics that have contributed to the development and growth of this discipline. One of these is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which focuses primarily on the notion of intention and their interaction with the speaker's knowledge of the listener's understanding. Other perspectives on pragmatics include the conceptual and lexical approaches to pragmatics. These views have contributed to the variety of subjects that pragmatics researchers have investigated.<br><br>The study of pragmatics has covered a broad range of subjects, including pragmatic comprehension in L2 and demand production by EFL students, as well as the importance of the theory of mind in physical and mental metaphors. It has also been applied to cultural and social phenomena, like political discourse, discriminatory language and interpersonal communication. Researchers studying pragmatics have employed various methods from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>The size of the knowledge base in pragmatics is different according to the database, as illustrated in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are among the top contributors to pragmatics research, yet their positions differ based on the database. This is because pragmatics is multidisciplinary and interspersed with other disciplines.<br><br>It is therefore difficult to determine the best pragmatics authors solely by the number of their publications. However it is possible to determine the most influential authors by looking at their contributions to pragmatics. For example Bambini's contribution in pragmatics has led to concepts such as conversational implicature, and politeness theory. Other authors who have been influential in pragmatics include Grice, Saul and Kasper.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is focused on the users and contexts of language usage rather than focusing on reference, truth, or grammar. It focuses on the ways that an phrase can be interpreted as meaning different things from different contexts and also those caused by ambiguity or indexicality. It also focuses primarily on the strategies used by listeners to determine which utterances have a communicative intent. It is closely related to the theory of conversative implicature which was first developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines is a matter of debate. While the distinction between these two disciplines is well-known, it is not always clear where the lines should be drawn. Some philosophers claim that the notion of meaning of sentences is a part of semantics, whereas other claim that this type of problem should be considered pragmatic.<br><br>Another controversy concerns whether pragmatics is a subfield of philosophy of languages or a part of the study of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have argued that pragmatics is a discipline in its distinct from the other disciplines and should be considered an independent part of the field of linguistics, alongside syntax, phonology semantics and so on. Others have claimed that the study of pragmatics should be viewed as an aspect of philosophy of language since it focuses on the ways that our concepts of the meaning and uses of language influence our theories about how languages function.<br><br>There are a few major issues that arise in the study of pragmatics that have fuelled many of the debates. Some scholars have argued for instance that pragmatics isn't a discipline in its own right because it studies how people perceive and use the language, without necessarily referring to the facts about what was actually said. This sort of approach is called far-side pragmatics. Others, however, have argued that the subject should be considered a discipline in its own right because it examines the way in which the meaning and usage of language is influenced by social and cultural factors. This is called near-side pragmatics.<br><br>The field of pragmatics also focuses on the inferential nature and meaning of utterances, as well as the importance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker means in the sentence. These are issues that are addressed in greater detail in the papers of Recanati and Bach. Both papers explore the notions a saturation and a free pragmatic enrichment. These are significant pragmatic processes that shape the overall meaning an utterance.<br><br>What is the difference between explanatory and free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is how context affects linguistic meaning. It studies the way that humans use language in social interactions and the relationship between the speaker and interpreter. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians.<br><br>Over the years, a variety of theories of pragmatism have been proposed. Some, [http://bbs.01bim.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=1328549 프라그마틱 슬롯 팁] 정품확인방법, [https://www.dermandar.com/user/soundsmash20/ https://www.dermandar.com/user/soundsmash20/], such as Gricean pragmatics focus on the communicative intent of the speaker. Others, such as Relevance Theory are focused on the understanding processes that occur during utterance interpretation by listeners. Certain pragmatic approaches have been combined with other disciplines, such as cognitive science or philosophy.<br><br>There are also differing opinions regarding the boundaries between semantics and pragmatics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that pragmatics and semantics are two different topics. He states that semantics is concerned with the relationship of signs to objects which they may or not denote, whereas pragmatics deals with the use of the words in context.<br><br>Other philosophers like Bach and Harnish have argued that pragmatism is a subfield within semantics. They differentiate between 'near-side' and 'far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concerns what is said while far-side is focused on the logical implications of saying something. They believe that a portion of the 'pragmatics' that accompany the words spoken are already influenced by semantics, while other 'pragmatics' are determined by the pragmatic processes of inference.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is contextually dependent. This means that the same word can mean different things in different contexts, depending on factors such as indexicality and ambiguity. Other things that can change the meaning of an utterance include the structure of the discourse, speaker intentions and beliefs, and expectations of the listener.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is its particularity in culture. This is because each culture has its own rules regarding what is acceptable in various situations. In certain cultures, it's acceptable to keep eye contact. In other cultures, it's considered rude.<br><br>There are a variety of views of pragmatics, and a lot of research is conducted in this field. Some of the most important areas of research are: formal and computational pragmatics theoretic and experimental pragmatics; cross-cultural and intercultural pragmatics; as well as pragmatics that are experimental and clinical.<br><br>What is the relationship between free Pragmatics and to explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The pragmatics discipline is concerned with the way meaning is communicated by the language in a context. It evaluates the way in which the speaker's intentions and beliefs contribute to interpretation, and focuses less on grammaral characteristics of the expression than on what is said. Pragmaticians are linguists that focus on pragmatics. The topic of pragmatics is related to other linguistics areas, such as semantics, syntax and the philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years, the field of pragmatics expanded in many directions. This includes conversational pragmatics and computational linguistics. These areas are distinguished by a wide variety of research, which addresses topics such as lexical features and [https://images.google.com.sv/url?q=https://milsaver.com/members/footsailor26/activity/288101/ 프라그마틱 정품] 확인법 ([http://www.jslt28.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=454793 http://Www.jslt28.com/home.Php?mod=space&uid=454793]) the interaction between language, discourse, and meaning.<br><br>One of the main issues in the philosophical discussion of pragmatics is whether it is possible to provide a rigorous, systematic account of the semantics/pragmatics interface. Some philosophers have suggested that it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have claimed that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is unclear and that semantics and pragmatics are in fact the identical.<br><br>It is not unusual for scholars to debate between these two perspectives and argue that certain phenomena fall under either semantics or pragmatics. Some scholars say that if a statement carries a literal truth conditional meaning, it's semantics. Others contend that the possibility that a statement may be interpreted in different ways is pragmatics.<br><br>Other researchers in pragmatics have taken an alternative route. They claim that the truth-conditional interpretation for a statement is just one of many possible interpretations and that all of them are valid. This approach is often known as far-side pragmatics.<br><br>Recent research in pragmatics has sought to integrate semantic and distant side methods. It attempts to represent the entire range of interpretive possibilities that a speaker's speech can offer by demonstrating how the speaker's beliefs as well as intentions influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. The 2019 version incorporates a Gricean model of the Rational Speech Act framework, with technical innovations developed by Franke and Bergen. The model predicts that listeners will have to entertain a myriad of exhausted parses of an utterance that contains the universal FCI Any. This is the reason why the exclusivity implicature is so strong compared to other plausible implications.

Revision as of 15:52, 11 January 2025

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of the relationship between language, context and meaning. It asks questions like What do people really think when they use words?

It's a way of thinking that focuses on sensible and practical actions. It contrasts with idealism which is the idea that one should stick to their beliefs regardless of what.

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of the ways that language users gain meaning from and each other. It is typically thought of as a component of language however it differs from semantics in that pragmatics looks at what the user is trying to convey rather than what the meaning actually is.

As a field of research, pragmatics is relatively young and its research has expanded rapidly in the last few decades. It is a linguistics academic field however, it has also had an impact on research in other fields such as psychology, sociolinguistics and anthropology.

There are a variety of ways to approach pragmatics that have contributed to the development and growth of this discipline. One of these is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which focuses primarily on the notion of intention and their interaction with the speaker's knowledge of the listener's understanding. Other perspectives on pragmatics include the conceptual and lexical approaches to pragmatics. These views have contributed to the variety of subjects that pragmatics researchers have investigated.

The study of pragmatics has covered a broad range of subjects, including pragmatic comprehension in L2 and demand production by EFL students, as well as the importance of the theory of mind in physical and mental metaphors. It has also been applied to cultural and social phenomena, like political discourse, discriminatory language and interpersonal communication. Researchers studying pragmatics have employed various methods from experimental to sociocultural.

The size of the knowledge base in pragmatics is different according to the database, as illustrated in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are among the top contributors to pragmatics research, yet their positions differ based on the database. This is because pragmatics is multidisciplinary and interspersed with other disciplines.

It is therefore difficult to determine the best pragmatics authors solely by the number of their publications. However it is possible to determine the most influential authors by looking at their contributions to pragmatics. For example Bambini's contribution in pragmatics has led to concepts such as conversational implicature, and politeness theory. Other authors who have been influential in pragmatics include Grice, Saul and Kasper.

What is Free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics is focused on the users and contexts of language usage rather than focusing on reference, truth, or grammar. It focuses on the ways that an phrase can be interpreted as meaning different things from different contexts and also those caused by ambiguity or indexicality. It also focuses primarily on the strategies used by listeners to determine which utterances have a communicative intent. It is closely related to the theory of conversative implicature which was first developed by Paul Grice.

The boundaries between these two disciplines is a matter of debate. While the distinction between these two disciplines is well-known, it is not always clear where the lines should be drawn. Some philosophers claim that the notion of meaning of sentences is a part of semantics, whereas other claim that this type of problem should be considered pragmatic.

Another controversy concerns whether pragmatics is a subfield of philosophy of languages or a part of the study of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have argued that pragmatics is a discipline in its distinct from the other disciplines and should be considered an independent part of the field of linguistics, alongside syntax, phonology semantics and so on. Others have claimed that the study of pragmatics should be viewed as an aspect of philosophy of language since it focuses on the ways that our concepts of the meaning and uses of language influence our theories about how languages function.

There are a few major issues that arise in the study of pragmatics that have fuelled many of the debates. Some scholars have argued for instance that pragmatics isn't a discipline in its own right because it studies how people perceive and use the language, without necessarily referring to the facts about what was actually said. This sort of approach is called far-side pragmatics. Others, however, have argued that the subject should be considered a discipline in its own right because it examines the way in which the meaning and usage of language is influenced by social and cultural factors. This is called near-side pragmatics.

The field of pragmatics also focuses on the inferential nature and meaning of utterances, as well as the importance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker means in the sentence. These are issues that are addressed in greater detail in the papers of Recanati and Bach. Both papers explore the notions a saturation and a free pragmatic enrichment. These are significant pragmatic processes that shape the overall meaning an utterance.

What is the difference between explanatory and free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics is how context affects linguistic meaning. It studies the way that humans use language in social interactions and the relationship between the speaker and interpreter. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians.

Over the years, a variety of theories of pragmatism have been proposed. Some, 프라그마틱 슬롯 팁 정품확인방법, https://www.dermandar.com/user/soundsmash20/, such as Gricean pragmatics focus on the communicative intent of the speaker. Others, such as Relevance Theory are focused on the understanding processes that occur during utterance interpretation by listeners. Certain pragmatic approaches have been combined with other disciplines, such as cognitive science or philosophy.

There are also differing opinions regarding the boundaries between semantics and pragmatics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that pragmatics and semantics are two different topics. He states that semantics is concerned with the relationship of signs to objects which they may or not denote, whereas pragmatics deals with the use of the words in context.

Other philosophers like Bach and Harnish have argued that pragmatism is a subfield within semantics. They differentiate between 'near-side' and 'far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concerns what is said while far-side is focused on the logical implications of saying something. They believe that a portion of the 'pragmatics' that accompany the words spoken are already influenced by semantics, while other 'pragmatics' are determined by the pragmatic processes of inference.

One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is contextually dependent. This means that the same word can mean different things in different contexts, depending on factors such as indexicality and ambiguity. Other things that can change the meaning of an utterance include the structure of the discourse, speaker intentions and beliefs, and expectations of the listener.

Another aspect of pragmatics is its particularity in culture. This is because each culture has its own rules regarding what is acceptable in various situations. In certain cultures, it's acceptable to keep eye contact. In other cultures, it's considered rude.

There are a variety of views of pragmatics, and a lot of research is conducted in this field. Some of the most important areas of research are: formal and computational pragmatics theoretic and experimental pragmatics; cross-cultural and intercultural pragmatics; as well as pragmatics that are experimental and clinical.

What is the relationship between free Pragmatics and to explanatory Pragmatics?

The pragmatics discipline is concerned with the way meaning is communicated by the language in a context. It evaluates the way in which the speaker's intentions and beliefs contribute to interpretation, and focuses less on grammaral characteristics of the expression than on what is said. Pragmaticians are linguists that focus on pragmatics. The topic of pragmatics is related to other linguistics areas, such as semantics, syntax and the philosophy of language.

In recent years, the field of pragmatics expanded in many directions. This includes conversational pragmatics and computational linguistics. These areas are distinguished by a wide variety of research, which addresses topics such as lexical features and 프라그마틱 정품 확인법 (http://Www.jslt28.com/home.Php?mod=space&uid=454793) the interaction between language, discourse, and meaning.

One of the main issues in the philosophical discussion of pragmatics is whether it is possible to provide a rigorous, systematic account of the semantics/pragmatics interface. Some philosophers have suggested that it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have claimed that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is unclear and that semantics and pragmatics are in fact the identical.

It is not unusual for scholars to debate between these two perspectives and argue that certain phenomena fall under either semantics or pragmatics. Some scholars say that if a statement carries a literal truth conditional meaning, it's semantics. Others contend that the possibility that a statement may be interpreted in different ways is pragmatics.

Other researchers in pragmatics have taken an alternative route. They claim that the truth-conditional interpretation for a statement is just one of many possible interpretations and that all of them are valid. This approach is often known as far-side pragmatics.

Recent research in pragmatics has sought to integrate semantic and distant side methods. It attempts to represent the entire range of interpretive possibilities that a speaker's speech can offer by demonstrating how the speaker's beliefs as well as intentions influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. The 2019 version incorporates a Gricean model of the Rational Speech Act framework, with technical innovations developed by Franke and Bergen. The model predicts that listeners will have to entertain a myriad of exhausted parses of an utterance that contains the universal FCI Any. This is the reason why the exclusivity implicature is so strong compared to other plausible implications.