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What is Free Evolution?

Free evolution is the idea that the natural processes of living organisms can cause them to develop over time. This includes the evolution of new species and the change in appearance of existing species.

Many examples have been given of this, such as different varieties of stickleback fish that can live in salt or fresh water, as well as walking stick insect varieties that favor particular host plants. These reversible traits however, are not able to explain fundamental changes in body plans.

Evolution through Natural Selection

The evolution of the myriad living organisms on Earth is a mystery that has intrigued scientists for many centuries. Charles Darwin's natural selection theory is the best-established explanation. This happens when individuals who are better-adapted survive and reproduce more than those who are less well-adapted. Over time, a community of well adapted individuals grows and eventually forms a whole new species.

Natural selection is an ongoing process that involves the interaction of three factors: variation, inheritance and reproduction. Mutation and sexual reproduction increase genetic diversity in a species. Inheritance is the passing of a person's genetic characteristics to their offspring which includes both dominant and recessive alleles. Reproduction is the production of fertile, 에볼루션코리아 viable offspring which includes both sexual and asexual methods.

Natural selection is only possible when all of these factors are in harmony. If, for instance the dominant gene allele makes an organism reproduce and last longer than the recessive gene, then the dominant allele is more common in a population. If the allele confers a negative advantage to survival or reduces the fertility of the population, it will go away. This process is self-reinforcing which means that an organism with a beneficial trait will survive and reproduce more than an individual with an inadaptive trait. The more offspring an organism produces the better its fitness, which is measured by its ability to reproduce and survive. People with good traits, like the long neck of the giraffe, or bright white patterns on male peacocks are more likely to others to live and reproduce which eventually leads to them becoming the majority.

Natural selection only affects populations, not on individual organisms. This is an important distinction from the Lamarckian theory of evolution, which argues that animals acquire characteristics by use or inactivity. For instance, if the Giraffe's neck grows longer due to stretching to reach for prey and its offspring will inherit a longer neck. The length difference between generations will continue until the giraffe's neck gets too long to no longer breed with other giraffes.

Evolution by Genetic Drift

Genetic drift occurs when the alleles of one gene are distributed randomly within a population. Eventually, only one will be fixed (become common enough to no longer be eliminated through natural selection), and the other alleles will decrease in frequency. In the extreme this, it leads to one allele dominance. The other alleles are essentially eliminated, 에볼루션카지노 and heterozygosity is reduced to zero. In a small group this could lead to the complete elimination of recessive gene. This scenario is known as a bottleneck effect and it is typical of the kind of evolutionary process that occurs when a large number of people migrate to form a new group.

A phenotypic bottleneck could happen when the survivors of a catastrophe such as an epidemic or 에볼루션 바카라 무료체험 바카라 체험 (Tpprt.Ru) a mass hunting event, are condensed within a narrow area. The survivors will be largely homozygous for the dominant allele which means they will all share the same phenotype and consequently share the same fitness characteristics. This could be caused by earthquakes, war, or even plagues. Whatever the reason, the genetically distinct population that remains is prone to genetic drift.

Walsh Lewens, Walsh and Ariew define drift as a deviation from expected values due to differences in fitness. They give a famous example of twins that are genetically identical and have identical phenotypes, but one is struck by lightning and dies, 에볼루션사이트 whereas the other lives and reproduces.

This kind of drift could play a significant role in the evolution of an organism. But, it's not the only method to develop. Natural selection is the main alternative, in which mutations and migrations maintain the phenotypic diversity of a population.

Stephens claims that there is a major distinction between treating drift as a force or a cause and considering other causes of evolution, such as selection, mutation and migration as forces or causes. Stephens claims that a causal process account of drift allows us to distinguish it from the other forces, and that this distinction is crucial. He further argues that drift has a direction: that is it tends to eliminate heterozygosity. He also claims that it also has a specific magnitude which is determined by population size.

Evolution through Lamarckism

Biology students in high school are frequently introduced to Jean-Baptiste Lamarck's (1744-1829) work. His theory of evolution, often called "Lamarckism, states that simple organisms evolve into more complex organisms by taking on traits that are a product of the organism's use and misuse. Lamarckism is usually illustrated with the image of a giraffe extending its neck further to reach higher up in the trees. This would cause giraffes' longer necks to be passed to their offspring, who would then grow even taller.

Lamarck the French Zoologist, introduced an idea that was revolutionary in his 17 May 1802 opening lecture at the Museum of Natural History of Paris. He challenged the traditional thinking about organic transformation. According Lamarck, living organisms evolved from inanimate materials by a series of gradual steps. Lamarck was not the only one to suggest that this could be the case but he is widely seen as giving the subject its first broad and comprehensive analysis.

The most popular story is that Lamarckism grew into a rival to Charles Darwin's theory of evolutionary natural selection, and that the two theories battled out in the 19th century. Darwinism eventually won and led to the creation of what biologists now refer to as the Modern Synthesis. The theory argues that acquired characteristics can be inherited, and instead argues that organisms evolve through the selective action of environmental factors, including natural selection.

Lamarck and his contemporaries believed in the idea that acquired characters could be passed on to the next generation. However, this concept was never a major part of any of their theories about evolution. This is due to the fact that it was never scientifically validated.

However, it has been more than 200 years since Lamarck was born and in the age genomics there is a vast body of evidence supporting the possibility of inheritance of acquired traits. This is also known as "neo Lamarckism", or more commonly epigenetic inheritance. This is a variant that is just as valid as the popular neodarwinian model.

Evolution by Adaptation

One of the most popular misconceptions about evolution is that it is being driven by a struggle for survival. In reality, this notion is inaccurate and overlooks the other forces that drive evolution. The struggle for existence is more accurately described as a struggle to survive in a particular environment. This could include not just other organisms, but also the physical environment itself.

To understand how evolution works it is beneficial to understand what is adaptation. It refers to a specific characteristic that allows an organism to survive and reproduce within its environment. It can be a physical structure, like feathers or fur. It could also be a characteristic of behavior that allows you to move to the shade during hot weather, or moving out to avoid the cold at night.

The ability of an organism to extract energy from its environment and interact with other organisms and their physical environment, is crucial to its survival. The organism must have the right genes to generate offspring, and must be able to access sufficient food and other resources. Furthermore, the organism needs to be capable of reproducing itself in a way that is optimally within its environmental niche.

These elements, in conjunction with gene flow and mutation, lead to a change in the proportion of alleles (different forms of a gene) in the gene pool of a population. The change in frequency of alleles can lead to the emergence of new traits, and eventually, new species over time.

Many of the characteristics we appreciate in plants and animals are adaptations. For instance lung or gills that draw oxygen from air feathers and fur as insulation long legs to run away from predators, and camouflage to hide. However, a proper understanding of adaptation requires paying attention to the distinction between behavioral and physiological traits.

Physical traits such as thick fur and gills are physical characteristics. The behavioral adaptations aren't, such as the tendency of animals to seek companionship or move into the shade in hot weather. Furthermore it is important to remember that lack of planning does not make something an adaptation. Inability to think about the implications of a choice even if it appears to be logical, can cause it to be unadaptive.