10 Quick Tips About Free Pragmatic: Difference between revisions

From Fanomos Wiki
Jump to navigation Jump to search
mNo edit summary
mNo edit summary
Line 1: Line 1:
What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the connection between context, language and meaning. It addresses issues such as what do people mean by the words they use?<br><br>It's a philosophy that focuses on sensible and practical actions. It contrasts with idealism which is the idea that one must adhere to their principles regardless of what.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics focuses on how language users communicate and interact with each with one another. It is usually thought of as a component of language, although it differs from semantics in the sense that pragmatics examines what the user is trying to convey rather than what the meaning actually is.<br><br>As a research area it is still young and its research has expanded quickly in the past few decades. It is primarily an academic discipline within linguistics, however it also influences research in other fields such as psychology, speech-language pathology, sociolinguistics, and Anthropology.<br><br>There are a variety of ways to approach pragmatics that have contributed to the development and growth of this field. One is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which is based primarily on the notions of intention and their interaction with the speaker's understanding of the listener's comprehension. The lexical and concept perspectives on pragmatics are likewise perspectives on the subject. These perspectives have contributed to the wide range of topics that researchers in pragmatics have studied.<br><br>The research in pragmatics has covered a vast variety of topics, including pragmatic understanding in L2 and request production by EFL students, and the importance of the theory of mind in physical and mental metaphors. It has been applied to cultural and social phenomena like political discourse, discriminatory speech, and interpersonal communication. Researchers studying pragmatics have employed a wide range of methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>The size of the knowledge base in pragmatics is different by database, as shown in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are two of the top performers in the field of pragmatics research. However, their rank varies depending on the database. This is due to the fact that pragmatics is a multidisciplinary field that intersects with other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to rank the top pragmatics authors according to their publications only. However, it is possible to determine the most influential authors through analyzing their contributions to pragmatics. For instance Bambini's contribution to the field of pragmatics has led to concepts such as conversational implicature and politeness theory. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also highly influential authors of the field of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics concentrates on the users and contexts of language use rather than focusing on reference, truth, or grammar. It studies the ways in which an expression can be interpreted as meaning different things in different contexts and also those caused by ambiguity or indexicality. It also focuses on the strategies employed by listeners to determine if phrases have a message. It is closely connected to the theory of conversational implicature, which was developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>While the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is a well-known, long-established one however, there is a lot of debate regarding the exact boundaries of these fields. Some philosophers argue that the concept of sentence meaning is a component of semantics, while others argue that this kind of issue should be viewed as pragmatic.<br><br>Another area of debate is whether the study of pragmatics is an linguistics-related branch or a part of the philosophy of language. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is a field in its own right and should be treated as a distinct part of the field of linguistics along with syntax, phonology semantics and so on. Others, however have argued the study of pragmatics is a component of philosophy since it focuses on how our notions of the meaning of language and how it is used influence our theories of how languages work.<br><br>There are a few key issues in the study of pragmatics that have fueled the debate. For example, some scholars have suggested that pragmatics isn't a subject in and of itself because it studies the ways in which people interpret and use language without referring to any facts regarding what is actually being said. This sort of approach is known as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars, however have argued that this research should be considered a discipline of its own since it studies the ways that cultural and social factors influence the meaning and usage of language. This is called near-side pragmatics.<br><br>Other topics of discussion in pragmatics include the manner in which we understand the nature of the utterance interpretation process as an inferential process, and the role that primary pragmatic processes play in the determining of what is being said by the speaker in a particular sentence. Recanati and Bach discuss these issues in greater in depth. Both papers address the notions of a saturation and a free enrichment of the pragmatic. These are crucial processes that shape the overall meaning an utterance.<br><br>How is Free Pragmatics Different from Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is how context affects linguistic meaning. It evaluates how human language is utilized in social interactions, and the relationship between the speaker and the interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists that focus in pragmatics.<br><br>Many different theories of pragmatics have been developed over the years. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communication intent of a speaker. Relevance Theory, for example is a study of the processes of understanding that take place when listeners interpret utterances. Some approaches to pragmatics are merged with other disciplines, including cognitive science and philosophy.<br><br>There are also divergent opinions regarding the boundaries between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers, like Morris believes that semantics and pragmatics are two separate topics. He says that semantics deals with the relation of words to objects which they may or not denote, while pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in a context.<br><br>Other philosophers like Bach and Harnish have suggested that pragmatism is an subfield within semantics. They differentiate between "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concentrates on the words spoken, whereas far-side pragmatics concentrates on the logical implications of saying something. They argue that semantics determines the logical implications of an utterance, while other pragmatics is determined by the pragmatic processes.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is contextually dependent. This means that the same utterance can have different meanings in different contexts, based on things like ambiguity and indexicality. Other factors that could alter the meaning of an utterance are the structure of the speech, the speaker's intentions and beliefs, and expectations of the listener.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is its particularity to the culture. This is due to different cultures having their own rules regarding what is acceptable to say in different situations. In certain cultures, it's acceptable to keep eye contact. In other cultures, it's considered rude.<br><br>There are numerous perspectives on pragmatics and lots of research is being conducted in this area. The main areas of research are computational and formal pragmatics theoretic and experimental pragmatics; cross-linguistic and intercultural pragmatics; and pragmatics that are experimental and clinical.<br><br>How is Free Pragmatics Similar to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed by the language used in its context. It is less concerned with the grammatical structure of the utterance and  [https://images.google.be/url?q=https://www.thehomeautomationhub.com/members/detailmother2/activity/73743/ 프라그마틱 카지노] 슬롯 추천 ([https://maps.google.com.sl/url?q=https://glamorouslengths.com/author/domainonion4 https://maps.google.com.sl/url?q=https://glamorouslengths.com/author/Domainonion4]) more on what the speaker is saying. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics has a link to other areas of study of linguistics, such as semantics and syntax or the philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years, the field of pragmatics has developed in a variety of directions, including computational linguistics, pragmatics of conversation, and theoretic pragmatics. These areas are characterized by a wide variety of research that addresses topics such as lexical features and the interaction between discourse, language and meaning.<br><br>One of the major issues in the philosophical debate of pragmatics is whether it is possible to provide a rigorous, systematic account of the semantics/pragmatics interface. Some philosophers have suggested that it is not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is not well-defined, and [https://images.google.be/url?q=https://burnham-bateman-2.technetbloggers.de/its-the-perfect-time-to-broaden-your-pragmatic-slot-buff-options 프라그마틱 정품확인] 체험 ([http://douerdun.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=1179029 more about Douerdun]) that they are the identical.<br><br>The debate over these positions is usually a tussle, with scholars arguing that certain phenomena fall under the umbrella of either pragmatics or semantics. For instance, some scholars argue that if an utterance has an actual truth-conditional meaning, then it is semantics. On the other hand, others argue that the fact that an utterance could be interpreted in different ways is pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have taken a different approach in arguing that the truth-conditional meaning of an utterance is only one of many ways in which the word can be interpreted, and that all of these ways are valid. This approach is often known as far-side pragmatics.<br><br>Some recent work in pragmatics has attempted to combine both approaches, attempting to capture the full range of possibilities of an utterance's interpretation by describing how a speaker's intentions and beliefs influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine the Gricean game theory model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will be able to consider a variety of possible exhaustified interpretations of an utterance containing the universal FCI any, and that this is what makes the exclusiveness implicature so strong when compared to other plausible implicatures.
What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the connection between context, language and meaning. It deals with questions like: What do people mean by the words they use?<br><br>It's a way of thinking that focuses on sensible and practical actions. It is in contrast to idealism which is the belief that one should stick to their principles regardless of the circumstances.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of ways that people who speak find meaning from and each one another. It is usually thought of as a component of language however it differs from semantics in the sense that pragmatics examines what the user wants to convey,  [https://thebookmarkking.com/story18055503/10-tell-tale-warning-signs-you-need-to-get-a-new-free-slot-pragmatic 프라그마틱 불법] 슈가러쉬 [[https://worldsocialindex.com/story3473225/how-a-weekly-pragmatic-project-can-change-your-life Worldsocialindex.Com]] not what the meaning actually is.<br><br>As a field of research the field of pragmatics is still relatively new and its research has expanded quickly in the past few decades. It is a language academic field, but it has also influenced research in other areas such as psychology, sociolinguistics, and the field of anthropology.<br><br>There are many different perspectives on pragmatics, and they have contributed to its growth and development. One example is the Gricean approach to pragmatics, that focuses on the concept of intention and how it interacts with the speaker's comprehension of the listener's. Other perspectives on pragmatics include the conceptual and lexical aspects of pragmatics. These views have contributed to the diversity of subjects that pragmatics researchers have studied.<br><br>The research in pragmatics has focused on a wide range of subjects, including L2 pragmatic comprehension and request production by EFL learners and the role of theory of mind in both mental and physical metaphors. It has been applied to cultural and social phenomena such as political discourse, discriminatory speech, and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers also have employed a variety of methodologies that range from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>The amount of knowledge base in pragmatics differs according to the database used, as shown in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are among the top researchers in pragmatics research, however their ranking varies by database. This is due to pragmatics being a multidisciplinary area that intersects other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to determine the top authors in pragmatics by their number of publications alone. However it is possible to determine the most influential authors by looking at their contributions to the field of pragmatics. Bambini, for example, has contributed to pragmatics by introducing concepts such as politeness and conversational implicititure theories. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also highly influential authors of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and the users of language as opposed to the study of truth or reference, or grammar. It focuses on the ways that an utterance can be interpreted as meaning different things from different contexts, including those caused by ambiguity or indexicality. It also focuses on strategies that hearers use to determine if words are meant to be communicated. It is closely related to the theory of conversational implicature developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>While the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is a well-known and established one, there is a lot of debate regarding the exact boundaries of these fields. Some philosophers believe that the notion of meaning of sentences is a part of semantics,  [https://icelisting.com/story19149005/5-things-that-everyone-is-misinformed-about-about-pragmatic-kr 프라그마틱 슬롯버프] whereas other claim that this type of problem should be considered pragmatic.<br><br>Another issue is whether pragmatics is a subfield of philosophy of language or a part of the study of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is an independent discipline and should be considered a part of linguistics alongside the study of phonology. syntax, semantics, etc. Others have argued that the study of pragmatics should be viewed as an aspect of philosophy of language since it examines the ways in which our concepts of the meanings and functions of language influence our theories about how languages work.<br><br>This debate has been fueled by a number of key questions that are essential to the study of pragmatism. For example, some scholars have argued that pragmatics is not an academic discipline in and of itself because it studies the ways in which people interpret and use language, without referring to any facts about what is actually being said. This sort of approach is known as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that the study should be considered a discipline in its own right, since it examines the ways the meaning and use of language is affected by cultural and social factors. This is known as near-side pragmatism.<br><br>Other topics of discussion in pragmatics are the ways we think about the nature of utterance interpretation as an inferential process and the role that the primary pragmatic processes play in the determination of what is being said by an individual speaker in a sentence. These are issues that are more thoroughly discussed in the papers written by Recanati and Bach. Both papers deal with the notions of saturation as well as free pragmatic enrichment. Both are important pragmatic processes in that they aid in shaping the overall meaning of an expression.<br><br>How is Free Pragmatics Different from Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of how context contributes to the meaning of a language. It studies the way that human language is used during social interactions and the relationship between the speaker and interpreter. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are known as pragmaticians.<br><br>Over the years, many different theories of pragmatism have been developed. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communication intention of a speaker. Relevance Theory, for example is focused on the processes of understanding that take place when listeners interpret utterances. Some approaches to pragmatics are merged with other disciplines, such as philosophy and cognitive science.<br><br>There are different opinions on the borderline between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers,  [https://socialrator.com/story8347504/9-what-your-parents-teach-you-about-pragmatic-product-authentication 프라그마틱 슬롯무료] such as Morris believes that semantics and pragmatics are two separate topics. He argues semantics concerns the relationship of signs to objects they could or might not denote whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in a context.<br><br>Other philosophers like Bach and Harnish have suggested that pragmatism is an subfield of semantics. They define "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concentrates on the words spoken, whereas far-side pragmatics concentrates on the logical implications of saying something. They believe that a portion of the 'pragmatics' in the words spoken are already influenced by semantics, while the rest is determined by pragmatic processes of inference.<br><br>The context is among the most important aspects of pragmatics. This means that a single word may have different meanings depending on factors such as ambiguity or indexicality. Other elements that can alter the meaning of an expression include discourse structure, speaker intentions and beliefs, as well as listener expectations.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is its cultural specificity. It is because every culture has its own rules regarding what is appropriate in different situations. In certain cultures, it's acceptable to keep eye contact. In other cultures, it's considered rude.<br><br>There are many different perspectives on pragmatics and much research is being conducted in this field. There are a myriad of areas of research, such as computational and formal pragmatics theoretic and  [https://ez-bookmarking.com/story18062580/25-surprising-facts-about-live-casino 무료슬롯 프라그마틱] 게임 ([https://pragmatic-kr66329.yomoblog.com/36078921/you-are-responsible-for-the-free-pragmatic-budget-12-tips-on-how-to-spend-your-money pragmatic-kr66329.Yomoblog.com]) experimental pragmatism, intercultural and cross pragmatics in linguistics, and clinical and experimentative pragmatics.<br><br>What is the relationship between Free Pragmatics and to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The pragmatics discipline is concerned with the way meaning is communicated through the language used in its context. It analyzes the way in which the speaker's intentions and beliefs influence interpretation, focusing less on grammatical features of the utterance instead of what is being said. Pragmaticians are linguists that focus in pragmatics. The topic of pragmatics is connected to other areas of linguistics like syntax, semantics and philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years, the area of pragmatics has been developing in several different directions that include computational linguistics, pragmatics in conversation, and theoretical pragmatics. These areas are characterized by a wide variety of research, which focuses on issues like lexical characteristics and the interplay between discourse, language and meaning.<br><br>In the philosophical discussion of pragmatism one of the most important questions is whether it's possible to provide a thorough and systematic explanation of the interface between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers have suggested that it is not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is ill-defined and that semantics and pragmatics are actually the same thing.<br><br>The debate over these positions is usually a back and forth affair and scholars arguing that certain phenomena fall under the rubric of either semantics or pragmatics. Some scholars argue that if a statement carries the literal truth conditional meaning, it is semantics. Others believe that the possibility that a statement may be interpreted differently is pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have taken an alternative route. They argue that the truth-conditional interpretation for a statement is only one of many possible interpretations, and that all interpretations are valid. This method is sometimes described as "far-side pragmatics".<br><br>Recent research in pragmatics has sought to integrate semantic and distant side methods. It attempts to capture the entire range of interpretive possibilities for a speaker's utterance, by modeling how the speaker's beliefs as well as intentions influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine the Gricean game theory model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological advances from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will be entertained by a variety of exhausted interpretations of an utterance that contains the universal FCI Any, and that is why the exclusiveness implicature is so strong in comparison to other possible implications.

Revision as of 15:17, 15 January 2025

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of the connection between context, language and meaning. It deals with questions like: What do people mean by the words they use?

It's a way of thinking that focuses on sensible and practical actions. It is in contrast to idealism which is the belief that one should stick to their principles regardless of the circumstances.

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of ways that people who speak find meaning from and each one another. It is usually thought of as a component of language however it differs from semantics in the sense that pragmatics examines what the user wants to convey, 프라그마틱 불법 슈가러쉬 [Worldsocialindex.Com] not what the meaning actually is.

As a field of research the field of pragmatics is still relatively new and its research has expanded quickly in the past few decades. It is a language academic field, but it has also influenced research in other areas such as psychology, sociolinguistics, and the field of anthropology.

There are many different perspectives on pragmatics, and they have contributed to its growth and development. One example is the Gricean approach to pragmatics, that focuses on the concept of intention and how it interacts with the speaker's comprehension of the listener's. Other perspectives on pragmatics include the conceptual and lexical aspects of pragmatics. These views have contributed to the diversity of subjects that pragmatics researchers have studied.

The research in pragmatics has focused on a wide range of subjects, including L2 pragmatic comprehension and request production by EFL learners and the role of theory of mind in both mental and physical metaphors. It has been applied to cultural and social phenomena such as political discourse, discriminatory speech, and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers also have employed a variety of methodologies that range from experimental to sociocultural.

The amount of knowledge base in pragmatics differs according to the database used, as shown in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are among the top researchers in pragmatics research, however their ranking varies by database. This is due to pragmatics being a multidisciplinary area that intersects other disciplines.

This makes it difficult to determine the top authors in pragmatics by their number of publications alone. However it is possible to determine the most influential authors by looking at their contributions to the field of pragmatics. Bambini, for example, has contributed to pragmatics by introducing concepts such as politeness and conversational implicititure theories. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also highly influential authors of pragmatics.

What is Free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and the users of language as opposed to the study of truth or reference, or grammar. It focuses on the ways that an utterance can be interpreted as meaning different things from different contexts, including those caused by ambiguity or indexicality. It also focuses on strategies that hearers use to determine if words are meant to be communicated. It is closely related to the theory of conversational implicature developed by Paul Grice.

While the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is a well-known and established one, there is a lot of debate regarding the exact boundaries of these fields. Some philosophers believe that the notion of meaning of sentences is a part of semantics, 프라그마틱 슬롯버프 whereas other claim that this type of problem should be considered pragmatic.

Another issue is whether pragmatics is a subfield of philosophy of language or a part of the study of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is an independent discipline and should be considered a part of linguistics alongside the study of phonology. syntax, semantics, etc. Others have argued that the study of pragmatics should be viewed as an aspect of philosophy of language since it examines the ways in which our concepts of the meanings and functions of language influence our theories about how languages work.

This debate has been fueled by a number of key questions that are essential to the study of pragmatism. For example, some scholars have argued that pragmatics is not an academic discipline in and of itself because it studies the ways in which people interpret and use language, without referring to any facts about what is actually being said. This sort of approach is known as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that the study should be considered a discipline in its own right, since it examines the ways the meaning and use of language is affected by cultural and social factors. This is known as near-side pragmatism.

Other topics of discussion in pragmatics are the ways we think about the nature of utterance interpretation as an inferential process and the role that the primary pragmatic processes play in the determination of what is being said by an individual speaker in a sentence. These are issues that are more thoroughly discussed in the papers written by Recanati and Bach. Both papers deal with the notions of saturation as well as free pragmatic enrichment. Both are important pragmatic processes in that they aid in shaping the overall meaning of an expression.

How is Free Pragmatics Different from Explanatory Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of how context contributes to the meaning of a language. It studies the way that human language is used during social interactions and the relationship between the speaker and interpreter. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are known as pragmaticians.

Over the years, many different theories of pragmatism have been developed. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communication intention of a speaker. Relevance Theory, for example is focused on the processes of understanding that take place when listeners interpret utterances. Some approaches to pragmatics are merged with other disciplines, such as philosophy and cognitive science.

There are different opinions on the borderline between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers, 프라그마틱 슬롯무료 such as Morris believes that semantics and pragmatics are two separate topics. He argues semantics concerns the relationship of signs to objects they could or might not denote whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in a context.

Other philosophers like Bach and Harnish have suggested that pragmatism is an subfield of semantics. They define "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concentrates on the words spoken, whereas far-side pragmatics concentrates on the logical implications of saying something. They believe that a portion of the 'pragmatics' in the words spoken are already influenced by semantics, while the rest is determined by pragmatic processes of inference.

The context is among the most important aspects of pragmatics. This means that a single word may have different meanings depending on factors such as ambiguity or indexicality. Other elements that can alter the meaning of an expression include discourse structure, speaker intentions and beliefs, as well as listener expectations.

Another aspect of pragmatics is its cultural specificity. It is because every culture has its own rules regarding what is appropriate in different situations. In certain cultures, it's acceptable to keep eye contact. In other cultures, it's considered rude.

There are many different perspectives on pragmatics and much research is being conducted in this field. There are a myriad of areas of research, such as computational and formal pragmatics theoretic and 무료슬롯 프라그마틱 게임 (pragmatic-kr66329.Yomoblog.com) experimental pragmatism, intercultural and cross pragmatics in linguistics, and clinical and experimentative pragmatics.

What is the relationship between Free Pragmatics and to Explanatory Pragmatics?

The pragmatics discipline is concerned with the way meaning is communicated through the language used in its context. It analyzes the way in which the speaker's intentions and beliefs influence interpretation, focusing less on grammatical features of the utterance instead of what is being said. Pragmaticians are linguists that focus in pragmatics. The topic of pragmatics is connected to other areas of linguistics like syntax, semantics and philosophy of language.

In recent years, the area of pragmatics has been developing in several different directions that include computational linguistics, pragmatics in conversation, and theoretical pragmatics. These areas are characterized by a wide variety of research, which focuses on issues like lexical characteristics and the interplay between discourse, language and meaning.

In the philosophical discussion of pragmatism one of the most important questions is whether it's possible to provide a thorough and systematic explanation of the interface between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers have suggested that it is not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is ill-defined and that semantics and pragmatics are actually the same thing.

The debate over these positions is usually a back and forth affair and scholars arguing that certain phenomena fall under the rubric of either semantics or pragmatics. Some scholars argue that if a statement carries the literal truth conditional meaning, it is semantics. Others believe that the possibility that a statement may be interpreted differently is pragmatics.

Other pragmatics researchers have taken an alternative route. They argue that the truth-conditional interpretation for a statement is only one of many possible interpretations, and that all interpretations are valid. This method is sometimes described as "far-side pragmatics".

Recent research in pragmatics has sought to integrate semantic and distant side methods. It attempts to capture the entire range of interpretive possibilities for a speaker's utterance, by modeling how the speaker's beliefs as well as intentions influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine the Gricean game theory model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological advances from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will be entertained by a variety of exhausted interpretations of an utterance that contains the universal FCI Any, and that is why the exclusiveness implicature is so strong in comparison to other possible implications.