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(Created page with "What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is a study of the relationship between context and language. It addresses issues such as: [https://bookmarkize.com/story18097700/5-laws-everyone-working-in-pragmatic-slot-recommendations-should-be-aware-of 프라그마틱 홈페이지] What do people mean by the terms they use?<br><br>It's a philosophy that focuses on the practical and sensible actions. It's in opposition to idealism, the belief that you must always abide to your co...")
 
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What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is a study of the relationship between context and language. It addresses issues such as: [https://bookmarkize.com/story18097700/5-laws-everyone-working-in-pragmatic-slot-recommendations-should-be-aware-of 프라그마틱 홈페이지] What do people mean by the terms they use?<br><br>It's a philosophy that focuses on the practical and sensible actions. It's in opposition to idealism, the belief that you must always abide to your convictions.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of ways in which language users get meaning from and with each with each other. It is often thought of as a component of language, but it is different from semantics in that it is focused on what the user wants to convey, not what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a research area the field of pragmatics is relatively new, and its research has been expanding rapidly in the last few decades. It is a linguistics academic field, but it has also affected research in other areas such as psychology, sociolinguistics, and Anthropology.<br><br>There are a myriad of methods of pragmatics that have contributed to the growth and development of this discipline. One perspective is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which focuses primarily on the notions of intention and their interaction with the speaker's knowledge of the listener's comprehension. The lexical and concept approaches to pragmatics are also views on the topic. These perspectives have contributed to the variety of topics that researchers in pragmatics have studied.<br><br>The research in pragmatics has been focused on a broad range of subjects such as L2 pragmatic understanding and request production by EFL learners, and the role of theory of mind in both mental and physical metaphors. It has also been applied to cultural and social phenomena, such as political discourse, discriminatory language, [https://singnalsocial.com/story3369099/why-pragmatic-is-a-lot-more-dangerous-than-you-believed 무료 프라그마틱] and interpersonal communication. Researchers studying pragmatics have employed various methods from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>The size of the knowledge base in pragmatics is different according to the database used, as shown in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are two of the top performers in research on pragmatics. However, their ranking is dependent on the database. This is because pragmatics is a multidisciplinary area that intersects other disciplines.<br><br>It is therefore difficult to determine the best pragmatics authors solely by the quantity of their publications. It is possible to determine influential authors based on their contributions to the field of pragmatics. Bambini for instance, has contributed to pragmatics through concepts like politeness and conversational implicititure theories. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also influential authors of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and users of language rather than with truth grammar, reference, or. It focuses on the ways in which an expression can be understood as meaning various things depending on the context as well as those triggered by indexicality or ambiguity. It also examines the strategies that hearers use to determine which utterances are intended to be communicative. It is closely connected to the theory of conversative implicature, which was first developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines is a matter of debate. While the distinction is widely known, it isn't always clear where the lines should be drawn. Some philosophers argue that the concept of sentence meaning is a part of semantics, whereas other insist that this particular problem should be considered pragmatic.<br><br>Another area of debate is whether the study of pragmatics is a branch of linguistics or an aspect of philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued pragmatics is an independent field and should be considered a part of linguistics alongside phonology. syntax, semantics, etc. Others have suggested the study of pragmatics is a part of philosophy since it examines how our ideas about the meaning and use of languages influence our theories on how languages work.<br><br>The debate has been fuelled by a number of key issues that are central to the study of pragmatism. For instance, some scholars have argued that pragmatics is not a subject in and of itself since it examines the ways people interpret and use language, without referring to any facts regarding what is actually being said. This type of approach is referred to as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that the subject is a discipline in its own right since it examines the manner the meaning and use of language is dependent on cultural and social factors. This is called near-side pragmatics.<br><br>Other topics of discussion in pragmatics are the ways in which we understand the nature of the interpretation of utterances as an inferential process and the role that primary pragmatic processes play in the analysis of what is being spoken by the speaker in a particular sentence. Recanati and Bach discuss these topics in greater depth. Both of these papers discuss the notions of saturation as well as free pragmatic enrichment, which are significant pragmatic processes in that they aid in shaping the overall meaning of an expression.<br><br>What is the difference between explanatory and free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics focuses on how the context affects the meaning of linguistics. It evaluates how human language is utilized in social interactions, and the relationship between the speaker and the interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists who focus in pragmatics.<br><br>Many different theories of pragmatics have been developed over the years. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics focus on the intention of communication of the speaker. Relevance Theory for instance, focuses on the processes of understanding that occur when listeners interpret utterances. Certain approaches to pragmatics have been merged with other disciplines, like philosophy and [https://thebookmarkage.com/story18054158/pragmatic-free-trial-tips-from-the-most-effective-in-the-business 프라그마틱 슬롯버프] cognitive science.<br><br>There are different opinions about the line between semantics and pragmatics. Certain philosophers, such as Morris, believe that pragmatics and semantics are two distinct subjects. He says that semantics deal with the relationship of signs to objects that they could or may not denote, whereas pragmatics deals with the use of words in context.<br><br>Other philosophers, including Bach and Harnish have also argued that pragmatics is a subfield of semantics. They define "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics is focused on what is said, while far-side pragmatics focuses on the logical implications of saying something. They claim that semantics determines some of the pragmatics of an utterance, while other pragmatics are determined by the pragmatic processes.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is contextually dependent. This means that the same phrase can mean different things in different contexts, based on factors such as ambiguity and indexicality. Other elements that can alter the meaning of an expression include the structure of the discourse,  [https://getsocialsource.com/story3387231/24-hours-to-improve-pragmatic-free-trial-slot-buff 프라그마틱 무료체험] 슬롯 무료체험 ([https://bookmarkforce.com/story18193946/the-best-pragmatic-free-trial-meta-tricks-to-change-your-life Bookmarkforce.com]) speaker intentions and beliefs, as well as the expectations of the listener.<br><br>A second aspect of pragmatics is its particularity in culture. It is because each culture has its own rules about what is appropriate in different situations. In some cultures, it's considered polite to look at each other. In other cultures, it's rude.<br><br>There are many different perspectives on pragmatics, and a lot of research is being conducted in this area. There are a variety of areas of study, including formal and computational pragmatics theoretic and experimental pragmatics, intercultural and cross pragmatics of language, as well as pragmatics in the clinical and experimental sense.<br><br>How is Free Pragmatics Similar to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The pragmatics discipline is concerned with the way meaning is communicated through the language in a context. It focuses less on the grammatical structure of an spoken word and more on what the speaker is saying. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics has a link to other areas of study of linguistics, such as syntax and semantics or philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years, the area of pragmatics has been developing in a variety of directions, including computational linguistics, pragmatics of conversation, and theoretic pragmatics. These areas are characterized by a variety of research, which focuses on topics such as lexical features and the interplay between discourse, language, and meaning.<br><br>One of the most important issues in the philosophical debate of pragmatics is whether it is possible to have a rigorous, systematic account of the semantics/pragmatics interface. Some philosophers have suggested it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is not clear and that they're the identical.<br><br>It is not uncommon for scholars to debate back and forth between these two positions, arguing that certain phenomena are either pragmatics or semantics. For instance certain scholars argue that if a statement has a literal truth-conditional meaning then it is semantics. On the other hand, others argue that the fact that an utterance could be interpreted in different ways is a sign of pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have taken an alternative route. They claim that the truth-conditional interpretation of a sentence is only one of many possible interpretations,  [https://cypriotdirectory.com/ 프라그마틱 플레이] and that all interpretations are valid. This approach is often called far-side pragmatics.<br><br>Recent research in pragmatics has attempted to integrate semantic and distant side approaches. It tries to capture the full range of interpretational possibilities that a speaker's speech can offer by illustrating the way in which the speaker's beliefs and intentions influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. The 2019 version combines an Gricean model of the Rational Speech Act framework, with technological innovations created by Franke and Bergen. This model predicts that the listeners will entertain a variety of possible exhaustified interpretations of an utterance containing the universal FCI any which is what makes the exclusivity implicature so reliable when contrasted to other possible implicatures.
What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics examines the connection between language and context. It addresses questions such as: What do people mean by the words they use?<br><br>It's a philosophy that is focused on the practical and sensible actions. It is in contrast to idealism which is the idea that one should stick to their beliefs no matter what.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics examines the way that language users interact and communicate with one with one another. It is often viewed as a part or language, but it is different from semantics in that it concentrates on what the user is trying to convey and not what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a field of study, pragmatics is relatively new, and its research has grown rapidly over the past few decades. It has been primarily an academic field of study within linguistics but it also has an impact on research in other fields such as psychology, speech-language pathology, sociolinguistics, and the study of anthropology.<br><br>There are a variety of ways to approach pragmatics that have contributed to the development and growth of this field. For example,  [http://soltech.shop/bitrix/redirect.php?goto=https://pragmatickr.com/ 프라그마틱 정품확인방법] one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics that focuses on the concept of intention and how it affects the speaker's understanding of the listener's. Other perspectives on pragmatics include the conceptual and  라이브 카지노 [[https://safemebel.ru/bitrix/redirect.php?event1=click_to_call&event2=&event3=&goto=https://pragmatickr.com/ Safemebel.Ru]] lexical approaches to pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the diversity of topics that researchers in pragmatics have studied.<br><br>The study of pragmatics has focused on a wide range of topics, including L2 pragmatic comprehension, production of requests by EFL learners and the role of theory of mind in both mental and physical metaphors. It has been applied to cultural and social phenomena such as political discourse, discriminatory speech, and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers also have employed diverse methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>Figure 9A-C shows that the size of the knowledge base for pragmatics varies according to the database used. The US and the UK are among the top contributors to pragmatics research, but their ranking varies by database. This is due to the fact that pragmatics is a multidisciplinary field that intersects with other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to classify the top pragmatics authors based on the number of publications they have. However it is possible to identify the most influential authors by looking at their contributions to the field of pragmatics. For instance Bambini's contribution to the field of pragmatics has led to concepts such as conversational implicature and  [http://hyundaitruck-35.ru/bitrix/redirect.php?goto=https://pragmatickr.com/ 프라그마틱 슬롯 추천] politeness theory. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also influential authors of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics concentrates on the contexts and users of language use, rather than on reference grammar, truth, or. It studies the ways that an utterance can be understood as meaning different things in different contexts and also those caused by indexicality or ambiguity. It also examines the methods that listeners employ to determine whether utterances are intended to be communicative. It is closely linked to the theory of conversational implicature pioneered by Paul Grice.<br><br>While the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is a well-known, long-established one There is much debate about the precise boundaries of these disciplines. For instance, some philosophers have argued that the concept of sentence meaning is an aspect of semantics. Others have claimed that this sort of thing should be considered as a pragmatic problem.<br><br>Another controversy concerns whether pragmatics is a branch of philosophy of languages or a branch of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is a discipline in its own right and should be considered an independent part of the field of linguistics along with syntax, phonology, semantics and so on. Others, however, have suggested that the study of pragmatics should be viewed as part of the philosophy of language since it deals with the ways that our beliefs about the meanings and functions of language affect our theories about how languages function.<br><br>The debate has been fuelled by a number of key questions that are essential to the study of pragmatism. For instance, some researchers have argued that pragmatics is not a subject in and of itself since it studies the ways that people interpret and use language without using any data about what is actually being said. This sort of approach is called far-side pragmatics. Some scholars, however have argued that this study ought to be considered a discipline of its own because it examines how cultural and social influences affect the meaning and use of language. This is called near-side pragmatism.<br><br>Other topics of discussion in pragmatics include the way in which we understand the nature of utterance interpretation as an inferential process, and the role that the primary pragmatic processes play in the analysis of what is being spoken by an individual speaker in a sentence. These are the issues more thoroughly discussed in the papers written by Recanati and Bach. Both papers deal with the notions of saturation as well as free pragmatic enrichment, which are important pragmatic processes in the sense that they aid in shaping the meaning of an utterance.<br><br>What is the difference between free and explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics examines how context affects linguistic meaning. It focuses on how human language is used during social interactions and the relationship between speaker and [https://white-design.ru:443/redirect?url=https://pragmatickr.com/ 프라그마틱 슬롯] interpreter. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are known as pragmaticians.<br><br>Over the years, many different theories of pragmatism have been developed. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communication intent of speakers. Others, such as Relevance Theory concentrate on the understanding processes that occur during utterance interpretation by hearers. Some pragmatic approaches have been combined with other disciplines, like philosophy or cognitive science.<br><br>There are also divergent opinions on the boundary between semantics and pragmatics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that semantics and pragmatism are two distinct topics. He argues that semantics is concerned with the relationship of signs to objects that they might or may not denote whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in the context.<br><br>Other philosophers, like Bach and Harnish, have argued that pragmatics is a subfield of semantics. They distinguish between "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics focuses on the words spoken, while far-side pragmatics is focused on the logical implications of saying something. They argue that semantics determines some of the pragmatics of a statement, whereas other pragmatics is determined by the pragmatic processes.<br><br>The context is one of the most important aspects of pragmatics. This means that the same phrase can have different meanings in different contexts, depending on things such as indexicality and ambiguity. Other factors that could alter the meaning of an expression include the structure of the discourse, speaker intentions and beliefs, and listener expectations.<br><br>A second aspect of pragmatics is its particularity in culture. This is because different cultures have different rules for what is acceptable to say in different situations. For example, it is acceptable in certain cultures to make eye contact however it is not acceptable in other cultures.<br><br>There are many different views of pragmatics, and a great deal of research is conducted in this field. Some of the main areas of research are: formal and computational pragmatics theoretic and experimental pragmatics; cross-linguistic and intercultural pragmatics; and pragmatics in the clinical and experimental sense.<br><br>What is the relationship between Free Pragmatics and to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics, a linguistic field, is concerned with how meaning is conveyed through the use of language in context. It is less concerned with the grammatical structure of the utterance and more on what the speaker is actually saying. Pragmaticians are linguists who focus on pragmatics. The subject of pragmatics is related to other areas of linguistics, such as syntax, semantics and philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent times the field of pragmatics evolved in a variety of directions. These include computational linguistics as well as conversational pragmatics. These areas are distinguished by a broad range of research, which focuses on issues like lexical characteristics and  [https://agroup23.ru/bitrix/redirect.php?goto=https://pragmatickr.com/ 프라그마틱] the interaction between discourse, language, and meaning.<br><br>One of the major questions in the philosophical discussion of pragmatics is whether it is possible to develop an exhaustive, systematic view of the semantics/pragmatics interface. Some philosophers have suggested that it's not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is unclear and that pragmatics and semantics are actually the same thing.<br><br>The debate between these two positions is often an ongoing debate and scholars arguing that particular phenomena are a part of either semantics or pragmatics. Some scholars say that if a statement is interpreted with a literal truth conditional meaning, it's semantics. Others contend that the fact that a statement could be interpreted differently is pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have adopted an alternative route. They claim that the truth-conditional interpretation of a sentence is just one of the many possible interpretations, and that all of them are valid. This is commonly known as far-side pragmatics.<br><br>Recent research in pragmatics has sought to integrate semantic and distant side approaches. It tries to capture the full range of interpretational possibilities that can be derived from a speaker's words, by modeling how the speaker's beliefs and intentions influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine an Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will have to entertain a myriad of exhausted parses of a speech that is a part of the universal FCI Any. This is the reason why the exclusivity implicature is so strong compared to other plausible implications.

Revision as of 21:17, 7 January 2025

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics examines the connection between language and context. It addresses questions such as: What do people mean by the words they use?

It's a philosophy that is focused on the practical and sensible actions. It is in contrast to idealism which is the idea that one should stick to their beliefs no matter what.

What is Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics examines the way that language users interact and communicate with one with one another. It is often viewed as a part or language, but it is different from semantics in that it concentrates on what the user is trying to convey and not what the actual meaning is.

As a field of study, pragmatics is relatively new, and its research has grown rapidly over the past few decades. It has been primarily an academic field of study within linguistics but it also has an impact on research in other fields such as psychology, speech-language pathology, sociolinguistics, and the study of anthropology.

There are a variety of ways to approach pragmatics that have contributed to the development and growth of this field. For example, 프라그마틱 정품확인방법 one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics that focuses on the concept of intention and how it affects the speaker's understanding of the listener's. Other perspectives on pragmatics include the conceptual and 라이브 카지노 [Safemebel.Ru] lexical approaches to pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the diversity of topics that researchers in pragmatics have studied.

The study of pragmatics has focused on a wide range of topics, including L2 pragmatic comprehension, production of requests by EFL learners and the role of theory of mind in both mental and physical metaphors. It has been applied to cultural and social phenomena such as political discourse, discriminatory speech, and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers also have employed diverse methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.

Figure 9A-C shows that the size of the knowledge base for pragmatics varies according to the database used. The US and the UK are among the top contributors to pragmatics research, but their ranking varies by database. This is due to the fact that pragmatics is a multidisciplinary field that intersects with other disciplines.

This makes it difficult to classify the top pragmatics authors based on the number of publications they have. However it is possible to identify the most influential authors by looking at their contributions to the field of pragmatics. For instance Bambini's contribution to the field of pragmatics has led to concepts such as conversational implicature and 프라그마틱 슬롯 추천 politeness theory. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also influential authors of pragmatics.

What is Free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics concentrates on the contexts and users of language use, rather than on reference grammar, truth, or. It studies the ways that an utterance can be understood as meaning different things in different contexts and also those caused by indexicality or ambiguity. It also examines the methods that listeners employ to determine whether utterances are intended to be communicative. It is closely linked to the theory of conversational implicature pioneered by Paul Grice.

While the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is a well-known, long-established one There is much debate about the precise boundaries of these disciplines. For instance, some philosophers have argued that the concept of sentence meaning is an aspect of semantics. Others have claimed that this sort of thing should be considered as a pragmatic problem.

Another controversy concerns whether pragmatics is a branch of philosophy of languages or a branch of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is a discipline in its own right and should be considered an independent part of the field of linguistics along with syntax, phonology, semantics and so on. Others, however, have suggested that the study of pragmatics should be viewed as part of the philosophy of language since it deals with the ways that our beliefs about the meanings and functions of language affect our theories about how languages function.

The debate has been fuelled by a number of key questions that are essential to the study of pragmatism. For instance, some researchers have argued that pragmatics is not a subject in and of itself since it studies the ways that people interpret and use language without using any data about what is actually being said. This sort of approach is called far-side pragmatics. Some scholars, however have argued that this study ought to be considered a discipline of its own because it examines how cultural and social influences affect the meaning and use of language. This is called near-side pragmatism.

Other topics of discussion in pragmatics include the way in which we understand the nature of utterance interpretation as an inferential process, and the role that the primary pragmatic processes play in the analysis of what is being spoken by an individual speaker in a sentence. These are the issues more thoroughly discussed in the papers written by Recanati and Bach. Both papers deal with the notions of saturation as well as free pragmatic enrichment, which are important pragmatic processes in the sense that they aid in shaping the meaning of an utterance.

What is the difference between free and explanatory Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics examines how context affects linguistic meaning. It focuses on how human language is used during social interactions and the relationship between speaker and 프라그마틱 슬롯 interpreter. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are known as pragmaticians.

Over the years, many different theories of pragmatism have been developed. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communication intent of speakers. Others, such as Relevance Theory concentrate on the understanding processes that occur during utterance interpretation by hearers. Some pragmatic approaches have been combined with other disciplines, like philosophy or cognitive science.

There are also divergent opinions on the boundary between semantics and pragmatics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that semantics and pragmatism are two distinct topics. He argues that semantics is concerned with the relationship of signs to objects that they might or may not denote whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in the context.

Other philosophers, like Bach and Harnish, have argued that pragmatics is a subfield of semantics. They distinguish between "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics focuses on the words spoken, while far-side pragmatics is focused on the logical implications of saying something. They argue that semantics determines some of the pragmatics of a statement, whereas other pragmatics is determined by the pragmatic processes.

The context is one of the most important aspects of pragmatics. This means that the same phrase can have different meanings in different contexts, depending on things such as indexicality and ambiguity. Other factors that could alter the meaning of an expression include the structure of the discourse, speaker intentions and beliefs, and listener expectations.

A second aspect of pragmatics is its particularity in culture. This is because different cultures have different rules for what is acceptable to say in different situations. For example, it is acceptable in certain cultures to make eye contact however it is not acceptable in other cultures.

There are many different views of pragmatics, and a great deal of research is conducted in this field. Some of the main areas of research are: formal and computational pragmatics theoretic and experimental pragmatics; cross-linguistic and intercultural pragmatics; and pragmatics in the clinical and experimental sense.

What is the relationship between Free Pragmatics and to Explanatory Pragmatics?

The discipline of pragmatics, a linguistic field, is concerned with how meaning is conveyed through the use of language in context. It is less concerned with the grammatical structure of the utterance and more on what the speaker is actually saying. Pragmaticians are linguists who focus on pragmatics. The subject of pragmatics is related to other areas of linguistics, such as syntax, semantics and philosophy of language.

In recent times the field of pragmatics evolved in a variety of directions. These include computational linguistics as well as conversational pragmatics. These areas are distinguished by a broad range of research, which focuses on issues like lexical characteristics and 프라그마틱 the interaction between discourse, language, and meaning.

One of the major questions in the philosophical discussion of pragmatics is whether it is possible to develop an exhaustive, systematic view of the semantics/pragmatics interface. Some philosophers have suggested that it's not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is unclear and that pragmatics and semantics are actually the same thing.

The debate between these two positions is often an ongoing debate and scholars arguing that particular phenomena are a part of either semantics or pragmatics. Some scholars say that if a statement is interpreted with a literal truth conditional meaning, it's semantics. Others contend that the fact that a statement could be interpreted differently is pragmatics.

Other pragmatics researchers have adopted an alternative route. They claim that the truth-conditional interpretation of a sentence is just one of the many possible interpretations, and that all of them are valid. This is commonly known as far-side pragmatics.

Recent research in pragmatics has sought to integrate semantic and distant side approaches. It tries to capture the full range of interpretational possibilities that can be derived from a speaker's words, by modeling how the speaker's beliefs and intentions influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine an Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will have to entertain a myriad of exhausted parses of a speech that is a part of the universal FCI Any. This is the reason why the exclusivity implicature is so strong compared to other plausible implications.