The Guide To Diagnosis ADHD In 2023: Difference between revisions

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(Created page with "What is a Diagnosis of ADHD?<br><br>A diagnosis of ADHD can be the first time a child is given a reason for their excessive activity and inattention. Adults are diagnosed when symptoms become severe enough to hinder their work and personal lives.<br><br>To determine the correct diagnosis, consult an expert in health care who is skilled in treating ADHD. Request referrals from trusted friends or therapists or request recommendations from your health insurance.<br><br>Symp...")
 
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What is a Diagnosis of ADHD?<br><br>A diagnosis of ADHD can be the first time a child is given a reason for their excessive activity and inattention. Adults are diagnosed when symptoms become severe enough to hinder their work and personal lives.<br><br>To determine the correct diagnosis, consult an expert in health care who is skilled in treating ADHD. Request referrals from trusted friends or therapists or request recommendations from your health insurance.<br><br>Symptoms<br><br>Although you might have tried to get rid of the symptoms of [https://articlescad.com/15-things-youve-never-known-about-who-diagnoses-adhd-909057.html adhd diagnosis adult] by consuming a healthy diet, exercising or other methods, but with no success, an official diagnosis from a medical professional can provide you with the help you require. The recognition of a diagnosis can be a source of relief and comfort to know that it isn't a lack of intelligence or laziness that is hindering you from achieving your goals. Your doctor will also be able to offer you an treatment plan to improve your functioning.<br><br>Your GP can help determine whether you or your child is suffering from ADHD symptoms and then refer you to a specialist who will perform a formal assessment. You can take any ADHD questions or quizzes you can find on the internet prior to scheduling an appointment with a healthcare professional. These act as a self-screening tool and will help you feel confident to request an assessment by a qualified professional. Bring a copy of all relevant documents with you to your appointment. The doctor will review your medical and family history and interview people who are familiar with you and your behavior. This could include a teacher, coach or your spouse. The clinician will look for symptoms of inattentive ADHD, hyperactive/impulsive ADHD or combined ADHD.<br><br>The American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition Text Revision DSM-5 provides clinical guidelines for healthcare professionals to diagnose ADHD. The symptoms must have been present prior to the patient turning 12 and sufficiently severe to cause problems at work, school, or home. The symptoms must have lasted for at least six months.<br><br>Inattentive ADHD is a problem for children who are unable to pay attention or remain in one place. They tend to daydream or lose focus when they are talking. Hyperactive/impulsive ADHD is more noticeable in younger children. They flitter, don't want to wait for their turn and have an abundance of energy. They interrupt others or act without thinking about the consequences. Combined ADHD is less common and combines aspects of inattentive ADHD and hyperactive/impulsive ADHD.<br><br>If your symptoms are mild You are able to get the help you need by managing the symptoms with therapy or medication. Medicine can help you focus and reduce impulsivity and hyperactivity, helping you to achieve your goals in the workplace, at school or at home. You can also find strategies to improve organization, increase the structure of your life and establish good sleeping and eating habits. It is important to seek assistance as soon as you begin to notice signs of ADHD.<br><br>Evaluation<br><br>For those who are suffering from symptoms of ADHD and other disorders, a thorough assessment is required to determine the reason. In an assessment an experienced mental health specialist will assess a range of aspects that affect the patient's mood and medical history as well as any issues that could be causing the disorder or obscuring its symptoms. A broad-spectrum scale which measures social, emotional and psychiatric issues could be administered. In addition tests that test motor skills and the ability to process information will be conducted.<br><br>A doctor who is specialized in attention disorders, whether a psychiatrist or a clinical psychologist is usually able to provide an accurate diagnosis of ADHD. The specialist will ask the patient and his or family members to describe their symptoms, complete an assessment of psychiatric issues, review medical records, and use adult rating scales and questionnaires.<br><br>The specialist will also take a look at symptoms and see how they impact an individual's everyday life. He or she will note if the symptoms occur at work, in school or in relationships, as well as at home. He or she will also note [https://aboutdirectorofnursingjobs.com/author/townfelony17/ how do i get adhd diagnosis] do you get diagnosed With adhd in adults - [https://jobs251.com/author/oxygendog0/ https://jobs251.com/author/oxygendog0] - the symptoms have been evident for. It is crucial to remember that ADHD cannot be diagnosed as an adult for the first time, because current diagnostic guidelines only recognize it when the disorder was evident during childhood.<br><br>In children, the process of diagnosis involves gathering information from a variety of sources that include the child's teachers and caregivers. The specialist will assess the child's behavior to that of other children of the same age, and may employ standardized ratings scales. The specialist will also review the child's medical records and perform a physical examination.<br><br>For adults the diagnosis of ADHD is usually more difficult, as the DSM-5 symptom guide is not specifically designed to identify adults. The professional will still have to gather detailed information about the patient's spouse or partner, as well as other close family members and parents. The specialist will also likely use adult checklists and rating scales. Adults suffering from ADHD may benefit from a treatment program for behavioral disorders and medications. Many people feel relieved to be able to recognize ADHD, as they now know that their difficulties aren't caused by laziness or poor intelligence.<br><br>Medication<br><br>The most commonly prescribed treatment for ADHD is methylphenidate (Ritalin). It works by increasing levels of a chemical in the brain known as noradrenaline which transmits messages between nerve cells and assists manage impulses. Stimulants can help children as well as adults focus and pay attention, as well as complete tasks. They are often prescribed as part of a behavior therapy program and school accommodations. Adults with ADHD experience less impulsivity and hyperactivity as they age, however they still struggle with inattention, disorganization, and completing tasks. If not treated, ADHD can cause issues in relationships and increase the risk of certain medical conditions such as bipolar disorder, depression or anxiety, and addiction to substances.<br><br>Since it's difficult to recognize ADHD in adulthood, some adults never receive treatment for their symptoms. Women are more likely to be affected by hyperactivity than inattention. This could cause their symptoms go unnoticed. They might also be hesitant to seek treatment because they were told when they were children that problems with concentration and attention are normal.<br><br>A health care professional who is skilled in the diagnosis of ADHD will examine the symptoms of a person and their family history before performing a physical exam. They'll then use the standard rating scales to record [https://securityholes.science/wiki/What_Is_Adult_Diagnosis_Of_ADHD_And_Why_Are_We_Talking_About_It how can i get an adhd diagnosis] the person's behavior compares to other adults and children of the same age. Bring any medical, psychological documents, school/work or other to your appointment. You can ask your doctor whether you are eligible to take part in any clinical trials currently being conducted to discover new ways to treat, prevent or detect diseases and disorders. This includes ADHD.<br><br>Children with ADHD who are pre-school age typically receive a treatment based on behavior. Behavioral therapy is often combined with cognitive-behavioral therapy or an anti-stimulant medication like atomoxetine. These medications don't cause the same issues with sleep or agitation that stimulants cause and have a lower rate of addiction and abuse. However, they aren't a substitute for an in-depth mental and physical health assessment and treatment by a trained health professional. It is essential to check with your insurance company regarding the coverage prior to seeing a mental health professional, and be sure to have a referral from a primary health care provider.<br><br>Treatment options<br><br>Some people suffering from ADHD have trouble with basic life skills such as paying attention, listening attentively and organizing. These are things others find easy. These issues can affect their school, work, and home life. They may seek treatment or a diagnosis when they become a problem. A diagnosis can bring relief since it clarifies the reasons why some people are more annoyed. It also helps to debunk the common misconception that people who has ADHD is incompetent, or isn't smart enough or does not want to take on.<br><br>A person will most likely be diagnosed by a medical professional like a pediatrician, psychiatrist, psychologist or clinical social worker with specialized training in ADHD evaluation and treatment. It is crucial to find a specialist who will assess each patient and collect a comprehensive history. Recommendations are offered by family doctors, therapists and trusted friends. Requesting credentials, such as the specialist’s academic and professional degrees, is also a great idea.<br><br>The first step in assessing for ADHD is to conduct a thorough medical history to determine whether other factors could be causing the symptoms. Certain medical conditions, such as thyroid disorders, low birthweight and seizure disorders can cause ADHD-like symptoms and signs. A person's mood, their stress level and past drug and alcohol use can also cause symptoms.<br><br>Children with the hyperactive/impulsive type of ADHD are often more noticeable than those with the inattentive type. They are active, fidgety and always in motion. They have trouble sitting still or waiting their turn at school, and they may lose their focus when reading or taking tests. Children with this form of the disorder are more apt to be expelled from class for behavioral problems.<br><br>In the case of diagnosing adults it is essential that the person's history includes a description of how the symptoms impact their daily functioning. In adults, hyperactivity tends reduce, while the tendency to be distracted and impulsive increases.<br><br>There are a variety of medications that can be used to treat adults with ADHD. Stimulants are drugs that target dopamine neurotransmitter, which is responsible for controlling movement and emotions. It also plays a part in motivation. Non-stimulant medications like bupropion (Wellbutrin), which targets dopamine and norepinephrine are also available.
What is a Diagnosis of ADHD?<br><br>For many children, the diagnosis of [http://www.hondacityclub.com/all_new/home.php?mod=space&uid=1693377 adhd getting diagnosed] is the first time they've had an explanation for their hyperactivity and inattention. For adults the diagnosis is usually the result of symptoms becoming severe enough to affect their job and home life.<br><br>Find a medical professional who has experience treating ADHD to make an accurate diagnosis. Request referrals from trusted therapists or friends or request recommendations from your health insurance.<br><br>Symptoms<br><br>Although you might have tried to solve the symptoms of ADHD by consuming a healthy diet, exercising or other methods, but with no success, an official diagnosis by a medical professional will give you the help you require. The recognition of a diagnosis can be a relief and comfort to know that it isn't a lack of intelligence or laziness hindering your progress towards getting to your goals. Your doctor may also offer you an action plan to improve your functioning.<br><br>Your GP can assist you in determining whether you or your child have symptoms of ADHD and then refer you to an expert for a thorough assessment. Take any ADHD questions or quizzes you can find online prior to making an appointment with an expert in healthcare. They serve as self-screening tools and will help you feel confident to ask for an evaluation by a professional. Bring a copy of all relevant records with you to your appointment. The doctor will review your medical and family history and talk to people who know your personality and behavior. This could include a teacher, coach or your spouse. The clinician will look for symptoms of inattentive ADHD, hyperactive/impulsive ADHD or combined ADHD.<br><br>The American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition Text Revision DSM-5 offers guidelines for clinical care for providers to diagnose ADHD. The symptoms must be present prior to the patient turning 12 and sufficiently severe to hinder their ability to function at work, school, or home. The symptoms must have been present for at least six months.<br><br>Inattentive ADHD is the most frequent manifestation that affects children who have trouble paying attention or sitting still. They often daydream or lose their focus when they are talking. Hyperactive/impulsive ADHD is more noticeable in younger children. They fidget, can't wait their turn, and possess lots of energy. They are often disruptive to others or act without thinking about the consequences. Combined ADHD is less common and combines aspects of inattentive ADHD and hyperactive/impulsive ADHD.<br><br>If your symptoms aren't severe, you can still get the help you require by taking medication or therapy. The use of medication can help reduce impulsivity and hyperactivity and improve concentration and help you achieve your goals at work, school or at home. There are also ways to improve your organization create structure, and develop good eating and sleeping habits. It is crucial to seek assistance as soon as you begin to notice signs of ADHD.<br><br>You can also check out our website for more details.<br><br>For individuals experiencing symptoms of ADHD an in-depth evaluation is essential to determine the reason. When evaluating a patient conducted by a trained mental health specialist will assess a range of aspects, including the patient's mood and medical history as well as any other issues that could be contributing to the disorder or obscuring the symptoms. A broad spectrum scale that measures social, emotional and mental problems may be administered. In addition, tests that measure motor skills and the ability to process information will be conducted.<br><br>A specialist in attention disorders, either a psychiatrist or a clinical psychologist is usually able to provide an accurate diagnosis of ADHD. The specialist will ask both the patient and their family members to describe the symptoms and complete an assessment of psychiatric disorders, look over medical records and complete adult rating scales.<br><br>The doctor will also look at the symptoms and observe how they affect a person's everyday life. He or she will note whether the symptoms occur in school, at work, during relationships, and at home. The doctor will also consider how long the symptoms have been present. It is important to note that ADHD is not a condition that can be diagnosed for the first time in adults, since the current guidelines for diagnosing adhd, [https://stairways.wiki/wiki/Five_Essential_Tools_Everyone_Who_Works_In_The_ADHD_UK_Diagnosis_Industry_Should_Be_Using Highly recommended Online site], only recognize the disorder if it was evident during the child years.<br><br>In children, the process of diagnosis involves obtaining information from multiple sources that include the child's teachers and caregivers. The professional will assess the child's behavior to those of other children his or his or her age, and could also use standard rating scales. The specialist will also look over the medical records of the child and conduct physical examination.<br><br>Adults may have a harder to diagnose [http://www.annunciogratis.net/author/bootwillow30 adhd diagnosis uk adults] because the DSM-5 is not designed specifically for adults. However, the doctor will still need to collect detailed information from the patient's partner or spouse and other close friends, as well as the person's parents. The doctor may also use [https://scientific-programs.science/wiki/20_Reasons_To_Believe_Adults_Diagnosed_With_ADHD_Cannot_Be_Forgotten adult adhd diagnosis scotland] checklists and rating scales. Adults with ADHD are able to benefit from medication and behavioral therapy. Many people feel relieved to be able to recognize ADHD since they now know that their problems aren't caused by laziness or low intelligence.<br><br>Medication<br><br>Methylphenidate is the most frequently prescribed medication for ADHD. It works by boosting the levels of noradrenaline in the brain, which helps to regulate impulses and send messages between nerve cells. The stimulants can help children and adults focus and pay attention, as well as follow through on tasks. Medication is often given as part of a behavior therapy program and school accommodations. For adults, the symptoms of impulsivity and hyperactivity decrease as they get older, but they still struggle with disorganization, inattention and completing work-related tasks. Many people who suffer from untreated ADHD have issues with their relationships, and are at a higher risk for certain medical conditions, like bipolar, depression or anxiety disorder, as well as substance abuse.<br><br>Some adults don't receive treatment due to it being difficult to recognize ADHD as an adult. Women may be more prone to hyperactivity rather than inattention, so their symptoms might go undetected. They might also be reluctant to seek diagnosis due to the fact that they were taught as kids that their problems with attention and concentration are normal.<br><br>A medical specialist who is specialized in the diagnosis of ADHD will evaluate the person's symptoms as well as their family history, and conduct physical examination. The health professional will use standardized ratings scales to compare the behavior of the individual with that of other children and adults with the same age. It is essential to bring medical, psychological or school/work records to your appointment. You may also ask your physician whether you're eligible for any clinical trials that are being conducted to find new methods to prevent, detect or treat disorders and diseases, including ADHD.<br><br>The use of behavioral therapy is typically advised for children in preschool who suffer from ADHD. Behavioral therapy is usually combined with cognitive-behavioral therapy or non-stimulant medications, like Atomoxetine. The drugs don't cause the same sleep issues or agitation as stimulants, and they are less likely to cause addiction and abuse. However, these are not a substitute for an extensive mental and physical health assessment and treatment by a qualified healthcare professional. It is important to inquire with your insurance provider about coverage prior to visiting a mental health professional and be sure to have a referral from a primary health care provider.<br><br>Treatment options<br><br>Many people who suffer from ADHD struggle with life skills like focusing and listening attentively, as well as organizing - skills that are easy for others. When these issues affect school, work and at home, they may need a diagnosis and treatment. A diagnosis can provide relief because it explains the reasons that some people are more frustrated. It also helps dispel common myths that a person with ADHD is lazy, or not intelligent enough or doesn't want to try.<br><br>A health professional with special training in ADHD evaluation and treatment is likely to diagnose a patient. This could be a psychiatrist or pediatrician. It is essential to select a doctor [https://www.metooo.com/u/6718727b0f17fb36f0cdc2cc who can diagnose add in adults] will take the time to examine every patient and take the complete history. Family doctors, therapists, and trusted friends can give recommendations. Requesting credentials, such as the specialist’s professional and academic degrees, is a great idea too.<br><br>In order to determine the presence of ADHD, it is important to examine the medical history of the patient in order to determine if there are other factors that could be contributing to the symptoms. For instance, certain medical conditions such as low birth weight or thyroid disorders as well as seizure disorders can cause ADHD-like symptoms. A person's mood, stress levels as well as previous alcohol and drug use can also cause symptoms.<br><br>Children with the hyperactive/impulsive type of ADHD are often more noticeable than those with the inattentive type. They are full of energy, are fidgety and constantly moving. They have trouble sitting still or waiting their turn in school, and they may lose focus when reading or taking tests. This kind of disorder is more likely to result in a child being suspended from school due to behavior issues.<br><br>When diagnosing adults it is important to include a description of the symptoms and how they affect the person's everyday functioning. In adults, hyperactivity tends decrease but inattention and impulsivity rise.<br><br>There are a variety of medications available to treat adult ADHD. Stimulants are drugs that target the dopamine neurotransmitter which is responsible for controlling emotion and movement. It also plays a role in motivation. There are also medications that are not stimulant like bupropion, which targets dopamine and norepinephrine.

Revision as of 07:37, 10 January 2025

What is a Diagnosis of ADHD?

For many children, the diagnosis of adhd getting diagnosed is the first time they've had an explanation for their hyperactivity and inattention. For adults the diagnosis is usually the result of symptoms becoming severe enough to affect their job and home life.

Find a medical professional who has experience treating ADHD to make an accurate diagnosis. Request referrals from trusted therapists or friends or request recommendations from your health insurance.

Symptoms

Although you might have tried to solve the symptoms of ADHD by consuming a healthy diet, exercising or other methods, but with no success, an official diagnosis by a medical professional will give you the help you require. The recognition of a diagnosis can be a relief and comfort to know that it isn't a lack of intelligence or laziness hindering your progress towards getting to your goals. Your doctor may also offer you an action plan to improve your functioning.

Your GP can assist you in determining whether you or your child have symptoms of ADHD and then refer you to an expert for a thorough assessment. Take any ADHD questions or quizzes you can find online prior to making an appointment with an expert in healthcare. They serve as self-screening tools and will help you feel confident to ask for an evaluation by a professional. Bring a copy of all relevant records with you to your appointment. The doctor will review your medical and family history and talk to people who know your personality and behavior. This could include a teacher, coach or your spouse. The clinician will look for symptoms of inattentive ADHD, hyperactive/impulsive ADHD or combined ADHD.

The American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition Text Revision DSM-5 offers guidelines for clinical care for providers to diagnose ADHD. The symptoms must be present prior to the patient turning 12 and sufficiently severe to hinder their ability to function at work, school, or home. The symptoms must have been present for at least six months.

Inattentive ADHD is the most frequent manifestation that affects children who have trouble paying attention or sitting still. They often daydream or lose their focus when they are talking. Hyperactive/impulsive ADHD is more noticeable in younger children. They fidget, can't wait their turn, and possess lots of energy. They are often disruptive to others or act without thinking about the consequences. Combined ADHD is less common and combines aspects of inattentive ADHD and hyperactive/impulsive ADHD.

If your symptoms aren't severe, you can still get the help you require by taking medication or therapy. The use of medication can help reduce impulsivity and hyperactivity and improve concentration and help you achieve your goals at work, school or at home. There are also ways to improve your organization create structure, and develop good eating and sleeping habits. It is crucial to seek assistance as soon as you begin to notice signs of ADHD.

You can also check out our website for more details.

For individuals experiencing symptoms of ADHD an in-depth evaluation is essential to determine the reason. When evaluating a patient conducted by a trained mental health specialist will assess a range of aspects, including the patient's mood and medical history as well as any other issues that could be contributing to the disorder or obscuring the symptoms. A broad spectrum scale that measures social, emotional and mental problems may be administered. In addition, tests that measure motor skills and the ability to process information will be conducted.

A specialist in attention disorders, either a psychiatrist or a clinical psychologist is usually able to provide an accurate diagnosis of ADHD. The specialist will ask both the patient and their family members to describe the symptoms and complete an assessment of psychiatric disorders, look over medical records and complete adult rating scales.

The doctor will also look at the symptoms and observe how they affect a person's everyday life. He or she will note whether the symptoms occur in school, at work, during relationships, and at home. The doctor will also consider how long the symptoms have been present. It is important to note that ADHD is not a condition that can be diagnosed for the first time in adults, since the current guidelines for diagnosing adhd, Highly recommended Online site, only recognize the disorder if it was evident during the child years.

In children, the process of diagnosis involves obtaining information from multiple sources that include the child's teachers and caregivers. The professional will assess the child's behavior to those of other children his or his or her age, and could also use standard rating scales. The specialist will also look over the medical records of the child and conduct physical examination.

Adults may have a harder to diagnose adhd diagnosis uk adults because the DSM-5 is not designed specifically for adults. However, the doctor will still need to collect detailed information from the patient's partner or spouse and other close friends, as well as the person's parents. The doctor may also use adult adhd diagnosis scotland checklists and rating scales. Adults with ADHD are able to benefit from medication and behavioral therapy. Many people feel relieved to be able to recognize ADHD since they now know that their problems aren't caused by laziness or low intelligence.

Medication

Methylphenidate is the most frequently prescribed medication for ADHD. It works by boosting the levels of noradrenaline in the brain, which helps to regulate impulses and send messages between nerve cells. The stimulants can help children and adults focus and pay attention, as well as follow through on tasks. Medication is often given as part of a behavior therapy program and school accommodations. For adults, the symptoms of impulsivity and hyperactivity decrease as they get older, but they still struggle with disorganization, inattention and completing work-related tasks. Many people who suffer from untreated ADHD have issues with their relationships, and are at a higher risk for certain medical conditions, like bipolar, depression or anxiety disorder, as well as substance abuse.

Some adults don't receive treatment due to it being difficult to recognize ADHD as an adult. Women may be more prone to hyperactivity rather than inattention, so their symptoms might go undetected. They might also be reluctant to seek diagnosis due to the fact that they were taught as kids that their problems with attention and concentration are normal.

A medical specialist who is specialized in the diagnosis of ADHD will evaluate the person's symptoms as well as their family history, and conduct physical examination. The health professional will use standardized ratings scales to compare the behavior of the individual with that of other children and adults with the same age. It is essential to bring medical, psychological or school/work records to your appointment. You may also ask your physician whether you're eligible for any clinical trials that are being conducted to find new methods to prevent, detect or treat disorders and diseases, including ADHD.

The use of behavioral therapy is typically advised for children in preschool who suffer from ADHD. Behavioral therapy is usually combined with cognitive-behavioral therapy or non-stimulant medications, like Atomoxetine. The drugs don't cause the same sleep issues or agitation as stimulants, and they are less likely to cause addiction and abuse. However, these are not a substitute for an extensive mental and physical health assessment and treatment by a qualified healthcare professional. It is important to inquire with your insurance provider about coverage prior to visiting a mental health professional and be sure to have a referral from a primary health care provider.

Treatment options

Many people who suffer from ADHD struggle with life skills like focusing and listening attentively, as well as organizing - skills that are easy for others. When these issues affect school, work and at home, they may need a diagnosis and treatment. A diagnosis can provide relief because it explains the reasons that some people are more frustrated. It also helps dispel common myths that a person with ADHD is lazy, or not intelligent enough or doesn't want to try.

A health professional with special training in ADHD evaluation and treatment is likely to diagnose a patient. This could be a psychiatrist or pediatrician. It is essential to select a doctor who can diagnose add in adults will take the time to examine every patient and take the complete history. Family doctors, therapists, and trusted friends can give recommendations. Requesting credentials, such as the specialist’s professional and academic degrees, is a great idea too.

In order to determine the presence of ADHD, it is important to examine the medical history of the patient in order to determine if there are other factors that could be contributing to the symptoms. For instance, certain medical conditions such as low birth weight or thyroid disorders as well as seizure disorders can cause ADHD-like symptoms. A person's mood, stress levels as well as previous alcohol and drug use can also cause symptoms.

Children with the hyperactive/impulsive type of ADHD are often more noticeable than those with the inattentive type. They are full of energy, are fidgety and constantly moving. They have trouble sitting still or waiting their turn in school, and they may lose focus when reading or taking tests. This kind of disorder is more likely to result in a child being suspended from school due to behavior issues.

When diagnosing adults it is important to include a description of the symptoms and how they affect the person's everyday functioning. In adults, hyperactivity tends decrease but inattention and impulsivity rise.

There are a variety of medications available to treat adult ADHD. Stimulants are drugs that target the dopamine neurotransmitter which is responsible for controlling emotion and movement. It also plays a role in motivation. There are also medications that are not stimulant like bupropion, which targets dopamine and norepinephrine.