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What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the relationship between language, context and meaning. It poses questions such as What do people really think when they use words?<br><br>It's a way of thinking that focuses on practical and reasonable actions. It's in opposition to idealism, the belief that you must abide to your beliefs.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics focuses on the way that language users communicate and interact with each and with each other. It is often seen as a part or language, however it differs from semantics because pragmatics is focused on what the user is trying to communicate, not what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a research area the field of pragmatics is relatively new, and its research has grown rapidly in the last few decades. It is primarily an academic area of study within linguistics, however it also influences research in other fields, such as psychology, speech-language pathology, sociolinguistics, and anthropology.<br><br>There are many different perspectives on pragmatics that have contributed to its development and growth. One example is the Gricean approach to pragmatics, that focuses on the concept of intention and how it affects the speaker's knowledge of the listener's understanding. Conceptual and lexical strategies for pragmatics are likewise perspectives on the subject. These views have contributed to the variety of topics that pragmatics researchers have studied.<br><br>The study of pragmatics has focused on a variety of subjects, including L2 pragmatic comprehension as well as request production by EFL learners and the role of the theory of mind in both mental and physical metaphors. It can also be applied to cultural and social phenomena, like political discourse, discriminatory language, and interpersonal communication. Researchers in pragmatics have used a wide range of methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>Figure 9A-C shows that the size of the knowledge base for pragmatics differs depending on the database utilized. The US and UK are two of the top performers in research on pragmatics. However, their position varies depending on the database. This is due to the fact that pragmatics is an interconnected field that is inextricably linked with other disciplines.<br><br>It is therefore difficult to determine the best pragmatics authors solely based on the number of publications they have published. It is possible to identify influential authors based on their contributions to pragmatics. For example, Bambini's contribution to pragmatics is a pioneering concept like conversational implicature and politeness theory. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also highly influential authors of the field of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics concentrates on the contexts and users of language use instead of focusing on reference grammar, truth, or. It focuses on how a single utterance may be understood differently in different contexts. This includes ambiguity and indexicality. It also focuses on the methods that listeners employ to determine which phrases are intended to be communicative. It is closely connected to the theory of conversative implicature which was developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>While the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is a well-known, long-established one There is a lot of debate about the precise boundaries of these disciplines. For example philosophers have suggested that the concept of sentence meaning is an aspect of semantics, while others have argued that this type of thing should be considered as a pragmatic issue.<br><br>Another issue that has been a source of contention is whether the study of pragmatics should be considered to be a linguistics branch or a part of the philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued that pragmatics is a subject in its distinct from the other disciplines and should be considered an independent part of the field of linguistics, alongside syntax, phonology, semantics and  [https://maps.google.com.tr/url?q=https://blogfreely.net/yakcarol8/7-tricks-to-help-make-the-profits-of-your-pragmatic 프라그마틱 무료체험] so on. Others, however, have claimed that the study of pragmatics should be considered part of the philosophy of language because it deals with the ways that our concepts of the meaning and use of language affect our theories about how languages function.<br><br>The debate has been fuelled by a few key issues that are fundamental to the study of pragmatism. Some scholars have suggested for  [https://jisuzm.tv/home.php?mod=space&uid=5392992 프라그마틱 무료체험 슬롯버프] instance that pragmatics isn't an academic discipline by itself because it examines how people interpret and use the language without necessarily referring back to facts about what actually was said. This sort of approach is known as far-side pragmatics. Other scholars, however, have argued that the study is a discipline in its own right since it examines the manner in which the meaning and usage of language is affected by cultural and social factors. This is known as near-side pragmatics.<br><br>The field of pragmatics also discusses the inferential nature of utterances as well as the significance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker means in the sentence. These are issues that are discussed a bit more extensively in the papers by Recanati and Bach. Both papers address the notions of saturation as well as free pragmatic enrichment, which are important pragmatic processes in that they help to shape the meaning of an expression.<br><br>What is the difference between free and explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is the way in which context influences the meaning of language. It studies the way that humans use language in social interaction as well as the relationship between speaker and interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists that focus in pragmatics.<br><br>Over the years, many different theories of pragmatism have been proposed. Some, like Gricean pragmatics focus on the intention of communication of a speaker. Others, such as Relevance Theory, focus on the understanding processes that occur during the interpretation of words by hearers. Certain approaches to pragmatics have been merged with other disciplines, such as philosophy and cognitive science.<br><br>There are also a variety of opinions on the boundary between semantics and pragmatics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that semantics and pragmatism are two distinct topics. He argues that semantics is concerned with the relationship between signs and objects they could or might not denote whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in the context.<br><br>Other philosophers, such as Bach and Harnish have argued that pragmatism is a subfield of semantics. They differentiate between 'near-side and 'far-side' pragmatism. Near-side pragmatics concerns what is said, whereas far-side focuses on the logic implications of uttering a phrase. They claim that some of the 'pragmatics' that accompany an utterance is already determined by semantics while other 'pragmatics' is determined by the pragmatic processes of inference.<br><br>The context is among the most important aspects of pragmatics. This means that a single utterance may have different meanings depending on the context, such as indexicality or ambiguity. Discourse structure, beliefs of the speaker and intentions, and expectations of the listener can alter the meaning of a phrase.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is its cultural specificity. This is because different cultures have different rules for what is appropriate to say in various situations. In some cultures, it's acceptable to make eye contact. In other cultures, it's rude.<br><br>There are many different views of pragmatics, and a lot of research is conducted in the field. Some of the main areas of research are computational and formal pragmatics theoretic and experimental pragmatics; cross-cultural and intercultural pragmatics; as well as pragmatics in the clinical and experimental sense.<br><br>How does Free Pragmatics compare to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The linguistic discipline of pragmatics is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed through language use in context. It analyzes the ways in which the speaker's intention and beliefs contribute to interpretation, focusing less on the grammatical aspects of the speech rather than what is said. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are known as pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics has a link to other areas of study of linguistics like syntax and semantics, or the philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent times the field of pragmatics has expanded in many directions. These include computational linguistics as well as conversational pragmatics. These areas are distinguished by a wide variety of research that addresses topics such as lexical features and the interplay between discourse, language and meaning.<br><br>In the philosophical debate on pragmatism one of the most important questions is whether it's possible to give a rigorous and systematic explanation of the relationship between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers have suggested it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is ill-defined and  [https://www.scdmtj.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=2256934 프라그마틱 정품] that semantics and [http://www.viewtool.com/bbs/home.php?mod=space&uid=6564307 무료 프라그마틱] 정품, [https://images.google.com.my/url?q=https://wikimapia.org/external_link?url=https://gylling-zimmerman.blogbright.net/10-things-everybody-hates-about-pragmatic-official-website https://images.google.com.my/url?q=https://wikimapia.org/External_link?url=https://gylling-zimmerman.blogbright.net/10-things-everybody-hates-about-pragmatic-official-website], pragmatics are really the same thing.<br><br>The debate between these two positions is usually a tussle, with scholars arguing that particular events are a part of either pragmatics or semantics. Some scholars say that if a statement is interpreted with an actual truth conditional meaning, it is semantics. Others argue that the fact that a statement could be interpreted in different ways is pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have taken an alternative approach. They argue that the truth-conditional interpretation of a sentence is just one of the many possible interpretations, and that all interpretations are valid. This is commonly referred to as far-side pragmatics.<br><br>Recent research in pragmatics has attempted to integrate semantic and far side approaches. It attempts to capture the entire range of interpretive possibilities for a speaker's utterance, by modeling how the speaker's beliefs as well as intentions contribute to the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. The 2019 version combines a Gricean model of the Rational Speech Act framework, and technological advances developed by Franke and Bergen. This model predicts that the listeners will consider a range of possible exhaustified parses of a utterance that contains the universal FCI any and this is what makes the exclusiveness implicature so strong when in comparison to other possible implicatures.
What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the relationship between language, context and meaning. It deals with questions such as what do people mean by the words they use?<br><br>It's a philosophy that focuses on practical and reasonable actions. It differs from idealism, which is the belief that one should stick to their beliefs no matter what.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics focuses on how language users interact and communicate with one and with each other. It is often viewed as a part or language, however it differs from semantics since it focuses on what the user wants to convey, not on what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a research area, pragmatics is relatively new and research in the area has been growing rapidly over the last few decades. It is a linguistics academic field however, it has also influenced research in other areas such as psychology, sociolinguistics, and anthropology.<br><br>There are a myriad of ways to approach pragmatics that have contributed to the development and growth of this field. One example is the Gricean approach to pragmatics which is focused on the concept of intention and how it affects the speaker's knowledge of the listener's understanding. The lexical and concept perspectives on pragmatics are also views on the topic. These perspectives have contributed to the wide range of topics that researchers in pragmatics have researched.<br><br>The study of pragmatics has covered a wide range topics, such as L2 pragmatic comprehension and request production by EFL students, and the importance of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It has been applied to social and cultural phenomena such as political discourse, discriminatory speech, and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers have also employed a variety of methodologies that range from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>Figure 9A-C illustrates that the size of the knowledge base for pragmatics differs according to the database utilized. The US and the UK are among the top contributors to pragmatics research, but their rankings differ by database. This is due to the fact that pragmatics is an interconnected field that is inextricably linked with other disciplines.<br><br>It is therefore hard to classify the best pragmatics authors solely based on the number of their publications. It is possible to identify influential authors based on their contributions to pragmatics. For example, Bambini's contribution to pragmatics includes pioneering concepts such as conversational implicature, and politeness theory. Other highly influential authors in the field of pragmatics are Grice, Saul and Kasper.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and the users of language as opposed to the study of truth, reference, or grammar. It examines the ways that an phrase can be interpreted as meaning different things from different contexts as well as those triggered by indexicality or ambiguity. It also focuses primarily on the strategies used by listeners to determine whether phrases have a message. It is closely related to the theory of conversational implicature which was developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines are a subject of debate. While the distinction is well-known, it is not always clear where the lines should be drawn. Some philosophers believe that the notion of meaning of sentences is a component of semantics, whereas other insist that this particular issue should be viewed as pragmatic.<br><br>Another area of debate is whether the study of pragmatics should be regarded as a branch of linguistics or as a component of philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued pragmatics is an autonomous discipline and should be treated as part of linguistics along with the study of phonology. Syntax, semantics, etc. Others, however, have suggested that the study of pragmatics should be considered part of the philosophy of language because it deals with the ways in which our concepts of the meaning and use of language affect our theories about how languages work.<br><br>There are several key aspects of the study of pragmatics that have fueled much of this debate. For instance, some researchers have argued that pragmatics is not a subject in its own right because it examines the ways people interpret and use language without being able to provide any information about what actually gets said. This sort of approach is referred to as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that the subject should be considered a discipline in its own right because it examines the way in which the meaning and usage of language is dependent on cultural and social factors. This is known as near-side pragmatism.<br><br>The field of pragmatics also focuses on the inferential nature of utterances as well as the significance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker is saying in a sentence. Recanati and Bach examine these issues in greater in depth. Both papers address the notions of saturation and free enrichment of the pragmatic. These are significant pragmatic processes that help shape the overall meaning an utterance.<br><br>What is the difference between free and explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the role that context plays to the meaning of language. It examines the way human language is used during social interaction as well as the relationship between speaker and interpreter. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians.<br><br>Over the years, many theories of pragmatism have been proposed. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communication intent of speakers. Others, such as Relevance Theory, focus on the processes of understanding that occur during the interpretation of utterances by hearers. Some pragmatic approaches have been combined with other disciplines such as philosophy or  [https://listingbookmarks.com/story18375756/what-are-the-biggest-myths-about-pragmatic-free-slots-could-actually-be-true 프라그마틱] cognitive science.<br><br>There are also a variety of views regarding the boundary between pragmatics and semantics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that pragmatics and  [https://wavesocialmedia.com/story3805525/you-ll-never-guess-this-pragmatic-recommendations-s-tricks 프라그마틱 카지노] 정품 ([https://directmysocial.com/story2875150/a-how-to-guide-for-pragmatic-slot-buff-from-start-to-finish mouse click the next document]) semantics are two different topics. He claims semantics is concerned with the relationship of signs to objects they may or may not refer to, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in the context.<br><br>Other philosophers, including Bach and Harnish, have argued that pragmatics is a subfield of semantics. They distinguish between 'nearside' and  [https://bookmarkport.com/story20384935/pragmatic-demo-tips-to-relax-your-daily-life-pragmatic-demo-trick-that-every-person-must-be-able-to 프라그마틱 슬롯 환수율] 정품 사이트 ([https://socialevity.com/story20049986/10-misconceptions-your-boss-holds-regarding-pragmatic-play Socialevity.Com]) 'far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concerns what is said while far-side is focused on the logical implications of saying something. They claim that semantics already determines some of the pragmatics of an expression, whereas other pragmatics is determined by pragmatic processes.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is contextually dependent. This means that a single utterance may have different meanings depending on factors like ambiguity or indexicality. The structure of the conversation, the beliefs of the speaker and intentions, as well expectations of the audience can also alter the meaning of a word.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culturally specific. This is because each culture has its own rules regarding what is acceptable in various situations. For example, it is polite in some cultures to keep eye contact but it is considered rude in other cultures.<br><br>There are a variety of views of pragmatics, and a lot of research is being conducted in the field. There are a variety of areas of study, including pragmatics that are computational and formal theoretic and experimental pragmatics, cross and intercultural pragmatics of language, as well as pragmatics in the clinical and experimental sense.<br><br>What is the relationship between Free Pragmatics and to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The linguistic discipline of pragmatics is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed through the use of language in context. It focuses less on the grammatical structure of the utterance and more on what the speaker is saying. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are known as pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics is related to other areas of linguistics such as semantics, syntax and philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent times, the field of pragmatics developed in many different directions. This includes computational linguistics as well as conversational pragmatics. These areas are distinguished by a variety of research, which focuses on issues like lexical characteristics and the interplay between language, discourse, and meaning.<br><br>One of the major issues in the philosophical debate of pragmatics is whether or not it is possible to have a rigorous, systematic account of the pragmatics/semantics interface. Some philosophers have argued that it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have claimed that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is unclear and that pragmatics and semantics are really the same thing.<br><br>It is not unusual for scholars to go between these two positions and argue that certain phenomena fall under either semantics or pragmatics. For example some scholars believe that if a statement has a literal truth-conditional meaning then it is semantics, while other argue that the fact that a statement may be interpreted in various ways is pragmatics.<br><br>Other researchers in the field of pragmatics have taken a different stance in arguing that the truth-conditional meaning a utterance has is only one of many ways that the expression can be understood, and that all of these interpretations are valid. This method is often referred to as far-side pragmatics.<br><br>Recent research in pragmatics has sought to combine semantic and [https://ariabookmarks.com/story3908288/this-week-s-most-popular-stories-about-pragmatic-korea-pragmatic-korea 프라그마틱 정품 확인법] far side approaches. It attempts to capture the full range of interpretational possibilities for a speaker's utterance by illustrating how the speaker's beliefs as well as intentions contribute to the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. The 2019 version incorporates an inverse Gricean model of Rational Speech Act framework, with technical innovations developed by Franke and Bergen. This model predicts that the listeners will be able to consider a variety of possible exhaustified interpretations of a speech that contains the universal FCI any which is what makes the exclusiveness implicature so robust as compared to other plausible implicatures.

Revision as of 11:10, 12 January 2025

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of the relationship between language, context and meaning. It deals with questions such as what do people mean by the words they use?

It's a philosophy that focuses on practical and reasonable actions. It differs from idealism, which is the belief that one should stick to their beliefs no matter what.

What is Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics focuses on how language users interact and communicate with one and with each other. It is often viewed as a part or language, however it differs from semantics since it focuses on what the user wants to convey, not on what the actual meaning is.

As a research area, pragmatics is relatively new and research in the area has been growing rapidly over the last few decades. It is a linguistics academic field however, it has also influenced research in other areas such as psychology, sociolinguistics, and anthropology.

There are a myriad of ways to approach pragmatics that have contributed to the development and growth of this field. One example is the Gricean approach to pragmatics which is focused on the concept of intention and how it affects the speaker's knowledge of the listener's understanding. The lexical and concept perspectives on pragmatics are also views on the topic. These perspectives have contributed to the wide range of topics that researchers in pragmatics have researched.

The study of pragmatics has covered a wide range topics, such as L2 pragmatic comprehension and request production by EFL students, and the importance of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It has been applied to social and cultural phenomena such as political discourse, discriminatory speech, and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers have also employed a variety of methodologies that range from experimental to sociocultural.

Figure 9A-C illustrates that the size of the knowledge base for pragmatics differs according to the database utilized. The US and the UK are among the top contributors to pragmatics research, but their rankings differ by database. This is due to the fact that pragmatics is an interconnected field that is inextricably linked with other disciplines.

It is therefore hard to classify the best pragmatics authors solely based on the number of their publications. It is possible to identify influential authors based on their contributions to pragmatics. For example, Bambini's contribution to pragmatics includes pioneering concepts such as conversational implicature, and politeness theory. Other highly influential authors in the field of pragmatics are Grice, Saul and Kasper.

What is Free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and the users of language as opposed to the study of truth, reference, or grammar. It examines the ways that an phrase can be interpreted as meaning different things from different contexts as well as those triggered by indexicality or ambiguity. It also focuses primarily on the strategies used by listeners to determine whether phrases have a message. It is closely related to the theory of conversational implicature which was developed by Paul Grice.

The boundaries between these two disciplines are a subject of debate. While the distinction is well-known, it is not always clear where the lines should be drawn. Some philosophers believe that the notion of meaning of sentences is a component of semantics, whereas other insist that this particular issue should be viewed as pragmatic.

Another area of debate is whether the study of pragmatics should be regarded as a branch of linguistics or as a component of philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued pragmatics is an autonomous discipline and should be treated as part of linguistics along with the study of phonology. Syntax, semantics, etc. Others, however, have suggested that the study of pragmatics should be considered part of the philosophy of language because it deals with the ways in which our concepts of the meaning and use of language affect our theories about how languages work.

There are several key aspects of the study of pragmatics that have fueled much of this debate. For instance, some researchers have argued that pragmatics is not a subject in its own right because it examines the ways people interpret and use language without being able to provide any information about what actually gets said. This sort of approach is referred to as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that the subject should be considered a discipline in its own right because it examines the way in which the meaning and usage of language is dependent on cultural and social factors. This is known as near-side pragmatism.

The field of pragmatics also focuses on the inferential nature of utterances as well as the significance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker is saying in a sentence. Recanati and Bach examine these issues in greater in depth. Both papers address the notions of saturation and free enrichment of the pragmatic. These are significant pragmatic processes that help shape the overall meaning an utterance.

What is the difference between free and explanatory Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of the role that context plays to the meaning of language. It examines the way human language is used during social interaction as well as the relationship between speaker and interpreter. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians.

Over the years, many theories of pragmatism have been proposed. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communication intent of speakers. Others, such as Relevance Theory, focus on the processes of understanding that occur during the interpretation of utterances by hearers. Some pragmatic approaches have been combined with other disciplines such as philosophy or 프라그마틱 cognitive science.

There are also a variety of views regarding the boundary between pragmatics and semantics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that pragmatics and 프라그마틱 카지노 정품 (mouse click the next document) semantics are two different topics. He claims semantics is concerned with the relationship of signs to objects they may or may not refer to, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in the context.

Other philosophers, including Bach and Harnish, have argued that pragmatics is a subfield of semantics. They distinguish between 'nearside' and 프라그마틱 슬롯 환수율 정품 사이트 (Socialevity.Com) 'far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concerns what is said while far-side is focused on the logical implications of saying something. They claim that semantics already determines some of the pragmatics of an expression, whereas other pragmatics is determined by pragmatic processes.

One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is contextually dependent. This means that a single utterance may have different meanings depending on factors like ambiguity or indexicality. The structure of the conversation, the beliefs of the speaker and intentions, as well expectations of the audience can also alter the meaning of a word.

Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culturally specific. This is because each culture has its own rules regarding what is acceptable in various situations. For example, it is polite in some cultures to keep eye contact but it is considered rude in other cultures.

There are a variety of views of pragmatics, and a lot of research is being conducted in the field. There are a variety of areas of study, including pragmatics that are computational and formal theoretic and experimental pragmatics, cross and intercultural pragmatics of language, as well as pragmatics in the clinical and experimental sense.

What is the relationship between Free Pragmatics and to Explanatory Pragmatics?

The linguistic discipline of pragmatics is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed through the use of language in context. It focuses less on the grammatical structure of the utterance and more on what the speaker is saying. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are known as pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics is related to other areas of linguistics such as semantics, syntax and philosophy of language.

In recent times, the field of pragmatics developed in many different directions. This includes computational linguistics as well as conversational pragmatics. These areas are distinguished by a variety of research, which focuses on issues like lexical characteristics and the interplay between language, discourse, and meaning.

One of the major issues in the philosophical debate of pragmatics is whether or not it is possible to have a rigorous, systematic account of the pragmatics/semantics interface. Some philosophers have argued that it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have claimed that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is unclear and that pragmatics and semantics are really the same thing.

It is not unusual for scholars to go between these two positions and argue that certain phenomena fall under either semantics or pragmatics. For example some scholars believe that if a statement has a literal truth-conditional meaning then it is semantics, while other argue that the fact that a statement may be interpreted in various ways is pragmatics.

Other researchers in the field of pragmatics have taken a different stance in arguing that the truth-conditional meaning a utterance has is only one of many ways that the expression can be understood, and that all of these interpretations are valid. This method is often referred to as far-side pragmatics.

Recent research in pragmatics has sought to combine semantic and 프라그마틱 정품 확인법 far side approaches. It attempts to capture the full range of interpretational possibilities for a speaker's utterance by illustrating how the speaker's beliefs as well as intentions contribute to the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. The 2019 version incorporates an inverse Gricean model of Rational Speech Act framework, with technical innovations developed by Franke and Bergen. This model predicts that the listeners will be able to consider a variety of possible exhaustified interpretations of a speech that contains the universal FCI any which is what makes the exclusiveness implicature so robust as compared to other plausible implicatures.