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What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics examines the relationship between context and language. It poses questions such as What do people really think when they use words?<br><br>It's a philosophy that is based on practical and [https://www.question-ksa.com/user/jumbonoise09 프라그마틱 공식홈페이지] reasonable action. It is in contrast to idealism, which is the belief that one should stick to their beliefs regardless of what.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is how people who speak a language interact and communicate with each other. It is often viewed as a part or language, however it differs from semantics since it focuses on what the user wants to convey, not what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a research field the field of pragmatics is relatively new, and its research has grown rapidly in the last few decades. It has been primarily an academic field of study within linguistics, but it also has an impact on research in other fields like speech-language pathology, psychology sociolinguistics and the study of anthropology.<br><br>There are a myriad of ways to approach pragmatics that have contributed to the growth and development of this discipline. One example is the Gricean approach to pragmatics, which focuses on the notion of intention and how it relates to the speaker's understanding of the listener's. Other perspectives on pragmatics include the lexical and conceptual approaches to pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the wide range of subjects that pragmatics researchers have researched.<br><br>The study of pragmatics has covered a broad range topics, such as pragmatic understanding in L2 and request production by EFL students, and the significance of the theory of mind in physical and mental metaphors. It can also be applied to various social and cultural phenomena, including political discourse, discriminatory language, and interpersonal communication. Researchers in pragmatics have used various methods from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>Figure 9A-C shows that the size of the knowledge base on pragmatics is different depending on the database utilized. The US and the UK are among the top producers of pragmatics research, but their positions differ based on the database. This is due to pragmatics being an interconnected field that connects other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to rank the top authors in pragmatics based on the number of publications they have. It is possible to identify influential authors by looking at their contributions to the field of pragmatics. For instance Bambini's contribution in pragmatics has led to concepts such as conversational implicature and politeness theory. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also influential authors of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics concentrates on the users and contexts of language use instead of focusing on reference to truth, grammar, or. It examines the ways in which an expression can be interpreted as meaning various things depending on the context, including those caused by ambiguity or indexicality. It also focuses on strategies that listeners employ to determine if utterances are intended to be a communication. It is closely linked to the theory of conversative implicature which was pioneered by Paul Grice.<br><br>While the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is a well-known, long-established one, there is much debate regarding the exact boundaries of these disciplines. For instance, some philosophers have argued that the concept of sentence meaning is an aspect of semantics, while others have claimed that this sort of thing should be viewed as a pragmatic problem.<br><br>Another debate is whether pragmatics is a branch of philosophy of languages or a part of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is a discipline in its distinct from the other disciplines and should be treated as distinct from the field of linguistics along with syntax, phonology, semantics, etc. Others have claimed that the study of pragmatics is an aspect of philosophy of language since it focuses on the ways that our concepts of the meaning and uses of language influence our theories about how languages work.<br><br>There are several key aspects of the study of pragmatics that have fueled the debate. For instance, some researchers have claimed that pragmatics isn't an academic discipline in and  [http://twizax.org/Question2Answer/index.php?qa=user&qa_1=timegender5 프라그마틱 게임] of itself since it examines the ways people interpret and use language, without being able to provide any information about what is actually being said. This type of approach is referred to as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars, however have argued that this study ought to be considered an independent discipline because it studies the ways that cultural and social influences influence the meaning and  [https://www.google.ci/url?q=https://writeablog.net/harpcart3/11-faux-pas-that-actually-are-okay-to-make-with-your-pragmatic-site 프라그마틱 슬롯 사이트] usage of language. This is known as near-side pragmatics.<br><br>The field of pragmatics also focuses on the inferential nature of utterances and the importance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining the meaning of what a speaker is expressing in the sentence. Recanati and Bach examine these issues in greater depth. Both of these papers discuss the notions of saturation and free pragmatic enrichment, which are crucial pragmatic processes in the sense that they help to shape the meaning of an expression.<br><br>What is the difference between free and explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is how the context affects the meaning of linguistics. It evaluates how human language is utilized in social interactions, and the relationship between the interpreter and the speaker. Pragmaticians are linguists who specialize in pragmatics.<br><br>Different theories of pragmatics have been developed over the years. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, focus on the intention of communication of a speaker. Relevance Theory, for example, focuses on the processes of understanding that take place when listeners interpret the meaning of utterances. Some pragmatic approaches have been incorporated with other disciplines like cognitive science or philosophy.<br><br>There are also a variety of views regarding the boundary between semantics and pragmatics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that pragmatics and semantics are two different topics. He states that semantics is concerned with the relation of signs to objects that they could or not denote, while pragmatics is concerned with the use of the words in context.<br><br>Other philosophers such as Bach and Harnish have argued that pragmatism is a subfield within semantics. They distinguish between 'near-side and  [http://bbs.xinhaolian.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=4666201 프라그마틱 게임] 무료체험 슬롯버프 ([http://www.donggoudi.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=1311947 Www.Donggoudi.Com]) far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics focuses on the words spoken, whereas far-side pragmatics concentrates on the logical implications of saying something. They believe that some of the 'pragmatics' of an expression are already determined by semantics, while the rest is determined by pragmatic processes of inference.<br><br>The context is one of the most important aspects in pragmatics. This means that a single word may have different meanings depending on factors like ambiguity or indexicality. The structure of the conversation, the beliefs of the speaker and intentions, and expectations of the audience can also alter the meaning of a phrase.<br><br>A second aspect of pragmatics is its particularity to the culture. It is because each culture has its own rules regarding what is acceptable in various situations. In certain cultures, it's polite to keep eye contact. In other cultures, it's rude.<br><br>There are numerous perspectives on pragmatics and much research is being conducted in this area. There are a myriad of areas of research, such as formal and computational pragmatics, theoretical and experimental pragmatics, intercultural and cross pragmatics of language, as well as clinical and experimentative pragmatics.<br><br>How is free Pragmatics similar to explanation Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics in linguistics is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed through the use of language in a context. It focuses less on the grammatical structure of the utterance and more on what the speaker is saying. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are known as pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics is closely related to other areas of linguistics, such as syntax, semantics and the philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years, the field of pragmatics expanded in many directions. This includes computational linguistics and conversational pragmatics. There is a broad range of research conducted in these areas, addressing topics such as the significance of lexical elements as well as the interaction between language and discourse, and the nature of meaning itself.<br><br>One of the main questions in the philosophical discussion of pragmatics is whether or not it is possible to have a rigorous, systematic account of the pragmatics/semantics interface. Some philosophers have argued that it's not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is not well-defined and that they're the same thing.<br><br>It is not unusual for scholars to argue between these two positions and argue that certain phenomena are either semantics or pragmatics. For  [https://bookmarking.win/story.php?title=ten-things-you-learned-in-kindergarden-that-will-help-you-with-pragmatic-product-authentication 슬롯] example, some scholars argue that if a statement has the literal truth-conditional meaning, it is semantics. On the other hand, others believe that the fact that an expression could be interpreted in different ways is pragmatics.<br><br>Other researchers in the field of pragmatics have taken a different view and argue that the truth-conditional meaning of an utterance is just one of the many ways that the word can be interpreted, and that all of these interpretations are valid. This approach is often referred to as "far-side pragmatics".<br><br>Recent research in pragmatics has attempted to combine semantic and far side methods. It tries to capture the full range of interpretational possibilities that can be derived from a speaker's words, by modeling how the speaker's beliefs as well as intentions contribute to the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. The 2019 version is an Gricean model of the Rational Speech Act framework, with technical innovations developed by Franke and Bergen. The model predicts that listeners will consider a range of possible exhaustified parses of a speech that contains the universal FCI any and this is what makes the exclusiveness implicature so robust as contrasted to other possible implicatures.
What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the connection between context, language and meaning. It poses questions such as What do people actually mean when they speak in terms?<br><br>It's a philosophy of practical and sensible action. It's in contrast to idealism, the notion that you must abide to your convictions.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics focuses on the way that language users communicate and [https://www.metooo.io/u/66e56cc8b6d67d6d177d65ec 프라그마틱 슈가러쉬] 체험 - [https://mikkelsen-welsh-4.blogbright.net/pragmatic-experience-tools-to-make-your-everyday-lifethe-only-pragmatic-experience-trick-every-individual-should-be-able-to/ https://mikkelsen-welsh-4.blogbright.net/pragmatic-experience-tools-to-make-your-everyday-lifethe-only-pragmatic-experience-trick-every-individual-should-be-able-to/], interact with each and with each other. It is often viewed as a part of a language, however it differs from semantics since it concentrates on what the user is trying to convey and not what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a research area it is still young and its research has grown rapidly in the last few decades. It has been mostly an academic area of study within linguistics but it also influences research in other fields such as speech-language pathology, psychology sociolinguistics, and anthropology.<br><br>There are many different perspectives on pragmatics that have contributed to its growth and development. For example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics, which focuses on the notion of intention and how it affects the speaker's understanding of the listener's. Conceptual and lexical strategies for pragmatics are also views on the topic. These perspectives have contributed to the variety of subjects that researchers in pragmatics have investigated.<br><br>The study of pragmatics has covered a vast range topics, such as pragmatic comprehension in L2 and demand production by EFL students, [https://www.themirch.com/blog/author/smokestate41/ 프라그마틱 불법] as well as the importance of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It has also been applied to social and cultural phenomena, like political discourse, discriminatory language and interpersonal communication. Researchers studying pragmatics have employed a wide range of methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>The size of the knowledge base in pragmatics differs according to the database used, as shown in Figure 9A-C. The US and UK are two of the top contributors in the field of pragmatics research. However, their ranking varies depending on the database. This is due to pragmatics being multidisciplinary and interspersed with other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to determine the top authors in pragmatics by their publications only. However, it is possible to determine the most influential authors through analyzing their contributions to pragmatics. For instance Bambini's contribution to the field of pragmatics includes pioneering concepts such as conversational implicature and politeness theory. Other authors who have been influential in pragmatics include Grice, Saul and Kasper.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics focuses on the contexts and users of language use instead of focusing on reference to truth, grammar, or. It focuses on how one phrase can be interpreted differently in different contexts. This includes ambiguity and indexicality. It also examines the strategies that hearers use to determine if phrases are intended to be a communication. It is closely related to the theory of conversational implicature pioneered by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines are a matter of debate. While the distinction between these two disciplines is well-known, it is not always clear where they should be drawn. For example, some philosophers have argued that the notion of a sentence meaning is an aspect of semantics while others have argued that this type of thing should be viewed as a pragmatic issue.<br><br>Another area of controversy is whether the study of pragmatics should be regarded as to be a linguistics branch or a part of the philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued pragmatics is an independent discipline and should be considered a part of linguistics,  프라그마틱 데모; [https://jisuzm.tv/home.php?mod=space&uid=5322553 Jisuzm.tv], along with phonology. Syntax, semantics, etc. Others have suggested the study of pragmatics is a part of philosophy because it deals with how our ideas about the meaning and use of languages influence our theories on how languages function.<br><br>There are a few major issues that arise in the study of pragmatics that have been the source of much of this debate. Some scholars have argued for instance that pragmatics isn't an academic discipline by itself because it examines how people interpret and use language without necessarily referring to the facts about what was actually said. This sort of approach is called far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that the study is a discipline in its own right since it examines the manner the meaning and usage of language is dependent on cultural and social factors. This is known as near-side pragmatism.<br><br>Other topics of discussion in pragmatics include the way we think about the nature of the utterance interpretation process as an inferential process and the importance that primary pragmatic processes play in the determining of what is being spoken by an individual speaker in a sentence. These are topics that are addressed in greater detail in the papers by Recanati and Bach. Both papers deal with the notions of saturation and free pragmatic enrichment. These are significant pragmatic processes in that they help to shape the meaning of a statement.<br><br>What is the difference between Free Pragmatics and from Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of how context contributes to the meaning of a language. It studies the way that the human language is utilized in social interaction and the relationship between speaker and interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists who specialize on pragmatics.<br><br>Different theories of pragmatics have been developed over time. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, focus on the intention of communication of the speaker. Relevance Theory for instance is focused on the processes of understanding that occur when listeners interpret the meaning of utterances. Certain pragmatic approaches have been combined together with other disciplines like philosophy or cognitive science.<br><br>There are also different views regarding the boundary between semantics and pragmatics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that semantics and pragmatism are two different topics. He states that semantics is concerned with the relationship of signs to objects they may or may not denote, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the usage of the words in context.<br><br>Other philosophers,  [https://www.metooo.es/u/66e5d0e5f2059b59ef341385 프라그마틱 정품] such as Bach and Harnish have argued that pragmatism is a subfield within semantics. They distinguish between "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concerns what is said, whereas far-side focuses on the logic implications of uttering a phrase. They believe that semantics determines the logical implications of an expression,  [https://maps.google.com.pr/url?q=https://historydb.date/wiki/10_Real_Reasons_People_Hate_Pragmatickr 프라그마틱 슬롯 추천] whereas other pragmatics is determined by pragmatic processes.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is context dependent. This means that a single utterance may have different meanings depending on factors such as indexicality or ambiguity. The structure of the conversation, the beliefs of the speaker and intentions, as well as expectations of the audience can also alter the meaning of a word.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culture-specific. It is because each culture has its own rules for what is appropriate in various situations. In some cultures, it's acceptable to keep eye contact. In other cultures, it's rude.<br><br>There are a variety of views of pragmatics, and a lot of research is conducted in the field. The main areas of research include computational and formal pragmatics theoretic and experimental pragmatics; cross-cultural and intercultural pragmatics; clinical and experimental pragmatics.<br><br>What is the relationship between free Pragmatics and to explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The linguistic discipline of pragmatics is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed by the use of language in context. It focuses less on the grammatical structure that is used in the utterance and more on what the speaker is saying. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics is linked to other areas of study of linguistics such as semantics and syntax, or the philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years the area of pragmatics has been developing in several different directions that include computational linguistics, pragmatics in conversation, and theoretical pragmatics. There is a wide range of research that is conducted in these areas, addressing topics such as the role of lexical features and the interaction between language and discourse, and the nature of meaning itself.<br><br>One of the main issues in the philosophical discussion of pragmatics is whether or not it is possible to develop an exhaustive, systematic view of the pragmatics/semantics interface. Some philosophers have claimed it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have claimed that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is not clear and that pragmatics and semantics are in fact the same thing.<br><br>It is not unusual for scholars to argue back and forth between these two perspectives and argue that certain phenomena are either semantics or pragmatics. Some scholars argue that if a statement has a literal truth conditional meaning, it is semantics. Others argue that the fact that a statement can be interpreted in different ways is pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have taken a different view, arguing that the truth-conditional meaning of an expression is only one among many ways in which an word can be interpreted, and that all of these ways are valid. This approach is often referred to as far-side pragmatics.<br><br>Recent work in pragmatics has tried to combine semantic and far side approaches. It attempts to capture the full range of interpretational possibilities that a speaker's speech can offer, by modeling how the speaker's beliefs and intentions affect the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine the Gricean game theory model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). This model predicts listeners will have to entertain a myriad of exhausted parses of an speech that is a part of the universal FCI Any. This is why the exclusiveness implicature is so robust when compared to other plausible implications.

Revision as of 19:35, 15 January 2025

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of the connection between context, language and meaning. It poses questions such as What do people actually mean when they speak in terms?

It's a philosophy of practical and sensible action. It's in contrast to idealism, the notion that you must abide to your convictions.

What is Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics focuses on the way that language users communicate and 프라그마틱 슈가러쉬 체험 - https://mikkelsen-welsh-4.blogbright.net/pragmatic-experience-tools-to-make-your-everyday-lifethe-only-pragmatic-experience-trick-every-individual-should-be-able-to/, interact with each and with each other. It is often viewed as a part of a language, however it differs from semantics since it concentrates on what the user is trying to convey and not what the actual meaning is.

As a research area it is still young and its research has grown rapidly in the last few decades. It has been mostly an academic area of study within linguistics but it also influences research in other fields such as speech-language pathology, psychology sociolinguistics, and anthropology.

There are many different perspectives on pragmatics that have contributed to its growth and development. For example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics, which focuses on the notion of intention and how it affects the speaker's understanding of the listener's. Conceptual and lexical strategies for pragmatics are also views on the topic. These perspectives have contributed to the variety of subjects that researchers in pragmatics have investigated.

The study of pragmatics has covered a vast range topics, such as pragmatic comprehension in L2 and demand production by EFL students, 프라그마틱 불법 as well as the importance of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It has also been applied to social and cultural phenomena, like political discourse, discriminatory language and interpersonal communication. Researchers studying pragmatics have employed a wide range of methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.

The size of the knowledge base in pragmatics differs according to the database used, as shown in Figure 9A-C. The US and UK are two of the top contributors in the field of pragmatics research. However, their ranking varies depending on the database. This is due to pragmatics being multidisciplinary and interspersed with other disciplines.

This makes it difficult to determine the top authors in pragmatics by their publications only. However, it is possible to determine the most influential authors through analyzing their contributions to pragmatics. For instance Bambini's contribution to the field of pragmatics includes pioneering concepts such as conversational implicature and politeness theory. Other authors who have been influential in pragmatics include Grice, Saul and Kasper.

What is Free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics focuses on the contexts and users of language use instead of focusing on reference to truth, grammar, or. It focuses on how one phrase can be interpreted differently in different contexts. This includes ambiguity and indexicality. It also examines the strategies that hearers use to determine if phrases are intended to be a communication. It is closely related to the theory of conversational implicature pioneered by Paul Grice.

The boundaries between these two disciplines are a matter of debate. While the distinction between these two disciplines is well-known, it is not always clear where they should be drawn. For example, some philosophers have argued that the notion of a sentence meaning is an aspect of semantics while others have argued that this type of thing should be viewed as a pragmatic issue.

Another area of controversy is whether the study of pragmatics should be regarded as to be a linguistics branch or a part of the philosophy of language. Some researchers have argued pragmatics is an independent discipline and should be considered a part of linguistics, 프라그마틱 데모; Jisuzm.tv, along with phonology. Syntax, semantics, etc. Others have suggested the study of pragmatics is a part of philosophy because it deals with how our ideas about the meaning and use of languages influence our theories on how languages function.

There are a few major issues that arise in the study of pragmatics that have been the source of much of this debate. Some scholars have argued for instance that pragmatics isn't an academic discipline by itself because it examines how people interpret and use language without necessarily referring to the facts about what was actually said. This sort of approach is called far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that the study is a discipline in its own right since it examines the manner the meaning and usage of language is dependent on cultural and social factors. This is known as near-side pragmatism.

Other topics of discussion in pragmatics include the way we think about the nature of the utterance interpretation process as an inferential process and the importance that primary pragmatic processes play in the determining of what is being spoken by an individual speaker in a sentence. These are topics that are addressed in greater detail in the papers by Recanati and Bach. Both papers deal with the notions of saturation and free pragmatic enrichment. These are significant pragmatic processes in that they help to shape the meaning of a statement.

What is the difference between Free Pragmatics and from Explanatory Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of how context contributes to the meaning of a language. It studies the way that the human language is utilized in social interaction and the relationship between speaker and interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists who specialize on pragmatics.

Different theories of pragmatics have been developed over time. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, focus on the intention of communication of the speaker. Relevance Theory for instance is focused on the processes of understanding that occur when listeners interpret the meaning of utterances. Certain pragmatic approaches have been combined together with other disciplines like philosophy or cognitive science.

There are also different views regarding the boundary between semantics and pragmatics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that semantics and pragmatism are two different topics. He states that semantics is concerned with the relationship of signs to objects they may or may not denote, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the usage of the words in context.

Other philosophers, 프라그마틱 정품 such as Bach and Harnish have argued that pragmatism is a subfield within semantics. They distinguish between "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concerns what is said, whereas far-side focuses on the logic implications of uttering a phrase. They believe that semantics determines the logical implications of an expression, 프라그마틱 슬롯 추천 whereas other pragmatics is determined by pragmatic processes.

One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is context dependent. This means that a single utterance may have different meanings depending on factors such as indexicality or ambiguity. The structure of the conversation, the beliefs of the speaker and intentions, as well as expectations of the audience can also alter the meaning of a word.

Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culture-specific. It is because each culture has its own rules for what is appropriate in various situations. In some cultures, it's acceptable to keep eye contact. In other cultures, it's rude.

There are a variety of views of pragmatics, and a lot of research is conducted in the field. The main areas of research include computational and formal pragmatics theoretic and experimental pragmatics; cross-cultural and intercultural pragmatics; clinical and experimental pragmatics.

What is the relationship between free Pragmatics and to explanatory Pragmatics?

The linguistic discipline of pragmatics is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed by the use of language in context. It focuses less on the grammatical structure that is used in the utterance and more on what the speaker is saying. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics is linked to other areas of study of linguistics such as semantics and syntax, or the philosophy of language.

In recent years the area of pragmatics has been developing in several different directions that include computational linguistics, pragmatics in conversation, and theoretical pragmatics. There is a wide range of research that is conducted in these areas, addressing topics such as the role of lexical features and the interaction between language and discourse, and the nature of meaning itself.

One of the main issues in the philosophical discussion of pragmatics is whether or not it is possible to develop an exhaustive, systematic view of the pragmatics/semantics interface. Some philosophers have claimed it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have claimed that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is not clear and that pragmatics and semantics are in fact the same thing.

It is not unusual for scholars to argue back and forth between these two perspectives and argue that certain phenomena are either semantics or pragmatics. Some scholars argue that if a statement has a literal truth conditional meaning, it is semantics. Others argue that the fact that a statement can be interpreted in different ways is pragmatics.

Other pragmatics researchers have taken a different view, arguing that the truth-conditional meaning of an expression is only one among many ways in which an word can be interpreted, and that all of these ways are valid. This approach is often referred to as far-side pragmatics.

Recent work in pragmatics has tried to combine semantic and far side approaches. It attempts to capture the full range of interpretational possibilities that a speaker's speech can offer, by modeling how the speaker's beliefs and intentions affect the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine the Gricean game theory model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). This model predicts listeners will have to entertain a myriad of exhausted parses of an speech that is a part of the universal FCI Any. This is why the exclusiveness implicature is so robust when compared to other plausible implications.