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What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics studies the relationship between language and context. It deals with questions like what do people mean by the words they use?<br><br>It's a philosophy that is based on practical and reasonable actions. It's in opposition to idealism, the notion that you must abide by your principles.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the ways that people who speak get meaning from and with each with each other. It is often seen as a component of language, but it differs from semantics because pragmatics is focused on what the user wants to convey, not on what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a research field, pragmatics is relatively young and its research has expanded rapidly in the last few decades. It is primarily an academic area of study within linguistics but it also has an impact on research in other fields, such as speech-language pathology, psychology sociolinguistics and the study of anthropology.<br><br>There are many different views on pragmatics that have contributed to its growth and development. One of these is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which focuses primarily on the notion of intention and its interaction with the speaker's knowledge of the listener's comprehension. Other perspectives on pragmatics include lexical and conceptual approaches to pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the wide range of subjects that pragmatics researchers have studied.<br><br>Research in pragmatics has been focused on a broad range of subjects that include L2 pragmatic comprehension and request production by EFL learners and the role of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It is also applied to social and cultural phenomena, including political discourse, discriminatory language and interpersonal communication. Researchers studying pragmatics have employed various methods from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>The amount of knowledge base in pragmatics varies according to the database, as illustrated in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are two of the top performers in pragmatics research. However,  [https://hubwebsites.com/story19539426/5-laws-to-help-those-in-pragmatic-image-industry 프라그마틱 정품] 홈페이지 - [https://benjaminj513fiu1.wiki-cms.com/user https://benjaminj513fiu1.wiki-cms.Com/user] - their position varies depending on the database. This is due to the fact that pragmatics is multidisciplinary and intersects with other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to rank the top pragmatics authors by their number of publications alone. However it is possible to determine the most influential authors by examining their contributions to pragmatics. Bambini for instance, has contributed to pragmatics through concepts like politeness theories and conversational implicititure. Other authors who have been influential in the field of pragmatics are Grice, Saul and Kasper.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is focused on the contexts and users of language usage rather than focusing on reference, truth, or grammar. It examines how a single utterance may be understood differently in different contexts. This includes ambiguity and indexicality. It also focuses on the strategies used by listeners to determine if words have a meaning that is communicative. It is closely connected to the theory of conversational implicature, pioneered by Paul Grice.<br><br>While the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is a well-known, long-established one however, there is a lot of debate about the precise boundaries of these fields. Some philosophers believe that the concept of sentence meaning is a component of semantics, whereas other insist that this particular problem should be considered pragmatic.<br><br>Another issue that has been a source of contention is whether the study of pragmatics is a branch of linguistics or a part of the philosophy of language. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is a discipline in its distinct from the other disciplines and should be considered distinct from linguistics alongside phonology, syntax semantics and so on. Others, however, have argued that the study of pragmatics should be viewed as part of the philosophy of language since it examines the ways in which our ideas about the meaning and uses of language influence our theories of how languages function.<br><br>The debate has been fuelled by a handful of issues that are fundamental to the study of pragmatism. For example, some scholars have suggested that pragmatics isn't a subject in and of itself since it studies the ways in which people interpret and use language, without being able to provide any information about what is actually being said. This type of method is known as far-side pragmatics. Others, [https://pragmatic-kr46677.webdesign96.com/30957529/the-reasons-you-shouldn-t-think-about-improving-your-live-casino 프라그마틱 무료체험] however, have argued that the subject is a discipline in its own right since it examines the manner the meaning and use of language is dependent on cultural and social factors. This is known as near-side pragmatics.<br><br>The field of pragmatics also discusses the inferential nature of utterances as well as the role of primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker is saying in a sentence. These are topics that are more thoroughly discussed in the papers of Recanati and Bach. Both papers address the notions of a saturation and a free enrichment in the context of a pragmatic. These are significant pragmatic processes that help shape the overall meaning an utterance.<br><br>What is the difference between free and explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of how context contributes to the meaning of a language. It focuses on how humans use language in social interaction as well as the relationship between speaker and interpreter. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are called pragmaticians.<br><br>Different theories of pragmatics have been developed over time. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communication intent of speakers. Others, like Relevance Theory concentrate on the understanding processes that occur during the interpretation of utterances by hearers. Certain pragmatic approaches have been incorporated with other disciplines such as cognitive science or philosophy.<br><br>There are also a variety of opinions regarding the boundaries between semantics and pragmatics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that semantics and pragmatism are two different topics. He asserts that semantics is concerned with the relationship between signs and objects they could or might not represent, while pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in a context.<br><br>Other philosophers, such as Bach and Harnish, have argued that pragmatics is a subfield of semantics. They distinguish between "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concerns what is said, whereas far-side focuses on the logic implications of a statement. They believe that semantics determines some of the pragmatics of an expression, whereas other pragmatics is determined by the pragmatic processes.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is a context-dependent phenomenon. This means that the same utterance could have different meanings in different contexts, based on factors such as indexicality and ambiguity. Other elements that can alter the meaning of an utterance include discourse structure, speaker intentions and beliefs, and expectations of the listener.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is its particularity to the culture. This is due to different cultures having their own rules about what is acceptable to say in different situations. In certain cultures, it's acceptable to keep eye contact. In other cultures, it's considered rude.<br><br>There are various perspectives on pragmatics and much research is being conducted in this area. There are a myriad of areas of research, such as computational and formal pragmatics theoretic and experimental pragmatics, cross and intercultural pragmatics of language, as well as clinical and experimentative pragmatics.<br><br>How is Free Pragmatics Similar to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The pragmatics discipline is concerned with the way meaning is communicated through the language used in its context. It examines the way in which the speaker's intentions and beliefs contribute to interpretation, focusing less on the grammatical aspects of the speech rather than what is said. Pragmaticians are linguists who focus on pragmatics. The subject of pragmatics is closely related to other areas of linguistics, such as syntax, semantics and the philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years, the area of pragmatics has been developing in various directions, including computational linguistics, conversational pragmatics, and theoretical pragmatics. There is a variety of research in these areas, addressing topics like the importance of lexical features as well as the interaction between discourse and language and the nature of the concept of meaning.<br><br>One of the major issues in the philosophical discussion of pragmatics is whether it is possible to provide an exhaustive, [https://henrikw277sbs5.ouyawiki.com/user 프라그마틱 정품확인방법] [https://bookmarksaifi.com/story18365334/the-no-1-question-that-everyone-in-pragmatic-sugar-rush-should-be-able-to-answer 슬롯] 추천 - [https://bookmarkmargin.com/story18298715/8-tips-to-enhance-your-pragmatic-slots-site-game use Bookmarkmargin] - systematic view of the pragmatics/semantics interface. Some philosophers have suggested that it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is not well-defined and that they're the same thing.<br><br>The debate over these positions is often an ongoing debate, with scholars arguing that certain events fall under the umbrella of either pragmatics or semantics. For instance certain scholars argue that if an expression has a literal truth-conditional meaning then it is semantics, while other argue that the fact that a statement can be interpreted in a variety of ways is a sign of pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have adopted an alternative route. They claim that the truth-conditional interpretation of a sentence is only one of many possible interpretations, and that all interpretations are valid. This method is often called far-side pragmatics.<br><br>Recent research in pragmatics has sought to integrate semantic and distant side approaches. It attempts to capture the full range of interpretational possibilities that can be derived from a speaker's words by illustrating how the speaker's beliefs as well as intentions contribute to the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine the Gricean game theory model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). This model predicts listeners will have to entertain a myriad of exhausted interpretations of an utterance that contains the universal FCI Any, and this is the reason why the exclusivity implicature is so strong in comparison to other possible implications.
What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is a study of the connection between language and context. It asks questions like What do people actually mean when they speak in terms?<br><br>It's a philosophies of practical and reasonable action. It differs from idealism, which is the belief that one must adhere to their beliefs regardless of the circumstances.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of ways that language users find meaning from and each one another. It is often thought of as a part of a language, but it differs from semantics in that it concentrates on what the user wants to convey, not what the meaning is.<br><br>As a research area it is comparatively new and research in the area has been expanding rapidly over the last few decades. It is primarily an academic area of study within linguistics, but it also influences research in other fields such as psychology, speech-language pathology, sociolinguistics, and Anthropology.<br><br>There are many different approaches to pragmatics that have contributed to the development and growth of this field. One of these is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which is based primarily on the notion of intention and the interaction with the speaker's knowledge of the listener's understanding. Conceptual and lexical strategies for pragmatics are likewise perspectives on the topic. These perspectives have contributed to the wide range of subjects that pragmatics researchers have investigated.<br><br>The research in pragmatics has been focused on a wide range of subjects, including L2 pragmatic comprehension as well as request production by EFL learners, and the role of theory of mind in physical and mental metaphors. It has also been applied to cultural and [http://www.timetriallingforum.co.uk/Apps/LinkCount.php?Link=https://pragmatickr.com/ 프라그마틱 순위] 무료슬롯 ([https://www.mantisonline.info/modules/counter.php?ziel=https://pragmatickr.com/ Mantisonline.info]) social phenomena, including political discourse, discriminatory language and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers have also employed a variety of methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>The amount of knowledge base in pragmatics varies according to the database used, as shown in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are two of the top performers in the field of pragmatics research. However, their position is dependent on the database. This is because pragmatics is multidisciplinary and interspersed with other disciplines.<br><br>It is therefore difficult to determine the best pragmatics authors solely according to the quantity of their publications. However it is possible to identify the most influential authors through analyzing their contributions to pragmatics. For instance Bambini's contribution to the field of pragmatics is a pioneering concept such as conversational implicature and politeness theory. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also highly influential authors of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics focuses on the contexts and users of language use, rather than on reference grammar, truth, or. It focuses on how a single utterance may be understood differently in different contexts. This includes ambiguity and indexicality. It also examines the strategies that hearers use to determine if utterances are intended to be communicated. It is closely linked to the theory of conversational implicature developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines is a matter of debate. While the distinction is widely recognized, it's not always clear where the lines should be drawn. Some philosophers argue that the concept of sentence meaning is a component of semantics, whereas other claim that this type of problem should be considered pragmatic.<br><br>Another issue is whether pragmatics is a branch of philosophy of languages or a branch of the study of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is a discipline in its distinct from the other disciplines and should be considered an independent part of linguistics alongside phonology, syntax, semantics and so on. Others have suggested the study of pragmatics is an aspect of philosophy since it examines how our notions of the meaning and use of languages influence our theories about how languages function.<br><br>There are a few major aspects of the study of pragmatics that have been the source of the debate. Some scholars have argued, for example, that pragmatics isn't a discipline by itself because it studies how people perceive and use language without necessarily referring to actual facts about what was said. This sort of approach is referred to as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars, however have argued that this field should be considered an academic discipline because it studies how cultural and social factors influence the meaning and  프라그마틱 정품 사이트 ([https://www.xinyucn.cc/wp-content/themes/XinYu5.0/inc/go.php?url=https://pragmatickr.com/ www.Xinyucn.cc]) usage of language. This is called near-side pragmatics.<br><br>The pragmatics field also discusses the inferential nature and meaning of utterances, as well as the significance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining the meaning of what a speaker is expressing in a sentence. Recanati and Bach discuss these topics in greater depth. Both papers explore the notions saturation and free enrichment in the context of a pragmatic. These are important pragmatic processes that help shape the meaning of an utterance.<br><br>How is Free Pragmatics Different from Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics focuses on the way in which context influences the meaning of language. It focuses on how humans use language in social interactions and the relationship between speaker and interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists that focus in pragmatics.<br><br>Over the years, many different theories of pragmatism were developed. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, concentrate on the communication intention of the speaker. Relevance Theory for instance is a study of the processes of understanding that take place when listeners interpret the meaning of utterances. Some pragmatic approaches have been combined with other disciplines, such as cognitive science or philosophy.<br><br>There are also differing opinions regarding the boundaries between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers, such as Morris, believe that semantics and pragmatics are two distinct topics. He says that semantics deals with the relation of words to objects that they could or not denote, whereas pragmatics deals with the use of the words in context.<br><br>Other philosophers, like Bach and Harnish have suggested that pragmatics is a field that is part of semantics. They distinguish between 'nearside and far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics is focused on what is said, while far-side pragmatics is focused on the logical implications of saying something. They believe that a portion of the 'pragmatics' that accompany an expression are already influenced by semantics, while the rest is defined by the processes of inference.<br><br>The context is one of the most important aspects in pragmatics. This means that the same word can mean different things in different contexts, depending on things like indexicality and ambiguity. Other things that can change the meaning of an expression are the structure of the speech, the speaker's intentions and beliefs, and the expectations of the listener.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is its particularity to the culture. This is because each culture has its own rules about what is appropriate in various situations. For instance, it is acceptable in certain cultures to keep eye contact while it is rude in other cultures.<br><br>There are many different views of pragmatics, and a lot of research is being conducted in the field. There are many different areas of research, such as pragmatics that are computational and formal theoretic and experimental pragmatics, cross and intercultural linguistic pragmatics and pragmatics in the clinical and experimental sense.<br><br>What is the relationship between Free Pragmatics and  [http://www.delire-ta-vie.fr/tracking/cpc.php?ids=1604&idv=1812&sid=&email=%5B%5BEMAIL%5D%5D&nom=&prenom=&civ=&cp=&redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fpragmatickr.com%2F 프라그마틱 정품] 슬롯 무료 ([https://www.lirix.de/internet/lirix.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpragmatickr.com%2F browse around these guys]) to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The pragmatics discipline is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed by the language in a context. It evaluates the ways in which the speaker's intention and beliefs contribute to interpretation, with less attention paid to grammatical features of the utterance instead of what is being said. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are called pragmaticians. The subject of pragmatics is connected to other areas of linguistics such as semantics, syntax and the philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent times the field of pragmatics developed in many different directions. These include computational linguistics and conversational pragmatics. There is a broad range of research that is conducted in these areas, addressing topics such as the role of lexical characteristics as well as the interaction between language and discourse, and the nature of the concept of meaning.<br><br>In the philosophical debate on pragmatism one of the main issues is whether it is possible to provide a thorough and systematic analysis of the interface between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers have claimed that it is not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is not clear and that they're the same.<br><br>It is not uncommon for scholars to debate between these two views, arguing that certain phenomena are either pragmatics or semantics. Some scholars say that if a statement is interpreted with the literal truth conditional meaning, it is semantics. Others argue that the fact that a statement can be read differently is a sign of pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have taken an alternative route. They claim that the truth-conditional interpretation of a statement is just one of the many possible interpretations, and that all of them are valid. This approach is sometimes described as "far-side pragmatics".<br><br>Recent research in pragmatics has attempted to integrate semantic and far side approaches. It attempts to capture the entire range of interpretive possibilities for a speaker's utterance by illustrating the way in which the speaker's beliefs and intentions affect the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine the Gricean game theory model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). This model predicts that listeners will be able to consider a variety of possible exhaustified interpretations of a speech that contains the universal FCI any, and that this is what makes the exclusivity implicature so reliable when compared to other plausible implicatures.

Revision as of 01:31, 19 January 2025

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is a study of the connection between language and context. It asks questions like What do people actually mean when they speak in terms?

It's a philosophies of practical and reasonable action. It differs from idealism, which is the belief that one must adhere to their beliefs regardless of the circumstances.

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of ways that language users find meaning from and each one another. It is often thought of as a part of a language, but it differs from semantics in that it concentrates on what the user wants to convey, not what the meaning is.

As a research area it is comparatively new and research in the area has been expanding rapidly over the last few decades. It is primarily an academic area of study within linguistics, but it also influences research in other fields such as psychology, speech-language pathology, sociolinguistics, and Anthropology.

There are many different approaches to pragmatics that have contributed to the development and growth of this field. One of these is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which is based primarily on the notion of intention and the interaction with the speaker's knowledge of the listener's understanding. Conceptual and lexical strategies for pragmatics are likewise perspectives on the topic. These perspectives have contributed to the wide range of subjects that pragmatics researchers have investigated.

The research in pragmatics has been focused on a wide range of subjects, including L2 pragmatic comprehension as well as request production by EFL learners, and the role of theory of mind in physical and mental metaphors. It has also been applied to cultural and 프라그마틱 순위 무료슬롯 (Mantisonline.info) social phenomena, including political discourse, discriminatory language and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers have also employed a variety of methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.

The amount of knowledge base in pragmatics varies according to the database used, as shown in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are two of the top performers in the field of pragmatics research. However, their position is dependent on the database. This is because pragmatics is multidisciplinary and interspersed with other disciplines.

It is therefore difficult to determine the best pragmatics authors solely according to the quantity of their publications. However it is possible to identify the most influential authors through analyzing their contributions to pragmatics. For instance Bambini's contribution to the field of pragmatics is a pioneering concept such as conversational implicature and politeness theory. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also highly influential authors of pragmatics.

What is Free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics focuses on the contexts and users of language use, rather than on reference grammar, truth, or. It focuses on how a single utterance may be understood differently in different contexts. This includes ambiguity and indexicality. It also examines the strategies that hearers use to determine if utterances are intended to be communicated. It is closely linked to the theory of conversational implicature developed by Paul Grice.

The boundaries between these two disciplines is a matter of debate. While the distinction is widely recognized, it's not always clear where the lines should be drawn. Some philosophers argue that the concept of sentence meaning is a component of semantics, whereas other claim that this type of problem should be considered pragmatic.

Another issue is whether pragmatics is a branch of philosophy of languages or a branch of the study of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is a discipline in its distinct from the other disciplines and should be considered an independent part of linguistics alongside phonology, syntax, semantics and so on. Others have suggested the study of pragmatics is an aspect of philosophy since it examines how our notions of the meaning and use of languages influence our theories about how languages function.

There are a few major aspects of the study of pragmatics that have been the source of the debate. Some scholars have argued, for example, that pragmatics isn't a discipline by itself because it studies how people perceive and use language without necessarily referring to actual facts about what was said. This sort of approach is referred to as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars, however have argued that this field should be considered an academic discipline because it studies how cultural and social factors influence the meaning and 프라그마틱 정품 사이트 (www.Xinyucn.cc) usage of language. This is called near-side pragmatics.

The pragmatics field also discusses the inferential nature and meaning of utterances, as well as the significance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining the meaning of what a speaker is expressing in a sentence. Recanati and Bach discuss these topics in greater depth. Both papers explore the notions saturation and free enrichment in the context of a pragmatic. These are important pragmatic processes that help shape the meaning of an utterance.

How is Free Pragmatics Different from Explanatory Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics focuses on the way in which context influences the meaning of language. It focuses on how humans use language in social interactions and the relationship between speaker and interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists that focus in pragmatics.

Over the years, many different theories of pragmatism were developed. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, concentrate on the communication intention of the speaker. Relevance Theory for instance is a study of the processes of understanding that take place when listeners interpret the meaning of utterances. Some pragmatic approaches have been combined with other disciplines, such as cognitive science or philosophy.

There are also differing opinions regarding the boundaries between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers, such as Morris, believe that semantics and pragmatics are two distinct topics. He says that semantics deals with the relation of words to objects that they could or not denote, whereas pragmatics deals with the use of the words in context.

Other philosophers, like Bach and Harnish have suggested that pragmatics is a field that is part of semantics. They distinguish between 'nearside and far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics is focused on what is said, while far-side pragmatics is focused on the logical implications of saying something. They believe that a portion of the 'pragmatics' that accompany an expression are already influenced by semantics, while the rest is defined by the processes of inference.

The context is one of the most important aspects in pragmatics. This means that the same word can mean different things in different contexts, depending on things like indexicality and ambiguity. Other things that can change the meaning of an expression are the structure of the speech, the speaker's intentions and beliefs, and the expectations of the listener.

Another aspect of pragmatics is its particularity to the culture. This is because each culture has its own rules about what is appropriate in various situations. For instance, it is acceptable in certain cultures to keep eye contact while it is rude in other cultures.

There are many different views of pragmatics, and a lot of research is being conducted in the field. There are many different areas of research, such as pragmatics that are computational and formal theoretic and experimental pragmatics, cross and intercultural linguistic pragmatics and pragmatics in the clinical and experimental sense.

What is the relationship between Free Pragmatics and 프라그마틱 정품 슬롯 무료 (browse around these guys) to Explanatory Pragmatics?

The pragmatics discipline is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed by the language in a context. It evaluates the ways in which the speaker's intention and beliefs contribute to interpretation, with less attention paid to grammatical features of the utterance instead of what is being said. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are called pragmaticians. The subject of pragmatics is connected to other areas of linguistics such as semantics, syntax and the philosophy of language.

In recent times the field of pragmatics developed in many different directions. These include computational linguistics and conversational pragmatics. There is a broad range of research that is conducted in these areas, addressing topics such as the role of lexical characteristics as well as the interaction between language and discourse, and the nature of the concept of meaning.

In the philosophical debate on pragmatism one of the main issues is whether it is possible to provide a thorough and systematic analysis of the interface between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers have claimed that it is not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is not clear and that they're the same.

It is not uncommon for scholars to debate between these two views, arguing that certain phenomena are either pragmatics or semantics. Some scholars say that if a statement is interpreted with the literal truth conditional meaning, it is semantics. Others argue that the fact that a statement can be read differently is a sign of pragmatics.

Other pragmatics researchers have taken an alternative route. They claim that the truth-conditional interpretation of a statement is just one of the many possible interpretations, and that all of them are valid. This approach is sometimes described as "far-side pragmatics".

Recent research in pragmatics has attempted to integrate semantic and far side approaches. It attempts to capture the entire range of interpretive possibilities for a speaker's utterance by illustrating the way in which the speaker's beliefs and intentions affect the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine the Gricean game theory model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). This model predicts that listeners will be able to consider a variety of possible exhaustified interpretations of a speech that contains the universal FCI any, and that this is what makes the exclusivity implicature so reliable when compared to other plausible implicatures.