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What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the relationship between language, context and meaning. It deals with questions like what do people mean by the terms they use?<br><br>It's a way of thinking that focuses on the practical and sensible actions. It contrasts with idealism which is the idea that one should stick to their principles regardless of the circumstances.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics examines how people who speak a language interact and communicate with one and with each other. It is usually thought of as a part of the language, although it differs from semantics in the sense that pragmatics examines what the user intends to convey rather than what the meaning actually is.<br><br>As a field of study it is comparatively new and research in the area has been growing rapidly over the past few decades. It is a language academic field but it has also had an impact on research in other fields such as psychology, sociolinguistics and Anthropology.<br><br>There are many different views on pragmatics that have contributed to its development and growth. One perspective is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which focuses on the notion of intention and its interaction with the speaker's understanding of the listener's comprehension. Conceptual and [https://pragmatic-korea20864.blogdemls.com/29608074/free-pragmatic-s-history-history-of-free-pragmatic 프라그마틱 슬롯체험] lexical strategies for pragmatics are also views on the subject. These perspectives have contributed to the diversity of topics that researchers in pragmatics have researched.<br><br>The research in pragmatics has covered a wide variety of topics, including pragmatic comprehension in L2 and demand production by EFL students, as well as the significance of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It can also be applied to cultural and social phenomena, including political discourse, discriminatory language, and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers also have employed a variety of methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>The size of the knowledge base in pragmatics varies according to the database, as illustrated in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are among the top contributors to pragmatics research, yet their rankings differ by database. This is due to the fact that pragmatics is multidisciplinary and intersects with other disciplines.<br><br>It is therefore difficult to determine the top authors in pragmatics solely based on the quantity of their publications. It is possible to determine influential authors by looking at their contributions to pragmatics. For instance, Bambini's contribution to pragmatics has led to concepts such as conversational implicature, and politeness theory. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also influential authors of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and language users than it is with truth or reference, or grammar. It examines the ways in which one phrase can be understood as meaning different things from different contexts as well as those triggered by indexicality or ambiguity. It also focuses primarily on the strategies used by listeners to determine whether utterances have a communicative intent. It is closely connected to the theory of conversative implicature which was pioneered by Paul Grice.<br><br>While the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is a well-known and long-established one There is much debate about the precise boundaries of these disciplines. For instance philosophers have suggested that the notion of a sentence's meaning is a part of semantics while others have argued that this kind of thing should be viewed as a pragmatic issue.<br><br>Another issue is whether pragmatics is a branch of philosophy of language or a part of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have argued that pragmatics is a field in its own right and should be considered distinct from linguistics alongside phonology, syntax, semantics and more. Others have argued that the study of pragmatics is an aspect of philosophy of language since it examines the ways that our ideas about the meanings and functions of language affect our theories of how languages function.<br><br>There are a few major issues in the study of pragmatics that have fueled many of the debates. For instance, some researchers have suggested that pragmatics isn't a discipline in its own right because it examines the ways people interpret and use language without necessarily referring to any facts regarding what is actually being said. This kind of approach is called far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that this research ought to be considered an academic discipline because it examines the ways that cultural and social influences influence the meaning and use of language. This is known as near-side pragmatics.<br><br>The field of pragmatics also focuses on the inferential nature and meaning of utterances, as well as the role of primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker means in the sentence. These are issues that are addressed in greater detail in the papers of Recanati and Bach. Both papers explore the notions the concept of saturation and free enrichment in the context of a pragmatic. These are crucial processes that help shape the meaning of an utterance.<br><br>What is the difference between explanatory and free Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of how context contributes to linguistic meaning. It analyzes how human language is used in social interaction, and the relationship between the interpreter and the speaker. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians.<br><br>Over the years, a variety of theories of pragmatism have been proposed. Some, like Gricean pragmatics focus on the communication intent of the speaker. Others, like Relevance Theory,  [https://ilovebookmarking.com/story18077258/you-re-about-to-expand-your-pragmatic-free-trial-meta-options 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료] 무료 ([https://tetrabookmarks.com/story18135930/20-myths-about-pragmatic-slot-recommendations-dispelled Highly recommended Site]) focus on the understanding processes that occur during the interpretation of utterances by hearers. Certain approaches to pragmatics have been merged with other disciplines, including philosophy and cognitive science.<br><br>There are different opinions regarding the boundary between pragmatics and semantics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that semantics and pragmatism are two distinct topics. He argues that semantics is concerned with the relationship of signs to objects they could or might not denote whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in context.<br><br>Other philosophers like Bach and Harnish have argued that pragmatism is a subfield of semantics. They distinguish between 'nearside and far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics focuses on what is said, whereas far-side pragmatics concentrates on the logical consequences of saying something. They believe that semantics already determines certain aspects of the meaning of a statement, whereas other pragmatics is determined by the pragmatic processes.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is contextually dependent. This means that the same utterance can have different meanings in different contexts, depending on things like indexicality and ambiguity. Other elements that can alter the meaning of an utterance include discourse structure, speaker intentions and beliefs, and the expectations of the listener.<br><br>A second aspect of pragmatics is its cultural specificity. This is because different cultures have their own rules about what is appropriate to say in various situations. For example, it is polite in some cultures to make eye contact but it is considered rude in other cultures.<br><br>There are many different perspectives of pragmatics, and lots of research is being conducted in the field. Some of the main areas of study are computational and formal pragmatics as well as experimental and theoretical pragmatics; cross-cultural and intercultural pragmatics; pragmatics in the clinical and experimental sense.<br><br>What is the relationship between Free Pragmatics and to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics is concerned with how meaning is communicated by the language used in its context. It evaluates how the speaker's intentions and  [https://pragmatic-korea00864.losblogos.com/29291854/25-amazing-facts-about-pragmatic-free-game 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료체험] 체험 ([https://wisesocialsmedia.com/story3401961/why-you-should-focus-on-improving-pragmatic-site Wisesocialsmedia.com]) beliefs influence interpretation, focusing less on grammaral characteristics of the expression than on what is said. Pragmaticians are linguists that focus in pragmatics. The topic of pragmatics is related to other areas of linguistics like syntax, semantics, and the philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years the field of pragmatics has grown in a variety of directions, including computational linguistics, pragmatics in conversation, and theoretical pragmatics. These areas are distinguished by a variety of research that addresses issues like lexical characteristics and  [https://socialfactories.com/story3450058/the-reason-pragmatic-slot-manipulation-is-fast-increasing-to-be-the-most-popular-trend-in-2024 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료체험] the interplay between language, discourse, and meaning.<br><br>In the philosophical debate on pragmatics one of the main questions is whether it is possible to give a precise and systematic analysis of the interface between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers have suggested that it's not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics isn't well-defined and that they're the same.<br><br>It is not unusual for scholars to debate back and forth between these two perspectives and argue that certain events are either semantics or pragmatics. Some scholars say that if a statement carries a literal truth conditional meaning, it is semantics. Others argue that the fact that a statement could be interpreted in different ways is pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have taken a different approach, arguing that the truth-conditional meaning a utterance has is only one among many ways in which an utterance may be interpreted and that all of these ways are valid. This method is often known as far-side pragmatics.<br><br>Recent research in pragmatics has sought to integrate semantic and far side approaches. It attempts to represent the entire range of interpretive possibilities that can be derived from a speaker's words, by modeling the way in which the speaker's beliefs and intentions contribute to the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. The 2019 version incorporates a Gricean model of the Rational Speech Act framework, and technological advances developed by Franke and Bergen. This model predicts listeners will entertain many possible exhausted interpretations of an speech that is a part of the universal FCI Any. This is the reason why the exclusivity implicature is so reliable in comparison to other possible implications.
What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics examines the relationship between language and context. It deals with questions like What do people mean by the terms they use?<br><br>It's a philosophy that is based on practical and sensible action. It contrasts with idealism, which is the belief that one should adhere to their beliefs no matter what.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the ways that language users gain meaning from and each with each other. It is often viewed as a component of language however it differs from semantics in the sense that pragmatics looks at what the user wants to convey rather than what the meaning actually is.<br><br>As a research area the field of pragmatics is relatively new and research in the area has grown rapidly in the last few decades. It has been primarily an academic field of study within linguistics, however it also has an impact on research in other fields like psychology, speech-language pathology, sociolinguistics, and anthropology.<br><br>There are many different perspectives on pragmatics, and they have contributed to its growth and development. One example is the Gricean approach to pragmatics that focuses on the concept of intention and how it relates to the speaker's knowledge of the listener's understanding. Other perspectives on pragmatics include lexical and conceptual approaches to pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the variety of topics that researchers in pragmatics have studied.<br><br>The study of pragmatics has been focused on a wide range of subjects such as L2 pragmatic understanding and production of requests by EFL learners,  [https://flowerattack6.bravejournal.net/watch-out-how-pragmatic-free-is-taking-over-and-what-can-we-do-about-it 프라그마틱 슬롯 체험] and the role of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It has been applied to cultural and social phenomena such as political discourse, discriminatory speech, and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers have also used diverse methodologies that range from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>Figure 9A-C shows that the size of the knowledge base for pragmatics varies according to the database utilized. The US and UK are two of the top producers in pragmatics research. However, their position is dependent on the database. This is due to pragmatics being an interconnected field that connects other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to rank the top authors of pragmatics according to their number of publications alone. However, it is possible to determine the most influential authors through analyzing their contributions to pragmatics. Bambini is one example. He has contributed to pragmatics through concepts like politeness theories and conversational implicititure. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also influential authors of the field of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and users of language than it is with truth, reference, or grammar. It examines the ways that an expression can be understood to mean various things depending on the context as well as those triggered by indexicality or ambiguity. It also focuses on the strategies used by listeners to determine if utterances have a communicative intent. It is closely linked to the theory of conversational implicature, which was developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>While the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is a well-known and long-established one, there is a lot of debate regarding the exact boundaries of these fields. For instance some philosophers have claimed that the notion of a sentence meaning is an aspect of semantics. Others have argued that this type of thing should be viewed as a pragmatic problem.<br><br>Another controversy concerns whether pragmatics is a branch of philosophy of languages or a part of the study of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is a subject in its own right and should be treated as a distinct part of linguistics alongside phonology, syntax semantics, etc. Others, however have argued the study of pragmatics is a component of philosophy since it examines how our notions of the meaning and use of languages influence our theories on how languages work.<br><br>There are several key aspects of the study of pragmatics that have fueled many of the debates. For instance, some researchers have claimed that pragmatics isn't a discipline in and of itself because it examines the ways people interpret and use language without referring to any facts about what is actually being said. This type of method is known as far-side pragmatics. Others, however, have argued that the study should be considered a discipline in its own right, since it examines the manner in which the meaning and use of language is dependent on cultural and social factors. This is called near-side pragmatism.<br><br>The field of pragmatics also discusses the inferential nature of utterances as well as the significance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining the meaning of what a speaker is expressing in the sentence. These are issues that are more thoroughly discussed in the papers by Recanati and Bach. Both papers explore the notions saturation and [https://opensourcebridge.science/wiki/A_Brief_History_Of_Pragmatic_Slots_Site_In_10_Milestones 프라그마틱 슬롯 팁] free enrichment in the context of a pragmatic. These are important pragmatic processes that influence the overall meaning an utterance.<br><br>What is the difference between free and explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the role that context plays to the meaning of a language. It analyzes how human language is used in social interactions, and the relationship between the speaker and the interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists that focus on pragmatics.<br><br>Many different theories of pragmatics have been developed over time. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, concentrate on the communication intention of a speaker. Others, like Relevance Theory are focused on the understanding processes that occur during utterance interpretation by listeners. Some pragmatics theories are merged with other disciplines, such as philosophy and cognitive science.<br><br>There are also different views on the borderline between semantics and pragmatics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that semantics and pragmatism are two different topics. He argues semantics concerns the relationship of signs to objects they may or may not refer to, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in a context.<br><br>Other philosophers, such as Bach and Harnish have suggested that pragmatism is an subfield within semantics. They distinguish between "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concentrates on what is said, while far-side pragmatics is focused on the logical consequences of saying something. They believe that some of the 'pragmatics' of the words spoken are already determined by semantics, while other 'pragmatics' are determined by the pragmatic processes of inference.<br><br>The context is one of the most important aspects in pragmatics. This means that the same phrase could have different meanings in different contexts, [https://clinfowiki.win/wiki/Post:The_Top_Pragmatic_Experts_Are_Doing_Three_Things 프라그마틱 카지노] 무료 슬롯버프 ([https://barbour-salling-2.hubstack.net/the-advanced-guide-to-pragmatic-kr/ barbour-salling-2.Hubstack.Net]) based on factors such as ambiguity and indexicality. Other things that can change the meaning of an utterance are the structure of the speech, the speaker's intentions and beliefs, as well as expectations of the listener.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is its cultural specificity. This is because each culture has its own rules about what is appropriate in different situations. For example, it is polite in some cultures to look at each other while it is rude in other cultures.<br><br>There are a variety of views of pragmatics, and a lot of research is being conducted in this field. There are many different areas of study, including computational and formal pragmatics, theoretical and experimental pragmatics, cross and intercultural pragmatics of language,  [https://fkwiki.win/wiki/Post:Its_The_Complete_Cheat_Sheet_On_Pragmatic_Casino 프라그마틱 슬롯 하는법] as well as pragmatics in the clinical and experimental sense.<br><br>How is Free Pragmatics Similar to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics in linguistics is concerned with how meaning is conveyed through language use in context. It is less concerned with the grammatical structure of the spoken word and more on what the speaker is saying. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are called pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics has a connection to other areas of the study of linguistics like syntax and semantics, or the philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years the field of pragmatics expanded in many directions. These include computational linguistics and conversational pragmatics. There is a broad range of research conducted in these areas, which address issues such as the significance of lexical characteristics, the interaction between language and discourse and the nature of the concept of meaning.<br><br>One of the main issues in the philosophical discussion of pragmatics is whether or not it is possible to have an accurate, systematic understanding of the pragmatics/semantics interface. Some philosophers have argued it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have claimed that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is unclear and that semantics and pragmatics are in fact the same thing.<br><br>It is not uncommon for scholars to go back and forth between these two positions and argue that certain phenomena are either pragmatics or semantics. Some scholars argue that if a statement is interpreted with a literal truth conditional meaning, it is semantics. Others argue that the fact that a statement can be interpreted differently is pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have taken an alternative route. They claim that the truth-conditional interpretation of a sentence is just one of many possible interpretations and that all of them are valid. This is commonly called far-side pragmatics.<br><br>Recent work in pragmatics has tried to integrate semantic and far side approaches. It tries to capture the full range of interpretational possibilities that can be derived from a speaker's words, by modeling how the speaker's beliefs and intentions influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine the Gricean game theory model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technical innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will entertain many possible exhausted parses of an utterance that contains the universal FCI Any, and [https://pediascape.science/wiki/How_Can_A_Weekly_Pragmatic_Slot_Experience_Project_Can_Change_Your_Life 프라그마틱 게임] that is the reason why the exclusiveness implicature is so robust when compared to other plausible implications.

Revision as of 08:17, 19 January 2025

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics examines the relationship between language and context. It deals with questions like What do people mean by the terms they use?

It's a philosophy that is based on practical and sensible action. It contrasts with idealism, which is the belief that one should adhere to their beliefs no matter what.

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of the ways that language users gain meaning from and each with each other. It is often viewed as a component of language however it differs from semantics in the sense that pragmatics looks at what the user wants to convey rather than what the meaning actually is.

As a research area the field of pragmatics is relatively new and research in the area has grown rapidly in the last few decades. It has been primarily an academic field of study within linguistics, however it also has an impact on research in other fields like psychology, speech-language pathology, sociolinguistics, and anthropology.

There are many different perspectives on pragmatics, and they have contributed to its growth and development. One example is the Gricean approach to pragmatics that focuses on the concept of intention and how it relates to the speaker's knowledge of the listener's understanding. Other perspectives on pragmatics include lexical and conceptual approaches to pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the variety of topics that researchers in pragmatics have studied.

The study of pragmatics has been focused on a wide range of subjects such as L2 pragmatic understanding and production of requests by EFL learners, 프라그마틱 슬롯 체험 and the role of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It has been applied to cultural and social phenomena such as political discourse, discriminatory speech, and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers have also used diverse methodologies that range from experimental to sociocultural.

Figure 9A-C shows that the size of the knowledge base for pragmatics varies according to the database utilized. The US and UK are two of the top producers in pragmatics research. However, their position is dependent on the database. This is due to pragmatics being an interconnected field that connects other disciplines.

This makes it difficult to rank the top authors of pragmatics according to their number of publications alone. However, it is possible to determine the most influential authors through analyzing their contributions to pragmatics. Bambini is one example. He has contributed to pragmatics through concepts like politeness theories and conversational implicititure. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also influential authors of the field of pragmatics.

What is Free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and users of language than it is with truth, reference, or grammar. It examines the ways that an expression can be understood to mean various things depending on the context as well as those triggered by indexicality or ambiguity. It also focuses on the strategies used by listeners to determine if utterances have a communicative intent. It is closely linked to the theory of conversational implicature, which was developed by Paul Grice.

While the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is a well-known and long-established one, there is a lot of debate regarding the exact boundaries of these fields. For instance some philosophers have claimed that the notion of a sentence meaning is an aspect of semantics. Others have argued that this type of thing should be viewed as a pragmatic problem.

Another controversy concerns whether pragmatics is a branch of philosophy of languages or a part of the study of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is a subject in its own right and should be treated as a distinct part of linguistics alongside phonology, syntax semantics, etc. Others, however have argued the study of pragmatics is a component of philosophy since it examines how our notions of the meaning and use of languages influence our theories on how languages work.

There are several key aspects of the study of pragmatics that have fueled many of the debates. For instance, some researchers have claimed that pragmatics isn't a discipline in and of itself because it examines the ways people interpret and use language without referring to any facts about what is actually being said. This type of method is known as far-side pragmatics. Others, however, have argued that the study should be considered a discipline in its own right, since it examines the manner in which the meaning and use of language is dependent on cultural and social factors. This is called near-side pragmatism.

The field of pragmatics also discusses the inferential nature of utterances as well as the significance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining the meaning of what a speaker is expressing in the sentence. These are issues that are more thoroughly discussed in the papers by Recanati and Bach. Both papers explore the notions saturation and 프라그마틱 슬롯 팁 free enrichment in the context of a pragmatic. These are important pragmatic processes that influence the overall meaning an utterance.

What is the difference between free and explanatory Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of the role that context plays to the meaning of a language. It analyzes how human language is used in social interactions, and the relationship between the speaker and the interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists that focus on pragmatics.

Many different theories of pragmatics have been developed over time. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, concentrate on the communication intention of a speaker. Others, like Relevance Theory are focused on the understanding processes that occur during utterance interpretation by listeners. Some pragmatics theories are merged with other disciplines, such as philosophy and cognitive science.

There are also different views on the borderline between semantics and pragmatics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that semantics and pragmatism are two different topics. He argues semantics concerns the relationship of signs to objects they may or may not refer to, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in a context.

Other philosophers, such as Bach and Harnish have suggested that pragmatism is an subfield within semantics. They distinguish between "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concentrates on what is said, while far-side pragmatics is focused on the logical consequences of saying something. They believe that some of the 'pragmatics' of the words spoken are already determined by semantics, while other 'pragmatics' are determined by the pragmatic processes of inference.

The context is one of the most important aspects in pragmatics. This means that the same phrase could have different meanings in different contexts, 프라그마틱 카지노 무료 슬롯버프 (barbour-salling-2.Hubstack.Net) based on factors such as ambiguity and indexicality. Other things that can change the meaning of an utterance are the structure of the speech, the speaker's intentions and beliefs, as well as expectations of the listener.

Another aspect of pragmatics is its cultural specificity. This is because each culture has its own rules about what is appropriate in different situations. For example, it is polite in some cultures to look at each other while it is rude in other cultures.

There are a variety of views of pragmatics, and a lot of research is being conducted in this field. There are many different areas of study, including computational and formal pragmatics, theoretical and experimental pragmatics, cross and intercultural pragmatics of language, 프라그마틱 슬롯 하는법 as well as pragmatics in the clinical and experimental sense.

How is Free Pragmatics Similar to Explanatory Pragmatics?

The discipline of pragmatics in linguistics is concerned with how meaning is conveyed through language use in context. It is less concerned with the grammatical structure of the spoken word and more on what the speaker is saying. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are called pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics has a connection to other areas of the study of linguistics like syntax and semantics, or the philosophy of language.

In recent years the field of pragmatics expanded in many directions. These include computational linguistics and conversational pragmatics. There is a broad range of research conducted in these areas, which address issues such as the significance of lexical characteristics, the interaction between language and discourse and the nature of the concept of meaning.

One of the main issues in the philosophical discussion of pragmatics is whether or not it is possible to have an accurate, systematic understanding of the pragmatics/semantics interface. Some philosophers have argued it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have claimed that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is unclear and that semantics and pragmatics are in fact the same thing.

It is not uncommon for scholars to go back and forth between these two positions and argue that certain phenomena are either pragmatics or semantics. Some scholars argue that if a statement is interpreted with a literal truth conditional meaning, it is semantics. Others argue that the fact that a statement can be interpreted differently is pragmatics.

Other pragmatics researchers have taken an alternative route. They claim that the truth-conditional interpretation of a sentence is just one of many possible interpretations and that all of them are valid. This is commonly called far-side pragmatics.

Recent work in pragmatics has tried to integrate semantic and far side approaches. It tries to capture the full range of interpretational possibilities that can be derived from a speaker's words, by modeling how the speaker's beliefs and intentions influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine the Gricean game theory model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technical innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). The model predicts that listeners will entertain many possible exhausted parses of an utterance that contains the universal FCI Any, and 프라그마틱 게임 that is the reason why the exclusiveness implicature is so robust when compared to other plausible implications.