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What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the connection between context, language and meaning. It deals with questions like what do people mean by the terms they use?<br><br>It's a philosophy that focuses on practical and reasonable actions. It contrasts with idealism, which is the belief that one should adhere to their principles regardless of what.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of ways that language users gain meaning from and each with each other. It is often thought of as a part or language, but it differs from semantics in that it is focused on what the user is trying to communicate,  [https://historydb.date/wiki/Pragmatic_Genuine_The_Secret_Life_Of_Pragmatic_Genuine 프라그마틱 플레이] not what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a research field the field of pragmatics is still relatively new and its research has expanded quickly in the past few decades. It is a linguistics academic field but it has also had an impact on research in other fields such as psychology, sociolinguistics, and anthropology.<br><br>There are many different methods of pragmatics that have contributed to the development and growth of this discipline. One example is the Gricean approach to pragmatics, that focuses on the concept of intention and how it relates to the speaker's comprehension of the listener's. Other perspectives on pragmatics include the conceptual and lexical approaches to pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the diversity of topics that researchers in pragmatics have researched.<br><br>The research in pragmatics has covered a vast range of subjects, including pragmatic understanding in L2 and request production by EFL students, and the role of the theory of mind in physical and mental metaphors. It has also been applied to social and cultural phenomena, like political discourse, discriminatory language, and [https://elearnportal.science/wiki/15_Incredible_Stats_About_Pragmatic_Kr 프라그마틱 슬롯 추천] interpersonal communication. Researchers studying pragmatics have employed various methods from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>The size of the knowledge base in pragmatics is different according to the database used, as shown in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are two of the top contributors in the field of pragmatics research. However, their ranking is dependent on the database. This is because pragmatics is an interconnected field that connects other disciplines.<br><br>It is therefore hard to classify the top pragmatics authors according to the quantity of their publications. It is possible to determine influential authors based on their contributions to the field of pragmatics. For instance Bambini's contribution in pragmatics has led to concepts like conversational implicature and politeness theory. Other authors who have been influential in pragmatics include Grice, Saul and Kasper.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics focuses on the users and contexts of language usage, rather than on reference, truth, or grammar. It examines how a single phrase can be interpreted differently in different contexts. This includes ambiguity and indexicality. It also focuses on the methods that listeners employ to determine which phrases are intended to be communicated. It is closely linked to the theory of conversative implicature which was developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines are a matter of debate. While the distinction between these two disciplines is widely known, it isn't always clear where the lines should be drawn. Some philosophers argue that the notion of meaning of sentences is a component of semantics, whereas others claim that this type of problem should be treated as pragmatic.<br><br>Another issue is whether pragmatics is a branch of philosophy of language or a branch of the study of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have argued that pragmatics is a discipline in its own right and should be treated as distinct from the field of linguistics along with syntax, phonology, semantics and more. Others have suggested the study of pragmatics is a part of philosophy since it deals with how our notions of the meaning and [http://brewwiki.win/wiki/Post:Five_Pragmatic_Return_Rate_Lessons_From_The_Professionals 프라그마틱 슬롯] 게임; [https://mozillabd.science/wiki/The_Reasons_Why_Adding_A_Pragmatic_Slots_Site_To_Your_Life_Will_Make_All_The_The_Difference browse this site], use of languages influence our theories on how languages work.<br><br>This debate has been fueled by a handful of issues that are fundamental to the study of pragmatics. For example, some scholars have claimed that pragmatics isn't a discipline in and of itself because it studies the ways in which people interpret and use language without necessarily using any data regarding what is actually being said. This kind of approach is referred to as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that this field should be considered as an independent discipline since it studies the ways that cultural and social influences influence the meaning and use language. This is known as near-side pragmatics.<br><br>The field of pragmatics also discusses the inferential nature of utterances and the significance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker is saying in the sentence. Recanati and Bach examine these issues in more in depth. Both of these papers discuss the notions of saturation as well as free pragmatic enrichment. Both are significant pragmatic processes in that they aid in shaping the meaning of a statement.<br><br>What is the difference between explanatory and free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics focuses on how context affects linguistic meaning. It studies the way that humans use language in social interaction as well as the relationship between the speaker and interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists who focus in pragmatics.<br><br>A variety of theories of pragmatics have been developed over the years. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, focus on the intention of communication of the speaker. Relevance Theory, for example, focuses on the processes of understanding that take place when listeners interpret the meaning of utterances. Certain pragmatic approaches have been incorporated together with other disciplines such as philosophy or cognitive science.<br><br>There are also a variety of views about the line between semantics and pragmatics. Certain philosophers, such as Morris, believe that pragmatics and semantics are two distinct topics. He says that semantics deals with the relation of words to objects they may or may not denote, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of the words in context.<br><br>Other philosophers, including Bach and Harnish have also argued that pragmatics is a subfield within semantics. They distinguish between 'nearside and 'far-side' pragmatism. Near-side pragmatics focuses on what is said while far-side is focused on the logical implications of uttering a phrase. They believe that some of the 'pragmatics' in an expression are already determined by semantics while other 'pragmatics' are determined by pragmatic processes of inference.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is a context-dependent phenomenon. This means that the same utterance can have different meanings in different contexts, based on factors such as indexicality and ambiguity. The structure of the conversation, the beliefs of the speaker and intentions, as well listener expectations can also change the meaning of a phrase.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is culture-specific. This is due to different cultures having different rules for what is appropriate to say in different situations. In certain cultures, it's polite to keep eye contact. In other cultures, it's rude.<br><br>There are various perspectives on pragmatics, and a lot of research is being conducted in this area. There are a variety of areas of study, including pragmatics that are computational and formal, theoretical and experimental pragmatics, cross and intercultural pragmatics in linguistics, and pragmatics that are experimental and clinical.<br><br>What is the relationship between Free Pragmatics and  [https://wifidb.science/wiki/20_Trailblazers_Leading_The_Way_In_Pragmatic_Korea 프라그마틱 슈가러쉬] to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics is concerned with how meaning is conveyed by the language in a context. It focuses less on the grammatical structure of an speech and more on what the speaker is saying. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are known as pragmaticians. The topic of pragmatics is connected to other areas of linguistics, such as syntax, semantics, and philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent times the field of pragmatics has evolved in a variety of directions. This includes conversational pragmatics and [https://canvas.instructure.com/eportfolios/3395005/home/the-reasons-you-shouldnt-think-about-improving-your-pragmatic-free-slots 프라그마틱 무료체험 슬롯버프] computational linguistics. There is a wide range of research in these areas, addressing topics like the importance of lexical characteristics and the interaction between language and discourse, and the nature of meaning itself.<br><br>One of the main questions in the philosophical discussion of pragmatics is whether it is possible to develop an accurate, systematic understanding of the pragmatics/semantics interface. Some philosophers have claimed that it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is not well-defined, and that they are the same thing.<br><br>The debate over these positions is usually a back and forth affair scholars argue that certain instances fall under the rubric of either pragmatics or semantics. For instance, some scholars argue that if an expression has the literal truth-conditional meaning, it is semantics, while others believe that the fact that an utterance could be interpreted in different ways is a sign of pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have taken an alternative approach. They argue that the truth-conditional interpretation of a sentence is just one of many possible interpretations and that all interpretations are valid. This approach is often referred to as "far-side pragmatics".<br><br>Recent work in pragmatics has attempted to combine both approaches trying to understand the entire range of possibilities for interpretation of a utterance by modeling how a speaker's beliefs and intentions influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine the Gricean game theory model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technical innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). This model predicts that the listeners will be able to consider a variety of possible exhaustified parses of an utterance containing the universal FCI any and this is what makes the exclusivity implicature so robust as in comparison to other possible implicatures.
What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the relationship between language, context and meaning. It deals with questions like What do people mean by the words they use?<br><br>It's a philosophy that focuses on sensible and practical actions. It contrasts with idealism which is the idea that one should adhere to their principles no matter what.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics examines how language users communicate and interact with each with one another. It is often viewed as a component of language however it differs from semantics in that pragmatics looks at what the user is trying to convey rather than what the meaning actually is.<br><br>As a research field the field of pragmatics is relatively new and research in the area has grown rapidly in the last few decades. It has been primarily an academic field of study within linguistics, however it also has an impact on research in other fields, [https://telegra.ph/15-Pragmatic-Slot-Manipulation-Benefits-Everyone-Needs-To-Be-Able-To-09-18 라이브 카지노] such as speech-language pathology, psychology, sociolinguistics, and anthropology.<br><br>There are a variety of approaches to pragmatics that have contributed to the development and growth of this discipline. For example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics, that focuses on the concept of intention and how it interacts with the speaker's understanding of the listener's. Conceptual and lexical strategies for  [https://bookmarkfeeds.stream/story.php?title=why-pragmatic-free-trial-meta-may-be-a-lot-more-hazardous-than-you-thought 프라그마틱 슬롯 체험] 체험; [https://www.google.ki/url?q=https://wu-yde.blogbright.net/how-to-save-money-on-pragmatickr-1726626526 www.Google.ki], pragmatics are also views on the subject. These perspectives have contributed to the variety of subjects that pragmatics researchers have researched.<br><br>The research in pragmatics has covered a broad range of subjects, including pragmatic understanding in L2 and request production by EFL students, and the significance of the theory of mind in physical and mental metaphors. It has been applied to social and cultural phenomena such as political speech, discriminatory speech, and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers have also used various methods from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>The size of the knowledge base in pragmatics varies according to the database, as illustrated in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are two of the top contributors in research on pragmatics. However, their rank is dependent on the database. This is because pragmatics is multidisciplinary and interspersed with other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to rank the top authors of pragmatics according to the number of publications they have. It is possible to determine influential authors by examining their contributions to the field of pragmatics. For example Bambini's contribution to the field of pragmatics includes pioneering concepts such as conversational implicature, and politeness theory. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are the most influential authors of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and users of language as opposed to the study of truth grammar, reference, or. It focuses on how a single utterance may be understood differently in different contexts. This includes ambiguity as well as indexicality. It also focuses primarily on the strategies used by listeners to determine whether words have a meaning that is communicative. It is closely linked to the theory of conversative implicature which was first developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>While the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is a well-known and long-established one, there is much debate about the precise boundaries of these disciplines. Some philosophers argue that the notion of meaning of sentences is a component of semantics, whereas others claim that this type of problem should be treated as pragmatic.<br><br>Another area of controversy is whether the study of pragmatics should be considered an linguistics-related branch or a part of the philosophy of language. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is an independent discipline and should be treated as part of linguistics along with phonology. syntax, semantics, etc. Others, however, have claimed that the study of pragmatics should be viewed as part of the philosophy of language because it examines the ways in which our ideas about the meaning and use of language influence our theories about how languages work.<br><br>The debate has been fuelled by a few key questions that are essential to the study of pragmatics. Some scholars have suggested for instance, that pragmatics isn't a subject in and of itself since it studies how people interpret and use language without necessarily referring to the actual facts about what was said. This type of approach is referred to as far-side pragmatics. Others, however, have argued that the study should be considered a discipline in its own right because it examines the ways in which the meaning and usage of language is influenced by social and cultural factors. This is called near-side pragmatism.<br><br>The field of pragmatics also focuses on the inferential nature of utterances as well as the importance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker means in the sentence. These are the issues addressed in greater detail in the papers of Recanati and Bach. Both of these papers discuss the notions of saturation as well as free pragmatic enrichment. Both are crucial pragmatic processes in the sense that they shape the meaning of an utterance.<br><br>How is Free Pragmatics Different from Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of how context contributes to linguistic meaning. It studies the way that the human language is utilized in social interaction and the relationship between the speaker and interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists that focus on pragmatics.<br><br>Over the years, a variety of theories of pragmatism have been proposed. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, concentrate on the intention of communication of a speaker. Relevance Theory, for example is a study of the processes of understanding that take place when listeners interpret utterances. Some pragmatics theories have been merged with other disciplines, such as philosophy and cognitive science.<br><br>There are also a variety of views on the borderline between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers, such as Morris believes that pragmatics and semantics are two separate topics. He says that semantics deal with the relation of words to objects which they may or not denote, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in context.<br><br>Other philosophers, such as Bach and Harnish have claimed that pragmatism is a subfield within semantics. They distinguish between 'nearside and far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics focuses on what is said, whereas far-side focuses on the logic implications of a statement. They claim that semantics is already determining the logical implications of an expression, whereas other pragmatics are determined by the pragmatic processes.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is a context-dependent phenomenon. This means that the same phrase could have different meanings in different contexts, depending on things like ambiguity and indexicality. Discourse structure, beliefs of the speaker and intentions, as well expectations of the listener can alter the meaning of a word.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is a matter of culture. This is due to different cultures having different rules for what is appropriate to say in different situations. For example, it is polite in some cultures to make eye contact however it is not acceptable in other cultures.<br><br>There are numerous perspectives on pragmatics and [https://instapages.stream/story.php?title=15-fun-and-wacky-hobbies-thatll-make-you-better-at-pragmatickr 프라그마틱 플레이] much research is being conducted in this field. Some of the main areas of study are formal and computational pragmatics; theoretical and experimental pragmatics; intercultural and [https://www.google.co.ck/url?q=https://blogfreely.net/copperdance7/five-tools-that-everyone-is-in-the-pragmatickr-industry-should-be-making-use-of 프라그마틱 환수율] 사이트 ([https://infozillon.com/user/orchidvise9/ your domain name]) cross-linguistic pragmatics; as well as clinical and experimental pragmatics.<br><br>How does free Pragmatics compare to explanation Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics in linguistics is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed by language use in context. It analyzes how the speaker's intentions and beliefs contribute to interpretation, and focuses less on the grammatical aspects of the speech instead of what is being said. Pragmaticians are linguists that focus in pragmatics. The subject of pragmatics is related to other linguistics areas, like syntax, semantics, and philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years, the field of pragmatics has developed in several different directions such as computational linguistics conversational pragmatics, and theoretical pragmatics. There is a wide range of research that is conducted in these areas, which address issues such as the significance of lexical characteristics as well as the interaction between language and discourse and the nature of meaning itself.<br><br>In the philosophical debate about pragmatism one of the most important questions is whether it's possible to provide a thorough and systematic analysis of the interplay between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers have argued that it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is not clear and that they are the same thing.<br><br>It is not uncommon for scholars to go between these two positions, arguing that certain phenomena are either semantics or pragmatics. For example certain scholars argue that if a statement has an actual truth-conditional meaning, then it is semantics, while other argue that the fact that an expression may be interpreted in various ways is a sign of pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have taken an alternative route. They claim that the truth-conditional interpretation of a statement is just one of many possible interpretations and that they are all valid. This approach is often referred to as "far-side pragmatics".<br><br>Recent research in pragmatics has attempted to integrate semantic and distant side approaches. It tries to capture the entire range of interpretive possibilities for a speaker's utterance, by modeling how the speaker's beliefs and intentions influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. The 2019 version incorporates a Gricean model of the Rational Speech Act framework, and technological advances developed by Franke and Bergen. The model predicts that listeners will entertain many possible exhausted interpretations of an utterance that contains the universal FCI Any, and this is the reason why the exclusivity implicature is so robust in comparison to other possible implications.

Latest revision as of 22:06, 19 January 2025

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of the relationship between language, context and meaning. It deals with questions like What do people mean by the words they use?

It's a philosophy that focuses on sensible and practical actions. It contrasts with idealism which is the idea that one should adhere to their principles no matter what.

What is Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics examines how language users communicate and interact with each with one another. It is often viewed as a component of language however it differs from semantics in that pragmatics looks at what the user is trying to convey rather than what the meaning actually is.

As a research field the field of pragmatics is relatively new and research in the area has grown rapidly in the last few decades. It has been primarily an academic field of study within linguistics, however it also has an impact on research in other fields, 라이브 카지노 such as speech-language pathology, psychology, sociolinguistics, and anthropology.

There are a variety of approaches to pragmatics that have contributed to the development and growth of this discipline. For example, one perspective is the Gricean approach to pragmatics, that focuses on the concept of intention and how it interacts with the speaker's understanding of the listener's. Conceptual and lexical strategies for 프라그마틱 슬롯 체험 체험; www.Google.ki, pragmatics are also views on the subject. These perspectives have contributed to the variety of subjects that pragmatics researchers have researched.

The research in pragmatics has covered a broad range of subjects, including pragmatic understanding in L2 and request production by EFL students, and the significance of the theory of mind in physical and mental metaphors. It has been applied to social and cultural phenomena such as political speech, discriminatory speech, and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers have also used various methods from experimental to sociocultural.

The size of the knowledge base in pragmatics varies according to the database, as illustrated in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are two of the top contributors in research on pragmatics. However, their rank is dependent on the database. This is because pragmatics is multidisciplinary and interspersed with other disciplines.

This makes it difficult to rank the top authors of pragmatics according to the number of publications they have. It is possible to determine influential authors by examining their contributions to the field of pragmatics. For example Bambini's contribution to the field of pragmatics includes pioneering concepts such as conversational implicature, and politeness theory. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are the most influential authors of pragmatics.

What is Free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and users of language as opposed to the study of truth grammar, reference, or. It focuses on how a single utterance may be understood differently in different contexts. This includes ambiguity as well as indexicality. It also focuses primarily on the strategies used by listeners to determine whether words have a meaning that is communicative. It is closely linked to the theory of conversative implicature which was first developed by Paul Grice.

While the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is a well-known and long-established one, there is much debate about the precise boundaries of these disciplines. Some philosophers argue that the notion of meaning of sentences is a component of semantics, whereas others claim that this type of problem should be treated as pragmatic.

Another area of controversy is whether the study of pragmatics should be considered an linguistics-related branch or a part of the philosophy of language. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is an independent discipline and should be treated as part of linguistics along with phonology. syntax, semantics, etc. Others, however, have claimed that the study of pragmatics should be viewed as part of the philosophy of language because it examines the ways in which our ideas about the meaning and use of language influence our theories about how languages work.

The debate has been fuelled by a few key questions that are essential to the study of pragmatics. Some scholars have suggested for instance, that pragmatics isn't a subject in and of itself since it studies how people interpret and use language without necessarily referring to the actual facts about what was said. This type of approach is referred to as far-side pragmatics. Others, however, have argued that the study should be considered a discipline in its own right because it examines the ways in which the meaning and usage of language is influenced by social and cultural factors. This is called near-side pragmatism.

The field of pragmatics also focuses on the inferential nature of utterances as well as the importance of the primary pragmatic processes in determining what a speaker means in the sentence. These are the issues addressed in greater detail in the papers of Recanati and Bach. Both of these papers discuss the notions of saturation as well as free pragmatic enrichment. Both are crucial pragmatic processes in the sense that they shape the meaning of an utterance.

How is Free Pragmatics Different from Explanatory Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of how context contributes to linguistic meaning. It studies the way that the human language is utilized in social interaction and the relationship between the speaker and interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists that focus on pragmatics.

Over the years, a variety of theories of pragmatism have been proposed. Some, like Gricean pragmatics, concentrate on the intention of communication of a speaker. Relevance Theory, for example is a study of the processes of understanding that take place when listeners interpret utterances. Some pragmatics theories have been merged with other disciplines, such as philosophy and cognitive science.

There are also a variety of views on the borderline between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers, such as Morris believes that pragmatics and semantics are two separate topics. He says that semantics deal with the relation of words to objects which they may or not denote, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in context.

Other philosophers, such as Bach and Harnish have claimed that pragmatism is a subfield within semantics. They distinguish between 'nearside and far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics focuses on what is said, whereas far-side focuses on the logic implications of a statement. They claim that semantics is already determining the logical implications of an expression, whereas other pragmatics are determined by the pragmatic processes.

One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is a context-dependent phenomenon. This means that the same phrase could have different meanings in different contexts, depending on things like ambiguity and indexicality. Discourse structure, beliefs of the speaker and intentions, as well expectations of the listener can alter the meaning of a word.

Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is a matter of culture. This is due to different cultures having different rules for what is appropriate to say in different situations. For example, it is polite in some cultures to make eye contact however it is not acceptable in other cultures.

There are numerous perspectives on pragmatics and 프라그마틱 플레이 much research is being conducted in this field. Some of the main areas of study are formal and computational pragmatics; theoretical and experimental pragmatics; intercultural and 프라그마틱 환수율 사이트 (your domain name) cross-linguistic pragmatics; as well as clinical and experimental pragmatics.

How does free Pragmatics compare to explanation Pragmatics?

The discipline of pragmatics in linguistics is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed by language use in context. It analyzes how the speaker's intentions and beliefs contribute to interpretation, and focuses less on the grammatical aspects of the speech instead of what is being said. Pragmaticians are linguists that focus in pragmatics. The subject of pragmatics is related to other linguistics areas, like syntax, semantics, and philosophy of language.

In recent years, the field of pragmatics has developed in several different directions such as computational linguistics conversational pragmatics, and theoretical pragmatics. There is a wide range of research that is conducted in these areas, which address issues such as the significance of lexical characteristics as well as the interaction between language and discourse and the nature of meaning itself.

In the philosophical debate about pragmatism one of the most important questions is whether it's possible to provide a thorough and systematic analysis of the interplay between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers have argued that it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is not clear and that they are the same thing.

It is not uncommon for scholars to go between these two positions, arguing that certain phenomena are either semantics or pragmatics. For example certain scholars argue that if a statement has an actual truth-conditional meaning, then it is semantics, while other argue that the fact that an expression may be interpreted in various ways is a sign of pragmatics.

Other pragmatics researchers have taken an alternative route. They claim that the truth-conditional interpretation of a statement is just one of many possible interpretations and that they are all valid. This approach is often referred to as "far-side pragmatics".

Recent research in pragmatics has attempted to integrate semantic and distant side approaches. It tries to capture the entire range of interpretive possibilities for a speaker's utterance, by modeling how the speaker's beliefs and intentions influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. The 2019 version incorporates a Gricean model of the Rational Speech Act framework, and technological advances developed by Franke and Bergen. The model predicts that listeners will entertain many possible exhausted interpretations of an utterance that contains the universal FCI Any, and this is the reason why the exclusivity implicature is so robust in comparison to other possible implications.