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What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is a study of the connection between language and context. It poses questions such as: What do people really mean when they use words?<br><br>It's a philosophy that is based on practical and reasonable actions. It's in contrast to idealism, the notion that you must abide to your beliefs.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics examines how language users communicate and interact with each and with each other. It is often seen as a part or language, but it is different from semantics since it focuses on what the user is trying to communicate, not on what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a field of research it is still young and its research has expanded rapidly in the last few decades. It has been mostly an academic field of study within linguistics, however it also has an impact on research in other fields such as speech-language pathology, psychology sociolinguistics, and the study of anthropology.<br><br>There are a variety of approaches to pragmatics that have contributed to the development and growth of this discipline. One perspective is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which is based primarily on the notion of intention and its interaction with the speaker's understanding of the listener's comprehension. Other perspectives on pragmatics include conceptual and lexical aspects of pragmatics. These views have contributed to the diversity of subjects that pragmatics researchers have studied.<br><br>Research in pragmatics has been focused on a variety of subjects such as L2 pragmatic understanding, request production by EFL learners and the role of theory of mind in physical and mental metaphors. It is also applied to cultural and social phenomena, including political discourse, discriminatory language, and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers also have employed a variety of methodologies, from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>Figure 9A-C shows that the size of the knowledge base on pragmatics is different depending on which database is utilized. The US and the UK are among the top contributors to pragmatics research, but their rankings differ by database. This is due to pragmatics being a multidisciplinary area that intersects other disciplines.<br><br>It is therefore difficult to determine the top pragmatics authors by the number of their publications. However, it is possible to identify the most influential authors by examining their contributions to the field of pragmatics. Bambini, for example, has contributed to pragmatics with concepts like conversational implicititure and politeness theories. Other authors who have been influential in the field of pragmatics are Grice, Saul and Kasper.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and the users of language rather than with truth or reference, or grammar. It examines the ways that an phrase can be interpreted as meaning different things from different contexts as well as those triggered by indexicality or ambiguity. It also focuses on strategies that listeners employ to determine whether utterances are intended to be communicative. It is closely related to the theory of conversational implicature, which was developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines are a matter of debate. While the distinction between these two disciplines is well-known, it is not always clear where the lines should be drawn. For instance philosophers have suggested that the concept of sentence's meaning is a part of semantics while others have claimed that this sort of thing should be viewed as a pragmatic issue.<br><br>Another controversy concerns whether pragmatics is a subfield of philosophy of languages or a branch of the study of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have argued pragmatics is an independent discipline and should be treated as part of linguistics, along with phonology. syntax, semantics etc. Others have suggested the study of pragmatics is an aspect of philosophy because it deals with the way in which our beliefs about the meaning of language and how it is used influence our theories about how languages work.<br><br>The debate has been fuelled by a number of key issues that are central to the study of pragmatism. Some scholars have argued for instance, that pragmatics isn't an academic discipline in and of itself since it studies how people perceive and use the language,  [https://campos-berry-3.hubstack.net/whats-the-point-of-nobody-caring-about-pragmatic-slots-experience/ 프라그마틱 이미지] without necessarily referring to facts about what actually was said. This sort of approach is called far-side pragmatics. Some scholars, however have argued that this research ought to be considered a discipline of its own because it studies how social and cultural influences affect the meaning and usage of language. This is referred to as near-side pragmatics.<br><br>Other areas of discussion in pragmatics are the ways we think about the nature of the utterance interpretation process as an inferential process and the role that primary pragmatic processes play in the determination of what is being said by a speaker in a given sentence. These are issues that are more thoroughly discussed in the papers of Recanati and Bach. Both of these papers discuss the notions of saturation as well as free pragmatic enrichment, which are crucial pragmatic processes in the sense that they aid in shaping the meaning of an utterance.<br><br>What is the difference between Free Pragmatics and from Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics focuses on how context affects linguistic meaning. It examines how language is used in social interaction, and the relationship between the speaker and the interpreter. Pragmaticians are linguists that focus on pragmatics.<br><br>Many different theories of pragmatics have been developed over the years. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, focus on the intention of communication of a speaker. Relevance Theory for instance, focuses on the processes of understanding that take place when listeners interpret the meaning of utterances. Some pragmatic approaches have been incorporated with other disciplines like cognitive science or philosophy.<br><br>There are also differing views on the borderline of pragmatics and semantics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that pragmatics and semantics are two different topics. He argues that semantics is concerned with the relationship between signs and objects they could or might not represent, while pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in the context.<br><br>Other philosophers, including Bach and Harnish, have argued that pragmatics is a subfield within semantics. They distinguish between "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concentrates on what is said, while far-side pragmatics focuses on the logical implications of saying something. They argue that a portion of the 'pragmatics' that accompany an expression are already determined by semantics, while the rest is determined by pragmatic processes of inference.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is a context-dependent phenomenon. This means that a single utterance could have different meanings based on factors such as ambiguity or indexicality. Discourse structure, beliefs of the speaker and intentions, as well as expectations of the listener can alter the meaning of a phrase.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is its particularity to the culture. This is because different cultures have their own rules regarding what is appropriate to say in different situations. For example, it is acceptable in certain cultures to make eye contact however it is not acceptable in other cultures.<br><br>There are many different views of pragmatics, and a great deal of research is being done in the field. The main areas of study are computational and formal pragmatics theoretic and experimental pragmatics; cross-linguistic and intercultural pragmatics; and pragmatics that are experimental and  [https://images.google.com.sv/url?q=https://lehmann-hertz.federatedjournals.com/what-the-10-most-stupid-pragmatic-sugar-rush-failures-of-all-time-could-have-been-prevented 프라그마틱 카지노] [https://tagoverflow.stream/story.php?title=what-is-the-heck-is-pragmatic-free-slots 프라그마틱 슬롯 팁] 하는법 ([https://wikimapia.org/external_link?url=http://nutris.net/members/eggnogbottom1/activity/1819275/ Https://Wikimapia.Org]) clinical.<br><br>What is the relationship between Free Pragmatics and to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed by the language in a context. It evaluates the way in which the speaker's intentions and beliefs influence interpretation, and focuses less on grammatical features of the utterance than on what is said. Pragmaticians are linguists who focus in pragmatics. The subject of pragmatics is closely related to other linguistics areas, such as syntax, semantics, [https://itkvariat.com/user/letterhandle84/ 프라그마틱 슬롯 추천] and the philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent times the field of pragmatics has evolved in a variety of directions. These include computational linguistics as well as conversational pragmatics. There is a wide range of research that is conducted in these areas, addressing topics such as the significance of lexical features as well as the interaction between language and discourse and the nature of the concept of meaning.<br><br>One of the most important questions in the philosophical discussion of pragmatics is whether it is possible to provide an accurate, systematic understanding of the semantics/pragmatics interface. Some philosophers have claimed that it's not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between pragmatics and semantics is not well-defined and that they are the same thing.<br><br>The debate between these positions is often a back and forth affair scholars argue that certain phenomena fall under the umbrella of semantics or pragmatics. For example, some scholars argue that if an expression has an actual truth-conditional meaning, then it is semantics. On the other hand, other argue that the fact that an expression may be interpreted in various ways is pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have taken an alternative approach. They argue that the truth-conditional interpretation of a sentence is just one of many possible interpretations, and that all interpretations are valid. This is often described as "far-side pragmatics".<br><br>Recent work in pragmatics has sought to integrate semantic and far-side approaches, attempting to capture the entire range of possibilities of an utterance's interpretation by describing how a speaker's intentions and beliefs influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine the Gricean game theory model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). This model predicts that the listeners will entertain a variety of possible exhaustified versions of a speech that contains the universal FCI any and this is what makes the exclusiveness implicature so robust as in comparison to other possible implicatures.
What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the connection between context, language and meaning. It asks questions like: What do people really mean when they use words?<br><br>It's a philosophy that is focused on practical and reasonable actions. It is in contrast to idealism which is the belief that one should adhere to their principles regardless of the circumstances.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is the way that language users communicate and interact with each other. It is typically thought of as a part of the language however, it differs from semantics in the sense that pragmatics examines what the user is trying to convey, not what the actual meaning is.<br><br>As a research field, pragmatics is relatively new, and its research has been growing rapidly over the past few decades. It has been primarily an academic field of study within linguistics, however it also has an impact on research in other fields such as speech-language pathology, psychology sociolinguistics, and the study of anthropology.<br><br>There are many different perspectives on pragmatics, which have contributed to its growth and development. One is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which is based primarily on the notions of intention and the interaction with the speaker's knowledge of the listener's understanding. Other perspectives on pragmatics include the lexical and conceptual approaches to pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the wide range of subjects that pragmatics researchers have investigated.<br><br>The study of pragmatics has covered a broad range of subjects, including L2 pragmatic comprehension and request production by EFL students, as well as the role of the theory of mind in physical and mental metaphors. It has been applied to social and cultural phenomena like political speech, discriminatory speech, and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers also have employed diverse methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>The amount of knowledge base in pragmatics is different by database, as shown in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are among the top researchers in pragmatics research, however their positions differ based on the database. This difference is due to the fact that pragmatics is an interconnected field that is inextricably linked with other disciplines.<br><br>It is therefore difficult to rank the top authors in pragmatics solely by the quantity of their publications. It is possible to identify influential authors based on their contributions to pragmatics. Bambini is one example. He has contributed to pragmatics through concepts like conversational implicititure and politeness theories. Other authors who have been influential in pragmatics include Grice, Saul and Kasper.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics focuses on the users and contexts of language use, rather than on reference, truth, or grammar. It examines how a single utterance may be understood differently in different contexts. This includes ambiguity as well as indexicality. It also focuses primarily on the strategies employed by listeners to determine if words have a meaning that is communicative. It is closely linked to the theory of conversative implicature, which was first developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines are a subject of debate. While the distinction between these two disciplines is well-known, it is not always clear where they should be drawn. For example some philosophers have claimed that the notion of a sentence's meaning is a part of semantics while others have claimed that this sort of thing should be treated as a pragmatic problem.<br><br>Another issue is whether pragmatics is a branch of philosophy of languages or a subset of the study of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is a subject in its distinct from the other disciplines and should be considered a distinct part of the field of linguistics, alongside syntax, phonology semantics and so on. Others have suggested the study of pragmatics is an aspect of philosophy because it deals with the way in which our beliefs about meaning and uses of languages influence our theories of how languages work.<br><br>This debate has been fueled by a number of key issues that are fundamental to the study of pragmatics. For instance, [https://www.xn--72c9aa5escud2b.com/webboard/index.php?action=profile;area=forumprofile;u=2317600 프라그마틱 슬롯 하는법] 공식홈페이지 ([https://images.google.com.na/url?q=https://creamwall1.werite.net/responsible-for-a-pragmatic-korea-budget images.google.com.na`s statement on its official blog]) some researchers have suggested that pragmatics isn't a discipline in its own right because it studies the ways in which people interpret and use language, without being able to provide any information regarding what is actually being said. This kind of approach is referred to as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that the subject is a discipline in its own right since it examines the manner in which the meaning and usage of language is affected by cultural and social factors. This is known as near-side pragmatics.<br><br>Other topics of discussion in pragmatics include the manner in which we understand the nature of utterance interpretation as an inferential process and the role that the primary pragmatic processes play in the analysis of what is being spoken by a speaker in a given sentence. These are topics that are discussed a bit more extensively in the papers by Recanati and Bach. Both papers explore the notions saturation and free enrichment in the context of a pragmatic. These are significant pragmatic processes that influence the overall meaning an utterance.<br><br>What is the difference between free and explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is how context affects linguistic meaning. It evaluates how human language is utilized in social interactions, as well as the relationship between the speaker and the interpreter. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are called pragmaticians.<br><br>Over the years, a variety of theories of pragmatism have been developed. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communicative intent of speakers. Others, such as Relevance Theory are focused on the processes of understanding that occur during utterance interpretation by listeners. Some pragmatics theories are merged with other disciplines, like philosophy and cognitive science.<br><br>There are different opinions on the borderline between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers, such as Morris, believe that semantics and pragmatics are two separate topics. He argues semantics is concerned with the relationship between signs and objects that they might or may not denote whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in the context.<br><br>Other philosophers, such as Bach and Harnish, have argued that pragmatics is a subfield within semantics. They differentiate between 'near-side and far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics focuses on what is said, while far-side pragmatics is focused on the logical consequences of saying something. They believe that some of the 'pragmatics' that accompany an expression are already determined by semantics while other 'pragmatics' are defined by the processes of inference.<br><br>The context is one of the most important aspects of pragmatics. This means that the same utterance can mean different things in different contexts, depending on factors such as indexicality and ambiguity. Other factors that could alter the meaning of an expression include discourse structure, speaker intentions and beliefs, and expectations of the listener.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is its particularity to the culture. It is because every culture has its own rules for what is appropriate in different situations. In certain cultures, it's polite to keep eye contact. In other cultures, it's rude.<br><br>There are many different views of pragmatics, and lots of research is being done in the field. Some of the most important areas of study are formal and computational pragmatics as well as experimental and theoretical pragmatics; intercultural and cross-linguistic pragmatics; and pragmatics in the clinical and experimental sense.<br><br>What is the relationship between Free Pragmatics and to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics, a linguistic field, is concerned with how meaning is conveyed by the use of language in context. It evaluates the way in which the speaker's intentions and beliefs affect the interpretation, with less attention paid to the grammatical aspects of the speech rather than what is said. Pragmaticians are linguists who focus on pragmatics. The subject of pragmatics is linked to other areas of the study of linguistics, such as syntax and semantics or philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent times the field of pragmatics has expanded in many directions. This includes computational linguistics and conversational pragmatics. There is a wide range of research in these areas, addressing topics like the importance of lexical features as well as the interaction between discourse and language, and the nature of the concept of meaning.<br><br>One of the main questions in the philosophical discussion of pragmatics is whether or not it is possible to develop an accurate, systematic understanding of the semantics/pragmatics interface. Some philosophers have argued that it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is not well-defined and that they're the identical.<br><br>It is not unusual for scholars to debate back and forth between these two positions and argue that certain events are either semantics or pragmatics. For instance certain scholars argue that if an utterance has an actual truth-conditional meaning, [http://bioimagingcore.be/q2a/user/patchsound7 프라그마틱 공식홈페이지] 정품 확인법 ([https://freeman-hildebrandt-2.mdwrite.net/how-to-tell-the-good-and-bad-about-pragmatic/ freeman-hildebrandt-2.mdwrite.net]) then it is semantics, while other argue that the fact that an utterance may be interpreted in various ways is a sign of pragmatics.<br><br>Other researchers in pragmatics have taken a different view in arguing that the truth-conditional meaning a utterance has is just one of the many ways in which an expression can be understood and that all of these ways are valid. This approach is often known as far-side pragmatics.<br><br>Recent research in pragmatics has sought to integrate semantic and distant side methods. It attempts to capture the entire range of interpretive possibilities for a speaker's utterance, by modeling how the speaker's beliefs and intentions contribute to the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine an Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technical innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). This model predicts listeners will be entertained by a variety of exhausted interpretations of an utterance that contains the universal FCI Any, and that is the reason why the exclusivity implicature is so strong when compared to other plausible implications.

Revision as of 20:31, 24 January 2025

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of the connection between context, language and meaning. It asks questions like: What do people really mean when they use words?

It's a philosophy that is focused on practical and reasonable actions. It is in contrast to idealism which is the belief that one should adhere to their principles regardless of the circumstances.

What is Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics is the way that language users communicate and interact with each other. It is typically thought of as a part of the language however, it differs from semantics in the sense that pragmatics examines what the user is trying to convey, not what the actual meaning is.

As a research field, pragmatics is relatively new, and its research has been growing rapidly over the past few decades. It has been primarily an academic field of study within linguistics, however it also has an impact on research in other fields such as speech-language pathology, psychology sociolinguistics, and the study of anthropology.

There are many different perspectives on pragmatics, which have contributed to its growth and development. One is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which is based primarily on the notions of intention and the interaction with the speaker's knowledge of the listener's understanding. Other perspectives on pragmatics include the lexical and conceptual approaches to pragmatics. These perspectives have contributed to the wide range of subjects that pragmatics researchers have investigated.

The study of pragmatics has covered a broad range of subjects, including L2 pragmatic comprehension and request production by EFL students, as well as the role of the theory of mind in physical and mental metaphors. It has been applied to social and cultural phenomena like political speech, discriminatory speech, and interpersonal communication. Pragmatics researchers also have employed diverse methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.

The amount of knowledge base in pragmatics is different by database, as shown in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are among the top researchers in pragmatics research, however their positions differ based on the database. This difference is due to the fact that pragmatics is an interconnected field that is inextricably linked with other disciplines.

It is therefore difficult to rank the top authors in pragmatics solely by the quantity of their publications. It is possible to identify influential authors based on their contributions to pragmatics. Bambini is one example. He has contributed to pragmatics through concepts like conversational implicititure and politeness theories. Other authors who have been influential in pragmatics include Grice, Saul and Kasper.

What is Free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics focuses on the users and contexts of language use, rather than on reference, truth, or grammar. It examines how a single utterance may be understood differently in different contexts. This includes ambiguity as well as indexicality. It also focuses primarily on the strategies employed by listeners to determine if words have a meaning that is communicative. It is closely linked to the theory of conversative implicature, which was first developed by Paul Grice.

The boundaries between these two disciplines are a subject of debate. While the distinction between these two disciplines is well-known, it is not always clear where they should be drawn. For example some philosophers have claimed that the notion of a sentence's meaning is a part of semantics while others have claimed that this sort of thing should be treated as a pragmatic problem.

Another issue is whether pragmatics is a branch of philosophy of languages or a subset of the study of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have suggested that pragmatics is a subject in its distinct from the other disciplines and should be considered a distinct part of the field of linguistics, alongside syntax, phonology semantics and so on. Others have suggested the study of pragmatics is an aspect of philosophy because it deals with the way in which our beliefs about meaning and uses of languages influence our theories of how languages work.

This debate has been fueled by a number of key issues that are fundamental to the study of pragmatics. For instance, 프라그마틱 슬롯 하는법 공식홈페이지 (images.google.com.na`s statement on its official blog) some researchers have suggested that pragmatics isn't a discipline in its own right because it studies the ways in which people interpret and use language, without being able to provide any information regarding what is actually being said. This kind of approach is referred to as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars have argued that the subject is a discipline in its own right since it examines the manner in which the meaning and usage of language is affected by cultural and social factors. This is known as near-side pragmatics.

Other topics of discussion in pragmatics include the manner in which we understand the nature of utterance interpretation as an inferential process and the role that the primary pragmatic processes play in the analysis of what is being spoken by a speaker in a given sentence. These are topics that are discussed a bit more extensively in the papers by Recanati and Bach. Both papers explore the notions saturation and free enrichment in the context of a pragmatic. These are significant pragmatic processes that influence the overall meaning an utterance.

What is the difference between free and explanatory Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics is how context affects linguistic meaning. It evaluates how human language is utilized in social interactions, as well as the relationship between the speaker and the interpreter. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are called pragmaticians.

Over the years, a variety of theories of pragmatism have been developed. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, focus on the communicative intent of speakers. Others, such as Relevance Theory are focused on the processes of understanding that occur during utterance interpretation by listeners. Some pragmatics theories are merged with other disciplines, like philosophy and cognitive science.

There are different opinions on the borderline between semantics and pragmatics. Some philosophers, such as Morris, believe that semantics and pragmatics are two separate topics. He argues semantics is concerned with the relationship between signs and objects that they might or may not denote whereas pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in the context.

Other philosophers, such as Bach and Harnish, have argued that pragmatics is a subfield within semantics. They differentiate between 'near-side and far-side' pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics focuses on what is said, while far-side pragmatics is focused on the logical consequences of saying something. They believe that some of the 'pragmatics' that accompany an expression are already determined by semantics while other 'pragmatics' are defined by the processes of inference.

The context is one of the most important aspects of pragmatics. This means that the same utterance can mean different things in different contexts, depending on factors such as indexicality and ambiguity. Other factors that could alter the meaning of an expression include discourse structure, speaker intentions and beliefs, and expectations of the listener.

Another aspect of pragmatics is its particularity to the culture. It is because every culture has its own rules for what is appropriate in different situations. In certain cultures, it's polite to keep eye contact. In other cultures, it's rude.

There are many different views of pragmatics, and lots of research is being done in the field. Some of the most important areas of study are formal and computational pragmatics as well as experimental and theoretical pragmatics; intercultural and cross-linguistic pragmatics; and pragmatics in the clinical and experimental sense.

What is the relationship between Free Pragmatics and to Explanatory Pragmatics?

The discipline of pragmatics, a linguistic field, is concerned with how meaning is conveyed by the use of language in context. It evaluates the way in which the speaker's intentions and beliefs affect the interpretation, with less attention paid to the grammatical aspects of the speech rather than what is said. Pragmaticians are linguists who focus on pragmatics. The subject of pragmatics is linked to other areas of the study of linguistics, such as syntax and semantics or philosophy of language.

In recent times the field of pragmatics has expanded in many directions. This includes computational linguistics and conversational pragmatics. There is a wide range of research in these areas, addressing topics like the importance of lexical features as well as the interaction between discourse and language, and the nature of the concept of meaning.

One of the main questions in the philosophical discussion of pragmatics is whether or not it is possible to develop an accurate, systematic understanding of the semantics/pragmatics interface. Some philosophers have argued that it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is not well-defined and that they're the identical.

It is not unusual for scholars to debate back and forth between these two positions and argue that certain events are either semantics or pragmatics. For instance certain scholars argue that if an utterance has an actual truth-conditional meaning, 프라그마틱 공식홈페이지 정품 확인법 (freeman-hildebrandt-2.mdwrite.net) then it is semantics, while other argue that the fact that an utterance may be interpreted in various ways is a sign of pragmatics.

Other researchers in pragmatics have taken a different view in arguing that the truth-conditional meaning a utterance has is just one of the many ways in which an expression can be understood and that all of these ways are valid. This approach is often known as far-side pragmatics.

Recent research in pragmatics has sought to integrate semantic and distant side methods. It attempts to capture the entire range of interpretive possibilities for a speaker's utterance, by modeling how the speaker's beliefs and intentions contribute to the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine an Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technical innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). This model predicts listeners will be entertained by a variety of exhausted interpretations of an utterance that contains the universal FCI Any, and that is the reason why the exclusivity implicature is so strong when compared to other plausible implications.