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The Academy's Evolution Site<br><br>The concept of biological evolution is among the most fundamental concepts in biology. The Academies are involved in helping those interested in the sciences comprehend the evolution theory and how it is permeated across all areas of scientific research.<br><br>This site provides students, teachers and general readers with a range of learning resources about evolution. It contains key video clips from NOVA and the WGBH-produced science programs on DVD.<br><br>Tree of Life<br><br>The Tree of Life is an ancient symbol that symbolizes the interconnectedness of all life. It is used in many religions and cultures as an emblem of unity and love. It also has practical uses, like providing a framework for  바카라 에볼루션 ([http://valmiera.pilseta24.lv/linkredirect/?link=https%3A%2F%2Fevolutionkr.kr%2F&referer=valmiera.pilseta24.lv%2Fzina%3Fslug%3Dneskarta-daba-un-geologiskie-pieminekli-vizlas-dabas-taka-993087339a&additional_params=%7B%22company_orig_id%22%3A%22338746%22%2C%22object_country_id%22%3A%22lv%22%2C%22referer_layout_type%22%3A%22SR%22%2C%22bannerinfo%22%3A%22%7B%5C%22key%5C%22%3A%5C%22%5C%5C%5C%22Orhideja+Lingerie%5C%5C%5C%22%2C+ra%5C%5Cu017eotne%7C2020-10-26%7C2021-10-25%7Cvalmiera+p24+lielais+baneris%7Chttps%3A%5C%5C%5C%2F%5C%5C%5C%2Forhidejashop.com%7C%7Cupload%5C%5C%5C%2F338746%5C%5C%5C%2Fbaners%5C%5C%5C%2F61_orhideja_980x90_k.gif%7Clva%7C338746%7C980%7C90%7C%7C0%7C0%7C%7C0%7C0%7C%5C%22%2C%5C%22doc_count%5C%22%3A1%2C%5C%22key0%5C%22%3A%5C%22%5C%5C%5C%22Orhideja+Lingerie%5C%5C%5C%22%2C+ra%5C%5Cu017eotne%5C%22%2C%5C%22key1%5C%22%3A%5C%222020-10-26%5C%22%2C%5C%22key2%5C%22%3A%5C%222021-10-25%5C%22%2C%5C%22key3%5C%22%3A%5C%22valmiera+p24+lielais+baneris%5C%22%2C%5C%22key4%5C%22%3A%5C%22https%3A%5C%5C%5C%2F%5C%5C%5C%2Forhidejashop.com%5C%22%2C%5C%22key5%5C%22%3A%5C%22%5C%22%2C%5C%22key6%5C%22%3A%5C%22upload%5C%5C%5C%2F338746%5C%5C%5C%2Fbaners%5C%5C%5C%2F61_orhideja_980x90_k.gif%5C%22%2C%5C%22key7%5C%22%3A%5C%22lva%5C%22%2C%5C%22key8%5C%22%3A%5C%22338746%5C%22%2C%5C%22key9%5C%22%3A%5C%22980%5C%22%2C%5C%22key10%5C%22%3A%5C%2290%5C%22%2C%5C%22key11%5C%22%3A%5C%22%5C%22%2C%5C%22key12%5C%22%3A%5C%220%5C%22%2C%5C%22key13%5C%22%3A%5C%220%5C%22%2C%5C%22key14%5C%22%3A%5C%22%5C%22%2C%5C%22key15%5C%22%3A%5C%220%5C%22%2C%5C%22key16%5C%22%3A%5C%220%5C%22%2C%5C%22key17%5C%22%3A%5C%22%5C%22%7D%22%7D&control=efd7041763c7ea5b9d34228fc9ee7064 valmiera.pilseta24.Lv]) understanding the evolution of species and how they react to changes in the environment.<br><br>Early approaches to depicting the biological world focused on the classification of organisms into distinct categories which were distinguished by physical and metabolic characteristics1. These methods, which relied on the sampling of different parts of living organisms or small fragments of their DNA, significantly increased the variety that could be represented in a tree of life2. However, these trees are largely comprised of eukaryotes, and bacterial diversity is still largely unrepresented3,4.<br><br>Genetic techniques have significantly expanded our ability to represent the Tree of Life by circumventing the requirement for direct observation and experimentation. Particularly, molecular methods allow us to construct trees by using sequenced markers like the small subunit ribosomal gene.<br><br>Despite the dramatic expansion of the Tree of Life through genome sequencing, a large amount of biodiversity remains to be discovered. This is particularly relevant to microorganisms that are difficult to cultivate, and which are usually only present in a single sample5. Recent analysis of all genomes resulted in an initial draft of a Tree of Life. This includes a large number of bacteria, archaea and other organisms that have not yet been isolated, or the diversity of which is not fully understood6.<br><br>The expanded Tree of Life is particularly useful in assessing the diversity of an area, helping to determine if specific habitats require protection. The information is useful in a variety of ways, such as finding new drugs, battling diseases and enhancing crops. This information is also extremely beneficial to conservation efforts. It can help biologists identify areas that are most likely to have cryptic species, which may perform important metabolic functions, and could be susceptible to changes caused by humans. While funds to protect biodiversity are important, the best method to preserve the world's biodiversity is to empower the people of developing nations with the necessary knowledge to act locally and promote conservation.<br><br>Phylogeny<br><br>A phylogeny (also called an evolutionary tree) shows the relationships between organisms. Scientists can construct a phylogenetic chart that shows the evolutionary relationship of taxonomic categories using molecular information and morphological similarities or differences. Phylogeny is essential in understanding evolution, biodiversity and genetics.<br><br>A basic phylogenetic tree (see Figure PageIndex 10 Finds the connections between organisms with similar traits and have evolved from an ancestor that shared traits. These shared traits could be either analogous or homologous. Homologous traits are similar in their evolutionary origins, while analogous traits look similar, but do not share the same ancestors. Scientists group similar traits together into a grouping called a clade. For instance, all of the species in a clade have the characteristic of having amniotic eggs and [https://api.soundcast.io/v1/stitch/ausha.mp3?tags=5e048821ca608&apiKey=c1a94b3301c64853868548ac73233ca1&podcastUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fevolutionkr.kr%2F 에볼루션 바카라 사이트] 사이트; [https://pro.dmitriydyakov.ru/notifications/messagePublic/click/id/7789687572/hash/1984c3fe?url=https://evolutionkr.kr/ experienced], evolved from a common ancestor who had eggs. A phylogenetic tree is then built by connecting the clades to identify the organisms that are most closely related to one another. <br><br>For  [https://ismartdeals.com/activatelink.aspx?rurl=https://evolutionkr.kr/ 에볼루션사이트] a more precise and accurate phylogenetic tree, scientists use molecular data from DNA or RNA to identify the relationships between organisms. This information is more precise and gives evidence of the evolutionary history of an organism. Molecular data allows researchers to identify the number of organisms who share a common ancestor and to estimate their evolutionary age.<br><br>The phylogenetic relationships of a species can be affected by a variety of factors, including phenotypicplasticity. This is a kind of behaviour that can change in response to unique environmental conditions. This can cause a particular trait to appear more like a species another, obscuring the phylogenetic signal. This issue can be cured by using cladistics, which is a the combination of analogous and homologous features in the tree.<br><br>Additionally, phylogenetics can help predict the duration and rate at which speciation occurs. This information can aid conservation biologists to decide which species to protect from extinction. In the end, it's the conservation of phylogenetic variety which will create an ecosystem that is balanced and complete.<br><br>Evolutionary Theory<br><br>The fundamental concept of evolution is that organisms acquire various characteristics over time as a result of their interactions with their surroundings. Several theories of evolutionary change have been developed by a variety of scientists, including the Islamic naturalist Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (1201-1274) who proposed that a living organism develop slowly according to its needs, the Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) who designed modern hierarchical taxonomy, and Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829) who suggested that use or disuse of traits can cause changes that can be passed onto offspring.<br><br>In the 1930s and 1940s, theories from a variety of fields--including genetics, natural selection and particulate inheritance - came together to form the modern evolutionary theory synthesis that explains how evolution occurs through the variation of genes within a population and how those variations change in time as a result of natural selection. This model, which incorporates genetic drift, mutations as well as gene flow and sexual selection can be mathematically described mathematically.<br><br>Recent advances in the field of evolutionary developmental biology have shown the ways in which variation can be introduced to a species by genetic drift, mutations or reshuffling of genes in sexual reproduction and migration between populations. These processes, along with others such as directionally-selected selection and erosion of genes (changes in the frequency of genotypes over time) can lead to evolution. Evolution is defined by changes in the genome over time, as well as changes in the phenotype (the expression of genotypes in individuals).<br><br>Incorporating evolutionary thinking into all aspects of biology education can improve student understanding of the concepts of phylogeny and evolutionary. In a recent study conducted by Grunspan and co. It was found that teaching students about the evidence for evolution increased their acceptance of evolution during an undergraduate biology course. For more details on how to teach evolution look up The Evolutionary Potential in all Areas of Biology or Thinking Evolutionarily A Framework for Infusing Evolution into Life Sciences Education.<br><br>Evolution in Action<br><br>Scientists have traditionally studied evolution by looking in the past, studying fossils, and comparing species. They also study living organisms. However, evolution isn't something that happened in the past; it's an ongoing process happening today. Bacteria mutate and resist antibiotics, viruses re-invent themselves and escape new drugs, and animals adapt their behavior to the changing environment. The results are usually visible.<br><br>But it wasn't until the late 1980s that biologists understood that natural selection can be observed in action as well. The key is the fact that different traits confer a different rate of survival and reproduction, and can be passed on from generation to generation.<br><br>In the past, if a certain allele - the genetic sequence that determines colour - was present in a population of organisms that interbred, it might become more common than any other allele. Over time, this would mean that the number of moths that have black pigmentation in a population could increase. The same is true for many other characteristics--including morphology and behavior--that vary among populations of organisms.<br><br>It is easier to observe evolutionary change when the species, like bacteria, has a high generation turnover. Since 1988, Richard Lenski, 무료 에볼루션; [https://campagnefrance.fr/pixelget/link/pid/46124/hash/d6c3470885f4756bd43a3469ececb57d?url=https://evolutionkr.kr/ killer deal], a biologist, has studied twelve populations of E.coli that descend from a single strain. Samples of each population were taken regularly and more than 50,000 generations of E.coli have been observed to have passed.<br><br>Lenski's work has shown that mutations can alter the rate of change and the effectiveness of a population's reproduction. It also shows that evolution takes time, a fact that many are unable to accept.<br><br>Another example of microevolution is that mosquito genes that are resistant to pesticides appear more frequently in populations where insecticides are employed. That's because the use of pesticides creates a selective pressure that favors individuals with resistant genotypes.<br><br>The rapidity of evolution has led to a growing recognition of its importance, especially in a world which is largely shaped by human activities. This includes pollution, climate change, and habitat loss that prevents many species from adapting. Understanding the evolution process can help us make smarter decisions regarding the future of our planet, as well as the life of its inhabitants.
The Academy's Evolution Site<br><br>Biology is one of the most central concepts in biology. The Academies have long been involved in helping people who are interested in science comprehend the theory of evolution and how it affects all areas of scientific research.<br><br>This site provides teachers, students and [https://moran-enemark-2.mdwrite.net/are-you-responsible-for-the-evolution-slot-game-budget-10-fascinating-ways-to-spend-your-money/ 에볼루션] general readers with a variety of learning resources on evolution. It contains the most important video clips from NOVA and WGBH-produced science programs on DVD.<br><br>Tree of Life<br><br>The Tree of Life is an ancient symbol of the interconnectedness of life. It is a symbol of love and harmony in a variety of cultures. It also has many practical applications, such as providing a framework to understand the history of species and how they react to changes in environmental conditions.<br><br>Early attempts to describe the world of biology were built on categorizing organisms based on their physical and metabolic characteristics. These methods, [https://www.taxiu.vip/home.php?mod=space&uid=65919 바카라 에볼루션] which rely on the sampling of different parts of organisms, or DNA fragments have greatly increased the diversity of a tree of Life2. These trees are largely composed by eukaryotes and bacterial diversity is vastly underrepresented3,4.<br><br>Genetic techniques have greatly broadened our ability to represent the Tree of Life by circumventing the need for direct observation and experimentation. We can create trees by using molecular methods, such as the small-subunit ribosomal gene.<br><br>Despite the dramatic growth of the Tree of Life through genome sequencing, a large amount of biodiversity awaits discovery. This is especially true of microorganisms that are difficult to cultivate and are typically only present in a single sample5. A recent study of all known genomes has produced a rough draft version of the Tree of Life, including many bacteria and archaea that are not isolated and their diversity is not fully understood6.<br><br>The expanded Tree of Life can be used to evaluate the biodiversity of a specific area and determine if particular habitats require special protection. This information can be used in a variety of ways, such as identifying new drugs, combating diseases and enhancing crops. The information is also useful to conservation efforts. It can help biologists identify those areas that are most likely contain cryptic species that could have important metabolic functions that may be at risk of anthropogenic changes. While funds to safeguard biodiversity are vital but the most effective way to ensure the preservation of biodiversity around the world is for more people living in developing countries to be empowered with the necessary knowledge to act locally in order to promote conservation from within.<br><br>Phylogeny<br><br>A phylogeny (also called an evolutionary tree) illustrates the relationship between different organisms. By using molecular information, morphological similarities and differences or ontogeny (the process of the development of an organism) scientists can construct a phylogenetic tree which illustrates the evolutionary relationship between taxonomic groups. The concept of phylogeny is fundamental to understanding the evolution of biodiversity, evolution and genetics.<br><br>A basic phylogenetic tree (see Figure PageIndex 10 ) identifies the relationships between organisms with similar traits that have evolved from common ancestral. These shared traits can be either analogous or homologous. Homologous traits are the same in terms of their evolutionary path. Analogous traits could appear like they are but they don't have the same origins. Scientists combine similar traits into a grouping known as a clade. For example, all of the species in a clade share the trait of having amniotic egg and evolved from a common ancestor which had these eggs. A phylogenetic tree is then constructed by connecting the clades to identify the species which are the closest to each other. <br><br>Scientists make use of molecular DNA or RNA data to construct a phylogenetic graph which is more precise and precise. This data is more precise than morphological information and provides evidence of the evolution history of an individual or group. The analysis of molecular data can help researchers identify the number of species that share a common ancestor and to estimate their evolutionary age.<br><br>The phylogenetic relationships between organisms can be affected by a variety of factors, including phenotypic plasticity a kind of behavior that changes in response to specific environmental conditions. This can cause a trait to appear more similar in one species than another, obscuring the phylogenetic signal. This problem can be addressed by using cladistics, which is a the combination of analogous and homologous features in the tree.<br><br>In addition, phylogenetics helps predict the duration and rate at which speciation takes place. This information can aid conservation biologists in making choices about which species to safeguard from the threat of extinction. In the end, it's the preservation of phylogenetic diversity which will lead to an ecologically balanced and complete ecosystem.<br><br>Evolutionary Theory<br><br>The fundamental concept of evolution is that organisms acquire various characteristics over time due to their interactions with their environment. Many scientists have come up with theories of evolution, such as the Islamic naturalist Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (1201-274), who believed that an organism would evolve according to its individual needs, the Swedish taxonomist Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) who conceived the modern hierarchical system of taxonomy, as well as Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1844-1829), who believed that the use or absence of traits can cause changes that can be passed on to future generations.<br><br>In the 1930s and 1940s, concepts from various fields, including genetics, [https://cameradb.review/wiki/The_Leading_Reasons_Why_People_Perform_Well_Within_The_Evolution_Roulette_Industry 에볼루션 무료 바카라] 사이트 ([https://fatahal.com/user/singertuba46 Click To See More]) natural selection, and particulate inheritance - came together to create the modern evolutionary theory, which defines how evolution is triggered by the variation of genes within a population and how those variants change in time due to natural selection. This model, which incorporates genetic drift, mutations as well as gene flow and sexual selection can be mathematically described.<br><br>Recent discoveries in the field of evolutionary developmental biology have revealed that genetic variation can be introduced into a species via mutation, genetic drift and reshuffling genes during sexual reproduction, and also through migration between populations. These processes, as well as others such as directional selection or genetic erosion (changes in the frequency of an individual's genotype over time), can lead to evolution which is defined by changes in the genome of the species over time, and also the change in phenotype as time passes (the expression of the genotype in an individual).<br><br>Students can gain a better understanding of phylogeny by incorporating evolutionary thinking into all areas of biology. A recent study by Grunspan and colleagues, for example, showed that teaching about the evidence for evolution increased students' acceptance of evolution in a college biology course. For more details on how to teach about evolution, see The Evolutionary Potency in all Areas of Biology or Thinking Evolutionarily as a Framework for Infusing Evolution into Life Sciences Education.<br><br>Evolution in Action<br><br>Traditionally scientists have studied evolution through studying fossils, [https://lt.dananxun.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=1148810 에볼루션 블랙잭] ([http://wzgroupup.hkhz76.badudns.cc/home.php?mod=space&uid=2310466 http://wzgroupup.hkhz76.badudns.Cc/]) comparing species, and observing living organisms. But evolution isn't just something that happened in the past, it's an ongoing process, that is taking place right now. Viruses evolve to stay away from new antibiotics and bacteria transform to resist antibiotics. Animals adapt their behavior in the wake of a changing environment. The results are often visible.<br><br>However, it wasn't until late-1980s that biologists realized that natural selection can be seen in action, as well. The key to this is that different traits result in the ability to survive at different rates and reproduction, and can be passed on from generation to generation.<br><br>In the past, if an allele - the genetic sequence that determines colour was present in a population of organisms that interbred, it could become more common than other allele. In time, this could mean the number of black moths within the population could increase. The same is true for many other characteristics--including morphology and behavior--that vary among populations of organisms.<br><br>It is easier to observe evolutionary change when a species, such as bacteria, has a rapid generation turnover. Since 1988 biologist Richard Lenski has been tracking twelve populations of E. coli that descended from a single strain. samples of each population are taken every day and over fifty thousand generations have passed.<br><br>Lenski's research has shown that a mutation can profoundly alter the rate at which a population reproduces--and so the rate at which it alters. It also shows that evolution takes time, something that is difficult for some to accept.<br><br>Another example of microevolution is how mosquito genes for resistance to pesticides show up more often in areas in which insecticides are utilized. Pesticides create an exclusive pressure that favors individuals who have resistant genotypes.<br><br>The rapid pace of evolution taking place has led to a growing appreciation of its importance in a world shaped by human activities, including climate change, pollution, and the loss of habitats that prevent many species from adjusting. Understanding evolution can help us make better choices about the future of our planet, and the life of its inhabitants.

Revision as of 17:40, 7 January 2025

The Academy's Evolution Site

Biology is one of the most central concepts in biology. The Academies have long been involved in helping people who are interested in science comprehend the theory of evolution and how it affects all areas of scientific research.

This site provides teachers, students and 에볼루션 general readers with a variety of learning resources on evolution. It contains the most important video clips from NOVA and WGBH-produced science programs on DVD.

Tree of Life

The Tree of Life is an ancient symbol of the interconnectedness of life. It is a symbol of love and harmony in a variety of cultures. It also has many practical applications, such as providing a framework to understand the history of species and how they react to changes in environmental conditions.

Early attempts to describe the world of biology were built on categorizing organisms based on their physical and metabolic characteristics. These methods, 바카라 에볼루션 which rely on the sampling of different parts of organisms, or DNA fragments have greatly increased the diversity of a tree of Life2. These trees are largely composed by eukaryotes and bacterial diversity is vastly underrepresented3,4.

Genetic techniques have greatly broadened our ability to represent the Tree of Life by circumventing the need for direct observation and experimentation. We can create trees by using molecular methods, such as the small-subunit ribosomal gene.

Despite the dramatic growth of the Tree of Life through genome sequencing, a large amount of biodiversity awaits discovery. This is especially true of microorganisms that are difficult to cultivate and are typically only present in a single sample5. A recent study of all known genomes has produced a rough draft version of the Tree of Life, including many bacteria and archaea that are not isolated and their diversity is not fully understood6.

The expanded Tree of Life can be used to evaluate the biodiversity of a specific area and determine if particular habitats require special protection. This information can be used in a variety of ways, such as identifying new drugs, combating diseases and enhancing crops. The information is also useful to conservation efforts. It can help biologists identify those areas that are most likely contain cryptic species that could have important metabolic functions that may be at risk of anthropogenic changes. While funds to safeguard biodiversity are vital but the most effective way to ensure the preservation of biodiversity around the world is for more people living in developing countries to be empowered with the necessary knowledge to act locally in order to promote conservation from within.

Phylogeny

A phylogeny (also called an evolutionary tree) illustrates the relationship between different organisms. By using molecular information, morphological similarities and differences or ontogeny (the process of the development of an organism) scientists can construct a phylogenetic tree which illustrates the evolutionary relationship between taxonomic groups. The concept of phylogeny is fundamental to understanding the evolution of biodiversity, evolution and genetics.

A basic phylogenetic tree (see Figure PageIndex 10 ) identifies the relationships between organisms with similar traits that have evolved from common ancestral. These shared traits can be either analogous or homologous. Homologous traits are the same in terms of their evolutionary path. Analogous traits could appear like they are but they don't have the same origins. Scientists combine similar traits into a grouping known as a clade. For example, all of the species in a clade share the trait of having amniotic egg and evolved from a common ancestor which had these eggs. A phylogenetic tree is then constructed by connecting the clades to identify the species which are the closest to each other.

Scientists make use of molecular DNA or RNA data to construct a phylogenetic graph which is more precise and precise. This data is more precise than morphological information and provides evidence of the evolution history of an individual or group. The analysis of molecular data can help researchers identify the number of species that share a common ancestor and to estimate their evolutionary age.

The phylogenetic relationships between organisms can be affected by a variety of factors, including phenotypic plasticity a kind of behavior that changes in response to specific environmental conditions. This can cause a trait to appear more similar in one species than another, obscuring the phylogenetic signal. This problem can be addressed by using cladistics, which is a the combination of analogous and homologous features in the tree.

In addition, phylogenetics helps predict the duration and rate at which speciation takes place. This information can aid conservation biologists in making choices about which species to safeguard from the threat of extinction. In the end, it's the preservation of phylogenetic diversity which will lead to an ecologically balanced and complete ecosystem.

Evolutionary Theory

The fundamental concept of evolution is that organisms acquire various characteristics over time due to their interactions with their environment. Many scientists have come up with theories of evolution, such as the Islamic naturalist Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (1201-274), who believed that an organism would evolve according to its individual needs, the Swedish taxonomist Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) who conceived the modern hierarchical system of taxonomy, as well as Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1844-1829), who believed that the use or absence of traits can cause changes that can be passed on to future generations.

In the 1930s and 1940s, concepts from various fields, including genetics, 에볼루션 무료 바카라 사이트 (Click To See More) natural selection, and particulate inheritance - came together to create the modern evolutionary theory, which defines how evolution is triggered by the variation of genes within a population and how those variants change in time due to natural selection. This model, which incorporates genetic drift, mutations as well as gene flow and sexual selection can be mathematically described.

Recent discoveries in the field of evolutionary developmental biology have revealed that genetic variation can be introduced into a species via mutation, genetic drift and reshuffling genes during sexual reproduction, and also through migration between populations. These processes, as well as others such as directional selection or genetic erosion (changes in the frequency of an individual's genotype over time), can lead to evolution which is defined by changes in the genome of the species over time, and also the change in phenotype as time passes (the expression of the genotype in an individual).

Students can gain a better understanding of phylogeny by incorporating evolutionary thinking into all areas of biology. A recent study by Grunspan and colleagues, for example, showed that teaching about the evidence for evolution increased students' acceptance of evolution in a college biology course. For more details on how to teach about evolution, see The Evolutionary Potency in all Areas of Biology or Thinking Evolutionarily as a Framework for Infusing Evolution into Life Sciences Education.

Evolution in Action

Traditionally scientists have studied evolution through studying fossils, 에볼루션 블랙잭 (http://wzgroupup.hkhz76.badudns.Cc/) comparing species, and observing living organisms. But evolution isn't just something that happened in the past, it's an ongoing process, that is taking place right now. Viruses evolve to stay away from new antibiotics and bacteria transform to resist antibiotics. Animals adapt their behavior in the wake of a changing environment. The results are often visible.

However, it wasn't until late-1980s that biologists realized that natural selection can be seen in action, as well. The key to this is that different traits result in the ability to survive at different rates and reproduction, and can be passed on from generation to generation.

In the past, if an allele - the genetic sequence that determines colour was present in a population of organisms that interbred, it could become more common than other allele. In time, this could mean the number of black moths within the population could increase. The same is true for many other characteristics--including morphology and behavior--that vary among populations of organisms.

It is easier to observe evolutionary change when a species, such as bacteria, has a rapid generation turnover. Since 1988 biologist Richard Lenski has been tracking twelve populations of E. coli that descended from a single strain. samples of each population are taken every day and over fifty thousand generations have passed.

Lenski's research has shown that a mutation can profoundly alter the rate at which a population reproduces--and so the rate at which it alters. It also shows that evolution takes time, something that is difficult for some to accept.

Another example of microevolution is how mosquito genes for resistance to pesticides show up more often in areas in which insecticides are utilized. Pesticides create an exclusive pressure that favors individuals who have resistant genotypes.

The rapid pace of evolution taking place has led to a growing appreciation of its importance in a world shaped by human activities, including climate change, pollution, and the loss of habitats that prevent many species from adjusting. Understanding evolution can help us make better choices about the future of our planet, and the life of its inhabitants.

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