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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean
In addition to the learner-internal aspects, 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료 CLKs' awareness of the need to be pragmatic and 프라그마틱 무료체험, please click the following internet site, the relational affordances they could draw on were crucial. The RIs from TS and ZL for instance, cited their relationship with their local professor as a key factor in their pragmatic decision to avoid criticizing a strict professor (see examples 2).
This article reviews all locally published pragmatic research on Korean up to 2020. It focuses on practical fundamental topics like:
Discourse Construction Tests
The discourse completion test is a common instrument in pragmatic research. It has many advantages however, it also has its disadvantages. The DCT is one example. It cannot account cultural and individual differences. The DCT can also be biased and lead to overgeneralizations. Therefore, it should be analyzed carefully prior to using it for research or assessment purposes.
Despite its limitations the DCT can be a useful tool for analyzing the relationship between prosody, information structure and non-native speakers. The ability to alter social variables that affect the manner of speaking in two or more steps can be a strength. This feature can be used to study the effect of prosody in various cultural contexts.
In the field linguistics, DCT is among the most effective tools for analyzing communication behaviors of learners. It can be used to investigate various aspects that include the manner of speaking, turn taking and lexical choices. It can be used to evaluate the phonological complexity of learners' speech.
A recent study used a DCT to test EFL students' ability to resist. Participants were presented with an array of scenarios and were asked to choose the appropriate response from the options offered. The authors discovered that the DCT to be more effective than other refusal methods, such as videos or questionnaires. However, they cautioned that the DCT should be employed with caution and include other types of methods for collecting data.
DCTs can be designed with specific requirements for linguistics, such as form and content. These criteria are intuitive and based on the assumptions of the test creators. They aren't always precise and could misrepresent how ELF learners actually respond to requests in real-world interactions. This issue calls for more research into different methods to assess refusal ability.
In a recent study DCT responses to student inquiries via email were compared to the responses from an oral DCT. The results revealed that the DCT promoted more direct and conventionally form-based requests, and a lesser use of hints than email data did.
Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)
This study examined Chinese learners making pragmatic choices when using Korean. It used various tools for experimentation including Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions, and Refusal Interviews. Participants were 46 CLKs of upper-intermediate ability who provided responses to MQs and DCTs. They were also asked to provide reflections on their evaluations and refusals in RIs. The results indicated that the CLKs frequently chose to resist native Korean pragmatic norms, and that their choices were influenced by four primary factors such as their personalities, their multilingual identities, ongoing lives, and their relational advantages. These findings have implications for pedagogy for L2 Korean assessment and teaching.
The MQ data were analysed to determine the participants' pragmatic choices. The data were classified according to Ishihara's (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, we compared their selections with their linguistic performance on DCTs to determine if they were a sign of pragmatic resistance. The interviewees also had to explain the reasons for choosing the pragmatic approach in certain situations.
The results of the MQs and DCTs were then analyzed using descriptive statistics and Z-tests. The CLKs were discovered to use euphemistic terms such as "sorry" or "thank you". This was probably due to their lack experience with the target languages, which led to an inadequate understanding of the korean pragmatic norms. The results showed that CLKs' preference to diverge from L1 and L2 norms or to be more convergent towards L1 varied depending on the DCT circumstances. For example, in Situation 3 and 12 the CLKs favored to diverge from both L1 and pragmatic norms whereas in Situation 14 they favored a convergence to L1 norms.
The RIs showed that CLKs knew about their logical resistance to every DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-to-one basis in the space of two days of participants completing the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribed by two independent coders and then coded. The coding process was an iterative process, in which the coders listened and discussed each transcript. The results of coding were contrasted with the original RI transcripts, which provided an indication of how well the RIs captured the underlying pragmatic behavior.
Refusal Interviews (RIs)
The most important issue in research on pragmatics is: why do some learners refuse to accept native-speaker norms? A recent study attempted to answer this question employing a variety of research instruments, including DCTs MQs, DCTs, and RIs. The participants consisted of 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. They were asked to perform the DCTs in their native language and 프라그마틱 슬롯 추천 complete the MQs in either their L1 or L2. They were then invited to an RI where they were required to reflect on and discuss their responses to each DCT situation.
The results showed that, on average, the CLKs disapproved of native-speaker pragmatic norms in more than 40% of their responses. They did this despite the fact that they were able to create patterns that closely resembled natives. They were also aware of their pragmatism. They attributed their actions to learner-internal aspects such as their identities, personalities and identities that are multilingual, as well as ongoing lives. They also spoke of external factors like relational affordances. For instance, they discussed how their relationships with professors helped facilitate an easier performance in regards to the linguistic and intercultural rules of their university.
However, the interviewees expressed concerns about the social pressures and penalties they could face if they flouted their local social norms. They were concerned that their native friends would perceive them as "foreigners" and think they are not intelligent. This concern was similar to those voiced by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).
These results suggest that native-speaker practical norms are no longer the preferred choice of Korean learners. They may still be useful for official Korean proficiency tests. But it is advisable for future researchers to revisit their usefulness in particular situations and in various contexts. This will allow them to better understand the effects of different cultural contexts on the behavior of students and classroom interactions of L2 students. This will also assist educators to improve their methods of teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risk consultancy.
Case Studies
The case study method is an investigative technique that employs participant-centered, in-depth studies to study a specific subject. This method uses multiple data sources including interviews, observations and documents to prove its findings. This kind of investigation can be used to study unique or complex subjects that are difficult for other methods to assess.
In a case study, the first step is to define the subject and the goals of the study. This will help you determine what aspects of the subject should be studied and which can be omitted. It is also beneficial to review existing literature related to the subject to gain a greater understanding of the topic and to place the case study in a broader theoretical context.
This case study was based on an open source platform, the KMMLU leaderboard [50] and its specific benchmarks for Korea, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the study revealed that the L2 Korean students were extremely vulnerable to native models. They tended to select wrong answer choices that were literal interpretations of the prompts, which were not based on precise pragmatic inference. They also showed an inclination to include their own text, or "garbage," to their responses, further detracting from the quality of their responses.
Moreover, the participants of this study were L2 Korean learners who had reached level 4 on the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) at their second or third year of university, and were aiming to reach level 6 in their next attempt. They were required to answer questions regarding their WTC/SPCC and comprehension and pragmatic awareness.
Interviewees were presented with two scenarios involving an interaction with their interlocutors and asked to choose one of the strategies below to employ when making a demand. The interviewees were then asked to justify their decision. The majority of participants attributed their pragmatist opposition to their personality. TS, for example, claimed that she was difficult to talk to and would not inquire about her interlocutor's well-being when they had a lot of work despite the fact that she thought native Koreans would.