15 Great Documentaries About Free Evolution

What is Free Evolution?

Free evolution is the concept that natural processes can cause organisms to develop over time. This includes the appearance and development of new species.

This has been proven by numerous examples such as the stickleback fish species that can thrive in fresh or saltwater and walking stick insect types that are apprehensive about specific host plants. These mostly reversible trait permutations, however, cannot explain fundamental changes in basic body plans.

Evolution by Natural Selection

Scientists have been fascinated by the development of all living creatures that inhabit our planet for centuries. Charles Darwin's natural selectivity is the most well-known explanation. This is because individuals who are better-adapted survive and reproduce more than those who are less well-adapted. As time passes, a group of well-adapted individuals expands and eventually forms a whole new species.

Natural selection is a process that is cyclical and involves the interaction of 3 factors: variation, reproduction and inheritance. Sexual reproduction and mutation increase genetic diversity in the species. Inheritance refers to the transmission of a person’s genetic traits, which include recessive and dominant genes to their offspring. Reproduction is the production of fertile, viable offspring, which includes both asexual and sexual methods.

Natural selection can only occur when all of these factors are in harmony. For instance when the dominant allele of a gene causes an organism to survive and reproduce more often than the recessive allele the dominant allele will become more prominent in the population. If the allele confers a negative advantage to survival or reduces the fertility of the population, 에볼루션 사이트 슬롯 (Code.Smolnet.Org) it will disappear. This process is self-reinforcing which means that an organism with a beneficial trait will survive and reproduce more than one with a maladaptive characteristic. The greater an organism's fitness as measured by its capacity to reproduce and survive, is the greater number of offspring it will produce. People with desirable characteristics, such as a long neck in giraffes, or bright white patterns on male peacocks, are more likely than others to survive and reproduce and eventually lead to them becoming the majority.

Natural selection only affects populations, not on individual organisms. This is a crucial distinction from the Lamarckian theory of evolution, which states that animals acquire traits either through usage or inaction. If a giraffe stretches its neck to reach prey, and the neck becomes longer, then the offspring will inherit this characteristic. The differences in neck size between generations will increase until the giraffe is no longer able to reproduce with other giraffes.

Evolution by Genetic Drift

Genetic drift occurs when the alleles of one gene are distributed randomly in a group. In the end, only one will be fixed (become common enough that it can no longer be eliminated through natural selection) and the other alleles diminish in frequency. In the extreme it can lead to dominance of a single allele. The other alleles are virtually eliminated and heterozygosity diminished to a minimum. In a small population this could lead to the complete elimination of the recessive gene. This is called a bottleneck effect, and it is typical of the kind of evolutionary process that takes place when a large number of people migrate to form a new group.

A phenotypic bottleneck could happen when the survivors of a disaster such as an epidemic or mass hunting event, are condensed into a small area. The survivors will be largely homozygous for the dominant allele which means that they will all have the same phenotype and will consequently have the same fitness characteristics. This situation might be caused by a war, an earthquake or even a cholera outbreak. The genetically distinct population, if left susceptible to genetic drift.

Walsh Lewens and Ariew utilize Lewens, Walsh and Ariew employ a "purely outcome-oriented" definition of drift as any departure from the expected values of different fitness levels. They cite a famous example of twins that are genetically identical, have identical phenotypes, but one is struck by lightning and dies, whereas the other lives and reproduces.

This type of drift is crucial in the evolution of an entire species. It's not the only method of evolution. The main alternative is a process called natural selection, in which the phenotypic diversity of an individual is maintained through mutation and migration.

Stephens asserts that there is a major difference between treating drift as a force or as an underlying cause, and considering other causes of evolution such as mutation, selection and migration as causes or causes. He argues that a causal process account of drift permits us to differentiate it from other forces, and that this distinction is vital. He also argues that drift has a direction: that is it tends to eliminate heterozygosity, and that it also has a magnitude, which is determined by the size of population.

Evolution by Lamarckism

Students of biology in high school are frequently introduced to Jean-Baptiste Lamarck's (1744-1829) work. His theory of evolution is generally called "Lamarckism" and it asserts that simple organisms evolve into more complex organisms via the inheritance of characteristics that are a result of the natural activities of an organism, use and disuse. Lamarckism is usually illustrated with a picture of a giraffe extending its neck to reach the higher branches in the trees. This would cause the necks of giraffes that are longer to be passed on to their offspring who would grow taller.

Lamarck the French zoologist, presented an idea that was revolutionary in his 17 May 1802 opening lecture at the Museum of Natural History of Paris. He challenged previous thinking on organic transformation. According to Lamarck, living creatures evolved from inanimate matter by a series of gradual steps. Lamarck was not the first to suggest that this could be the case but the general consensus is that he was the one being the one who gave the subject its first general and comprehensive treatment.

The most popular story is that Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection and Lamarckism were rivals in the 19th century. Darwinism eventually won, leading to the development of what biologists now refer to as the Modern Synthesis. The theory denies that acquired characteristics can be passed down through generations and instead argues that organisms evolve through the selective influence of environmental factors, including Natural Selection.

Lamarck and his contemporaries believed in the notion that acquired characters could be passed on to the next generation. However, this idea was never a major part of any of their theories on evolution. This is partly due to the fact that it was never tested scientifically.

It's been over 200 years since the birth of Lamarck and in the field of genomics there is a growing evidence base that supports the heritability acquired characteristics. This is often called "neo-Lamarckism" or, more frequently, epigenetic inheritance. It is a version of evolution that is just as relevant as the more popular Neo-Darwinian model.

Evolution through Adaptation

One of the most common misconceptions about evolution is that it is being driven by a struggle for survival. This notion is not true and ignores other forces driving evolution. The struggle for existence is better described as a struggle to survive in a specific environment. This could include not just other organisms, but also the physical environment.

To understand how evolution functions it is important to understand what is adaptation. The term "adaptation" refers to any characteristic that allows a living organism to live in its environment and reproduce. It can be a physical structure, 무료에볼루션 like fur or feathers. It could also be a characteristic of behavior, 에볼루션 바카라 무료체험 like moving to the shade during hot weather or moving out to avoid the cold at night.

The survival of an organism is dependent on its ability to draw energy from the environment and to interact with other living organisms and their physical surroundings. The organism needs to have the right genes to produce offspring, and it should be able to locate enough food and other resources. Moreover, the organism must be capable of reproducing itself at an optimal rate within its environmental niche.

These factors, along with mutation and gene flow can result in a change in the proportion of alleles (different varieties of a particular gene) in the population's gene pool. This change in allele frequency can result in the emergence of novel traits and eventually new species in the course of time.

Many of the characteristics we admire about animals and plants are adaptations, such as the lungs or gills that extract oxygen from the air, fur or feathers for insulation, long legs for running away from predators, and camouflage for hiding. To understand adaptation, it is important to discern between physiological and behavioral traits.

Physical characteristics like thick fur and gills are physical traits. Behavior adaptations aren't an exception, for instance, the tendency of animals to seek companionship or move into the shade in hot weather. It is also important to remember that a lack of planning does not make an adaptation. Failure to consider the effects of a behavior even if it seems to be logical, can make it unadaptive.